Question 1

Which research project would be most likely to be conducted by someone in the field of behavioural economics

Accepted Answer

A)  a study of emotional influences on investment in the stock market 
B)  a comparison of the personalities of people in different socio-economic groups 
C)  a comprehensive list of the cost of education in 40 different countries 
D)  an efficiency study of a corporation 
A)  a study of emotional influences on investment in the stock market 
B)  a comparison of the personalities of people in different socio-economic groups 
C)  a comprehensive list of the cost of education in 40 different countries 
D)  an efficiency study of a corporation

Question 2

Researchers presented two groups of physicians with information regarding a surgical procedure.The first group of physicians were told that,on average,15 out of 100 people die as a result of the surgery; the remaining group of physicians were told that on average 85 out of 100 people survive the surgery.What should you expect

Accepted Answer

A)  Both groups of physicians would recommend the surgical procedure to their patients. 
B)  Neither group of physicians would recommend the surgical procedure to their patients. 
C)  The first group of physicians would be more likely to recommend the surgical procedure to their patients. 
D)  The second group of physicians would be more likely to recommend the surgical procedure to their patients. 
A)  Both groups of physicians would recommend the surgical procedure to their patients. 
B)  Neither group of physicians would recommend the surgical procedure to their patients. 
C)  The first group of physicians would be more likely to recommend the surgical procedure to their patients. 
D)  The second group of physicians would be more likely to recommend the surgical procedure to their patients.

Question 3

Recent research using brain-imaging technology shows that the brain reacts differently to syllables that are either good or bad word candidates.What can we conclude from this

Accepted Answer

A)  The brain is hardwired to recognize sound patterns that make up human languages. 
B)  There is no evidence of the effect of the instruction through teaching of language. 
C)  There is no evidence for the effect of reinforcement in language development. 
D)  Nativism is the only theoretical approach to language development which has demonstrated research support. 
A)  The brain is hardwired to recognize sound patterns that make up human languages. 
B)  There is no evidence of the effect of the instruction through teaching of language. 
C)  There is no evidence for the effect of reinforcement in language development. 
D)  Nativism is the only theoretical approach to language development which has demonstrated research support.

Question 4

What is associated with cognitive theories of language acquisition

Accepted Answer

A)  Children possess a built-in language acquisition device. 
B)  Language acquisition is tied to children's progress in thinking. 
C)  Thought starts to occur after the child acquires language. 
D)  Children learn language through imitation, reinforcement, and shaping. 
A)  Children possess a built-in language acquisition device. 
B)  Language acquisition is tied to children's progress in thinking. 
C)  Thought starts to occur after the child acquires language. 
D)  Children learn language through imitation, reinforcement, and shaping.

Question 5

As Dr.Trelawny marks the first three midterms for her class,she notes that the grades are very high.She then thinks that this class must be exceptionally bright.What is Dr.Trelawny using to make this illogical assumption

Accepted Answer

A)  gambler's fallacy 
B)  overestimating the improbable 
C)  confirmation bias 
D)  belief in the law of small numbers 
A)  gambler's fallacy 
B)  overestimating the improbable 
C)  confirmation bias 
D)  belief in the law of small numbers

Question 6

Here is an example of a question: "Apple is to fruit as hamburger is to _____." What type of question is this

Accepted Answer

A)  arrangement problem 
B)  series-completion problem 
C)  analogy problem 
D)  representativeness heuristic 
A)  arrangement problem 
B)  series-completion problem 
C)  analogy problem 
D)  representativeness heuristic

Question 7

Salvador hates to work through the problems on his calculus assignments step by step,and he often tries shortcuts that might save him some time.What does Salvador prefer to use

Accepted Answer

A)  heuristics 
B)  functional fixedness 
C)  analogies 
D)  algorithms 
A)  heuristics 
B)  functional fixedness 
C)  analogies 
D)  algorithms

Question 8

Charlene was packing for a trip and she started to just pile all of her favourite clothes into her suitcase.She realized that she didn't have room for everything that she would like to take so she made a list of how many items she would need for the five days that she would be away and selected just the number of items that she would need.Which strategy did Charlene use

Accepted Answer

A)  an algorithm 
B)  working backward 
C)  changing the representation of the problem 
D)  searching for an analogy 
A)  an algorithm 
B)  working backward 
C)  changing the representation of the problem 
D)  searching for an analogy

Question 9

Mischel knows how to say "red," but when his cousin asks him to name the colours of the cars that drive past their house,he says red for every car,no matter what colour it actually is.What does this example illustrate

