Exam 8: A: Language and Thought

You have a pair of pliers and a bag of nuts in the shell.You are lamenting the fact that you can't shell the nuts because you do not have a nutcracker.Which problem is demonstrated by your inability to perceive the pliers as a makeshift nutcracker

Fred needs major heart surgery,and he has consulted with two doctors about the operation.Dr.Marx tells Fred he has a 90 percent chance of surviving the surgery; Dr.Scalli tells Fred there is a 10 percent chance that he won't survive the surgery.What is most likely,based on Kahneman and Tversky's research

Jesse Jesse was playing with marbles when one of the marbles fell into a heating vent in the floor. Jesse could see the marble, but he couldn't reach it because the slats of the vent were too close together for his hand, and he couldn't remove the lid. Jesse said, rather sarcastically to himself, "Well, that's just fabulous." He looked around the room for something that he could use to retrieve the marble. When he saw his juice glass with the straw in it, he got an idea. He took the straw, carefully lowered it into the vent until it touched the marble. Then he sucked on the straw so that it "grabbed" the marble as he gently raised it back up into his waiting hand. Quite pleased with himself, and a little dizzy, Jesse went back to playing marbles. -What did it illustrate when Jesse recognized that the straw could be used for something other than drinking juice

What is fast mapping

Alex is dealing with a new problem that he has never encountered.He begins to consider all the various methods that he has used to solve problems in the past.What is Alex thinking about,according to Newell and Simon

Overextensions are more common in children's production of words than in their comprehension of words.What does this imply about the use of overextensions

You are listening to 2-year-old Annie as she says,"No eat.No like." She is trying to let you know that she is not going to eat her broccoli because she doesn't like it.What does Annie's communication illustrate

What led to the "cognitive revolution" in the 1950s

You believe that getting a degree in business will guarantee you a high-paying career.Every time you hear about someone with a prestigious career and a business degree,you take this as evidence to support your belief.What will you NOT do if you are vulnerable to confirmation bias

Which component of language allows you to recognize that "give" and "take" have opposite meanings

What is the connotation of a word

Last Halloween,4-year-old Jillian called the decorations at her house "pukkins." This year she can say "pumpkins" when she describes them.What language component has Jillian improved in this instance

In which situation would an algorithm be most useful

You and your friend just met a woman at the bookstore,and she recommended a very good book to you.You guess,based on her appearance and demeanour,that she is a teacher.Your friend suggests that she is a teacher and also a writer.What should you think about your friend's suggestion

Dr.Peppard is studying cognitive flexibility and selective attention in bilingual and monolingual adults.What pattern is Dr.Peppard most likely to see in the test scores of bilingual participants,based on the evidence from previous research studies

Dr.McGrath believes that both an innate predisposition and a supportive environment contribute to language development.Which language theory is Dr.McGrath's views are most consistent with

What is the term for basing the estimated probability of an event on the ease with which instances come to mind

Mandy seldom corrects her 4-year-old's grammatical errors,such as "Her drinked my milk." However,she is careful to correct factual errors,such as "Tiger ate his milk." If Mandy's child develops normal language skills,which theory is weakened by this evidence

When a child starts using overregularizations,what do these errors reflect

What is metalinguistic awareness