Question 1

What is the likelihood of misleading results in a small sample,compared to the likelihood of misleading results in a large sample

Accepted Answer

A)  less in a small sample 
B)  likelihood is unaffected by sample size 
C)  greater in a small sample 
D)  same in both types of sample 
A)  less in a small sample 
B)  likelihood is unaffected by sample size 
C)  greater in a small sample 
D)  same in both types of sample

Question 2

Marc loves to solve anagrams and spends a great deal of time working through books of anagrams.Which problem-solving strategy does it appear that Marc enjoys

Accepted Answer

A)  analogical reasoning 
B)  arrangement 
C)  transformation 
D)  inducing structure 
A)  analogical reasoning 
B)  arrangement 
C)  transformation 
D)  inducing structure

Question 3

Some researchers have reported that in the first few months,babies who are born deaf still coo and babble,just like babies who can hear.Which theory is most supported by this evidence

Accepted Answer

A)  linguistic relativity 
B)  behavioural 
C)  nativist 
D)  cognitive 
A)  linguistic relativity 
B)  behavioural 
C)  nativist 
D)  cognitive

Question 4

Who has been the most well-known supporter of the linguistic relativity hypothesis

Accepted Answer

A)  Benjamin Whorf 
B)  Jiaying Zhao 
C)  B F Skinner 
D)  Herbert Simon 
A)  Benjamin Whorf 
B)  Jiaying Zhao 
C)  B F Skinner 
D)  Herbert Simon

Question 5

Riley's algebra teacher is amazed at the creativity Riley shows in solving homework problems.He seldom uses the same method on two consecutive problems,even when the problems are very similar in content and structure.Although Riley makes lots of mistakes in algebra,what is he unlikely to experience

Accepted Answer

A)  mental set in his problem solving 
B)  functional fixedness in his problem solving 
C)  overregularization in his problem solving 
D)  noncompensatory problem solving 
A)  mental set in his problem solving 
B)  functional fixedness in his problem solving 
C)  overregularization in his problem solving 
D)  noncompensatory problem solving

Question 6

What is NOT an item of evidence Chomsky would use to support the idea of an inborn language learning mechanism

Accepted Answer

A)  Children learn language very quickly and effortlessly. 
B)  The errors in child speech are common and indicate lawfulness. 
C)  The general rate of language learning is similar for kids from diverse backgrounds. 
D)  Language learning in young children is different across cultures. 
A)  Children learn language very quickly and effortlessly. 
B)  The errors in child speech are common and indicate lawfulness. 
C)  The general rate of language learning is similar for kids from diverse backgrounds. 
D)  Language learning in young children is different across cultures.

Question 7

There are two systems of thought which evolutionary theorists have argued human reasoning largely depends on.Which one is best used to make fast decisions

Accepted Answer

A)  fast and frugal heuristics 
B)  traditional decision research 
C)  effortful cognition 
D)  unbounded decision making 
A)  fast and frugal heuristics 
B)  traditional decision research 
C)  effortful cognition 
D)  unbounded decision making

Question 8

What do we mean when we say that language is generative

Accepted Answer

A)  The symbols used in the language are arbitrary. 
B)  Language is both written and oral. 
C)  A limited number of symbols can be combined to produce an infinite variety of messages. 
D)  Sentences must be structured in a limited number of ways. 
A)  The symbols used in the language are arbitrary. 
B)  Language is both written and oral. 
C)  A limited number of symbols can be combined to produce an infinite variety of messages. 
D)  Sentences must be structured in a limited number of ways.