Accepted Answer

A)  telegraphic speech 
B)  overextension 
C)  fast mapping 
D)  babbling 
A)  telegraphic speech 
B)  overextension 
C)  fast mapping 
D)  babbling

Question 10

A sales representative from an investment company is trying to convince a young couple to invest in one of the company's mutual funds.What will most increase his likelihood of success,based on the framing effect

Accepted Answer

A)  He leaves a detailed prospectus containing a lot of statistical analyses. 
B)  He stresses that the fund has lost money in only 3 of the past 15 years. 
C)  He stresses that the fund has had solid returns in 12 of the past 15 years. 
D)  He mentions the names of other people who have invested in the fund. 
A)  He leaves a detailed prospectus containing a lot of statistical analyses. 
B)  He stresses that the fund has lost money in only 3 of the past 15 years. 
C)  He stresses that the fund has had solid returns in 12 of the past 15 years. 
D)  He mentions the names of other people who have invested in the fund.

Question 11

Which theory of language is associated with the hypothesized "language acquisition device"

Accepted Answer

A)  generativity 
B)  learning 
C)  stage 
D)  nativist 
A)  generativity 
B)  learning 
C)  stage 
D)  nativist

Question 12

Many people mistakenly believe their chances of dying in an airplane crash are greater than their chances of dying in an automobile crash.What is reflected in this belief

Accepted Answer

A)  belief in the law of small numbers 
B)  conjunction fallacy 
C)  availability heuristic 
D)  confirmation bias 
A)  belief in the law of small numbers 
B)  conjunction fallacy 
C)  availability heuristic 
D)  confirmation bias

Question 13

Here is an example of a question: "Glove is to hand as sock is to _____." What type of question is this

Accepted Answer

A)  problem of arrangement 
B)  ill-defined problem 
C)  problem of transformation 
D)  problem of inducing structure 
A)  problem of arrangement 
B)  ill-defined problem 
C)  problem of transformation 
D)  problem of inducing structure

Question 14

"Anyone who agrees with that decision must be an uneducated bigot." What is the term for this type of statement

Accepted Answer

A)  linguistic relativity 
B)  framing 
C)  semantic overextension 
D)  anticipatory name calling 
A)  linguistic relativity 
B)  framing 
C)  semantic overextension 
D)  anticipatory name calling

Question 15

In which case will working backward to solve a problem be an effective strategy

Accepted Answer

A)  when a problem has a well-defined endpoint 
B)  when it is necessary to change the representation of a problem 
C)  when a problem has multiphasic branch points 
D)  when a problem is unsolvable by heuristics 
A)  when a problem has a well-defined endpoint 
B)  when it is necessary to change the representation of a problem 
C)  when a problem has multiphasic branch points 
D)  when a problem is unsolvable by heuristics

Question 16

Humans often appear irrational when you look at results of decision-making research.What explanation for this tendency is given by evolutionary theorists

Accepted Answer

A)  Problems in the laboratory are different from the problems we evolved to solve. 
B)  Lab studies use heuristics and algorithms rather than deductive reasoning. 
C)  Most research compares humans to other animals, and other animals are more instinctive in their decision-making processes. 
D)  Most decision-making research involves numerical problems, something that our ancestors did not face. 
A)  Problems in the laboratory are different from the problems we evolved to solve. 
B)  Lab studies use heuristics and algorithms rather than deductive reasoning. 
C)  Most research compares humans to other animals, and other animals are more instinctive in their decision-making processes. 
D)  Most decision-making research involves numerical problems, something that our ancestors did not face.

Question 17

Jesse
Jesse was playing with marbles when one of the marbles fell into a heating vent in the floor. Jesse could see the marble, but he couldn't reach it because the slats of the vent were too close together for his hand, and he couldn't remove the lid. Jesse said, rather sarcastically to himself, "Well, that's just fabulous." He looked around the room for something that he could use to retrieve the marble. When he saw his juice glass with the straw in it, he got an idea. He took the straw, carefully lowered it into the vent until it touched the marble. Then he sucked on the straw so that it "grabbed" the marble as he gently raised it back up into his waiting hand. Quite pleased with himself, and a little dizzy, Jesse went back to playing marbles.
-As Jesse was attempting to solve the problem,he got an idea when he saw the straw in the juice glass.What is the term that is used for recognizing a solution to a problem in this way

Accepted Answer

A)  field dependence 
B)  anagram 
C)  mental set 
D)  insight 
A)  field dependence 
B)  anagram 
C)  mental set 
D)  insight

Question 18

What is the name of the chimp who learned to sign 160 words after her trainers taught her using American Sign Language (ASL)

Accepted Answer

A)  Washoe 
B)  Gardner 
C)  Willie 
D)  Beatrice 
A)  Washoe 
B)  Gardner 
C)  Willie 
D)  Beatrice

Question 19

You are at a day care centre and you hear three 12-month-old babies babbling,each baby from a different racial/ethnic background (Asian,Hispanic,and Caucasian).Which statement should best describe the babbling of each of these infants

Accepted Answer

A)  It will sound very similar, because maturation is the major determinant of language acquisition during the first year. 
B)  It will consist mainly of two-word phrases (telegraphic speech). 
C)  It will consist mainly of vowel sounds, because consonant sounds don't usually emerge until 14 months of age. 
D)  It will sound very different, with each child's babbles sounding quite similar to the parents' native language. 
A)  It will sound very similar, because maturation is the major determinant of language acquisition during the first year. 
B)  It will consist mainly of two-word phrases (telegraphic speech). 
C)  It will consist mainly of vowel sounds, because consonant sounds don't usually emerge until 14 months of age. 
D)  It will sound very different, with each child's babbles sounding quite similar to the parents' native language.

Question 20

Claudia wants to send a fragile vase to her parents for their anniversary,but she can't find any appropriate packing material in her house.She decides to pop some popcorn and use that to pack around the vase.What has Claudia done in this case

Accepted Answer

A)  overcome functional fixedness in solving her problem 
B)  effectively utilized the availability heuristic in solving her problem 
C)  utilized an elimination-by-aspects strategy to solve her problem 
D)  demonstrated functional fixedness in solving her problem 
A)  overcome functional fixedness in solving her problem 
B)  effectively utilized the availability heuristic in solving her problem 
C)  utilized an elimination-by-aspects strategy to solve her problem 
D)  demonstrated functional fixedness in solving her problem

Exam 8: A: Language and Thought

Which research project would be most likely to be conducted by someone in the field of behavioural economics

Recent research using brain-imaging technology shows that the brain reacts differently to syllables that are either good or bad word candidates.What can we conclude from this

What is associated with cognitive theories of language acquisition

As Dr.Trelawny marks the first three midterms for her class,she notes that the grades are very high.She then thinks that this class must be exceptionally bright.What is Dr.Trelawny using to make this illogical assumption

Here is an example of a question: "Apple is to fruit as hamburger is to _____." What type of question is this

Salvador hates to work through the problems on his calculus assignments step by step,and he often tries shortcuts that might save him some time.What does Salvador prefer to use

Mischel knows how to say "red," but when his cousin asks him to name the colours of the cars that drive past their house,he says red for every car,no matter what colour it actually is.What does this example illustrate

A sales representative from an investment company is trying to convince a young couple to invest in one of the company's mutual funds.What will most increase his likelihood of success,based on the framing effect

Which theory of language is associated with the hypothesized "language acquisition device"

Many people mistakenly believe their chances of dying in an airplane crash are greater than their chances of dying in an automobile crash.What is reflected in this belief

Here is an example of a question: "Glove is to hand as sock is to _____." What type of question is this

"Anyone who agrees with that decision must be an uneducated bigot." What is the term for this type of statement

In which case will working backward to solve a problem be an effective strategy

Humans often appear irrational when you look at results of decision-making research.What explanation for this tendency is given by evolutionary theorists

What is the name of the chimp who learned to sign 160 words after her trainers taught her using American Sign Language (ASL)

You are at a day care centre and you hear three 12-month-old babies babbling,each baby from a different racial/ethnic background (Asian,Hispanic,and Caucasian).Which statement should best describe the babbling of each of these infants

Claudia wants to send a fragile vase to her parents for their anniversary,but she can't find any appropriate packing material in her house.She decides to pop some popcorn and use that to pack around the vase.What has Claudia done in this case

A: The Evolution of Psychology

B: The Evolution of Psychology

C: The Evolution of Psychology

A: The Research Enterprise in Psychology

B: The Research Enterprise in Psychology

A: The Biological Bases of Behaviour

B: The Biological Bases of Behaviour

C: The Biological Basis of Behaviour

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

A: Variations in Consciousness

B: Variations in Consciousness

A: Learning

B: Learning

C: Learning

A: Human Memory

B: Human Memory

B: Language and Thought

A: Intelligence and Psychological Testing

B: Intelligence and Psychological Testing

C: Intelligence Psychological Testing

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

A: Human Development Across the Life Span

B: Human Development Across the Life Span

C: Human Development Across the Lifespan

A: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment

B: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment

A: Social Behaviour

B: Social Behaviour

A: Stress, Coping, and Health

B: Stress, Coping, and Health

C: Stress, Coping Health

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

A: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

B: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

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