Question 9

In a taste test,two groups were given exactly the same chocolate and asked to rate it for flavour,texture,and appearance.One group was told that the chocolate was expensive,handmade,and imported from Europe.The other group was told that the chocolate was relatively cheap and from a large factory in a nearby city.Which chocolate will get the most favourable ratings

Accepted Answer

A)  the "expensive" chocolate, because perception of quality is distorted by expectation 
B)  the "cheap" chocolate, because it would be better than expected 
C)  the "expensive" chocolate, because of demand characteristics in the situation 
D)  the "cheap" chocolate, because we tend to prefer things that are a good value 
A)  the "expensive" chocolate, because perception of quality is distorted by expectation 
B)  the "cheap" chocolate, because it would be better than expected 
C)  the "expensive" chocolate, because of demand characteristics in the situation 
D)  the "cheap" chocolate, because we tend to prefer things that are a good value

Question 10

According to Kahneman,which system of thought are we invoking when we scan the environment at a concert looking for a person wearing a red hoodie,when we complete our tax returns,or when we try to maintain a faster walking speed than is normal for us

Accepted Answer

A)  slow thinking system 
B)  fast thinking system 
C)  system 1 thinking 
D)  deliberation system of thought 
A)  slow thinking system 
B)  fast thinking system 
C)  system 1 thinking 
D)  deliberation system of thought

Question 11

Mayra wants to generate a set of anagrams for a contest in the campus paper.To generate the anagrams,she starts with the words that the contestants need to come up with to win the contest,and then scrambles the letters.In this case,Mayra's method of solving the problem is consistent with which problem-solving heuristic

Accepted Answer

A)  means-end analysis 
B)  searching for analogies 
C)  trial and error 
D)  working backward 
A)  means-end analysis 
B)  searching for analogies 
C)  trial and error 
D)  working backward

Question 12

What is predicted by the linguistic relativity hypothesis

Accepted Answer

A)  People in all cultures think alike, despite their language differences. 
B)  Language development consistently lags behind cognitive development. 
C)  Language and thought develop independently. 
D)  People will have difficulty thinking about things they cannot describe in words. 
A)  People in all cultures think alike, despite their language differences. 
B)  Language development consistently lags behind cognitive development. 
C)  Language and thought develop independently. 
D)  People will have difficulty thinking about things they cannot describe in words.

Question 13

There are different sounds across languages that all represent the same thing.Which quality of language does this reflect

Accepted Answer

A)  semantic 
B)  generative 
C)  cross-cultural 
D)  structural 
A)  semantic 
B)  generative 
C)  cross-cultural 
D)  structural

Question 14

How many phonemes does the English language use

Accepted Answer

A)  approximately 450,000 phonemes, one for each word 
B)  26 phonemes, one for each letter of the alphabet 
C)  about 40 phonemes, corresponding to the letters of the alphabet plus several variations 
D)  all of the 100 or so phonemes that humans are capable of producing 
A)  approximately 450,000 phonemes, one for each word 
B)  26 phonemes, one for each letter of the alphabet 
C)  about 40 phonemes, corresponding to the letters of the alphabet plus several variations 
D)  all of the 100 or so phonemes that humans are capable of producing

Question 15

Maribel is on a jury,and she is already convinced that the defendant in the case is not guilty.She listens very attentively to everything the defence attorneys have to say,but she tends to pay less attention when the prosecution is presenting evidence.What seems to be influencing Maribel's behaviour in this instance

Accepted Answer

A)  overconfidence effect 
B)  conjunction fallacy 
C)  base-rate fallacy 
D)  confirmation bias 
A)  overconfidence effect 
B)  conjunction fallacy 
C)  base-rate fallacy 
D)  confirmation bias

Question 16

Greeno's basic types of problems were described in your text.Which one requires the problem solver to discover the relations among the parts of the problem

Accepted Answer

A)  inducing structure 
B)  transformation 
C)  recategorization 
D)  arrangement 
A)  inducing structure 
B)  transformation 
C)  recategorization 
D)  arrangement

Question 17

Which statement does NOT accurately describe babbling

Accepted Answer

A)  The sounds babbled by babies from different cultures are different right from the start. 
B)  Infants' first words are similar, even in different languages. 
C)  Infants' first words are likely to consist of sounds that are easy to produce. 
D)  Infants' first words resemble the syllables they babble spontaneously. 
A)  The sounds babbled by babies from different cultures are different right from the start. 
B)  Infants' first words are similar, even in different languages. 
C)  Infants' first words are likely to consist of sounds that are easy to produce. 
D)  Infants' first words resemble the syllables they babble spontaneously.

Question 18

When people are seeking gains,what is their likelihood of making risky decisions,compared to when they are attempting to cut their losses

Accepted Answer

A)  equally likely in both situations 
B)  less likely when seeking gains 
C)  more likely when seeking gains 
D)  less likely when seeking gains if female, but more likely if male 
A)  equally likely in both situations 
B)  less likely when seeking gains 
C)  more likely when seeking gains 
D)  less likely when seeking gains if female, but more likely if male

Question 19

How does risky decision making differ from making decisions about preferences
 How do people generally make each type of decision

Accepted Answer

Making decisions about preferences invo

Question 20

Which statement best describes babbling

Accepted Answer

A)  Babies initially babble the sounds used in many different languages. 
B)  Babies babble only sounds that are part of the parents' language. 
C)  Babbling simply involves imitation of the parents' speech sounds. 
D)  Babbling emerges only in infants who are not exposed to correct speech. 
A)  Babies initially babble the sounds used in many different languages. 
B)  Babies babble only sounds that are part of the parents' language. 
C)  Babbling simply involves imitation of the parents' speech sounds. 
D)  Babbling emerges only in infants who are not exposed to correct speech.

Exam 8: A: Language and Thought

What is the likelihood of misleading results in a small sample,compared to the likelihood of misleading results in a large sample

Marc loves to solve anagrams and spends a great deal of time working through books of anagrams.Which problem-solving strategy does it appear that Marc enjoys

Some researchers have reported that in the first few months,babies who are born deaf still coo and babble,just like babies who can hear.Which theory is most supported by this evidence

Who has been the most well-known supporter of the linguistic relativity hypothesis

Riley's algebra teacher is amazed at the creativity Riley shows in solving homework problems.He seldom uses the same method on two consecutive problems,even when the problems are very similar in content and structure.Although Riley makes lots of mistakes in algebra,what is he unlikely to experience

What is NOT an item of evidence Chomsky would use to support the idea of an inborn language learning mechanism

There are two systems of thought which evolutionary theorists have argued human reasoning largely depends on.Which one is best used to make fast decisions

What do we mean when we say that language is generative

According to Kahneman,which system of thought are we invoking when we scan the environment at a concert looking for a person wearing a red hoodie,when we complete our tax returns,or when we try to maintain a faster walking speed than is normal for us

What is predicted by the linguistic relativity hypothesis

There are different sounds across languages that all represent the same thing.Which quality of language does this reflect

How many phonemes does the English language use

Greeno's basic types of problems were described in your text.Which one requires the problem solver to discover the relations among the parts of the problem

Which statement does NOT accurately describe babbling

When people are seeking gains,what is their likelihood of making risky decisions,compared to when they are attempting to cut their losses

How does risky decision making differ from making decisions about preferences How do people generally make each type of decision

Which statement best describes babbling

A: The Evolution of Psychology

B: The Evolution of Psychology

C: The Evolution of Psychology

A: The Research Enterprise in Psychology

B: The Research Enterprise in Psychology

A: The Biological Bases of Behaviour

B: The Biological Bases of Behaviour

C: The Biological Basis of Behaviour

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

A: Variations in Consciousness

B: Variations in Consciousness

A: Learning

B: Learning

C: Learning

A: Human Memory

B: Human Memory

B: Language and Thought

A: Intelligence and Psychological Testing

B: Intelligence and Psychological Testing

C: Intelligence Psychological Testing

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

A: Human Development Across the Life Span

B: Human Development Across the Life Span

C: Human Development Across the Lifespan

A: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment

B: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment

A: Social Behaviour

B: Social Behaviour

A: Stress, Coping, and Health

B: Stress, Coping, and Health

C: Stress, Coping Health

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

A: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

B: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

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