Exam 2: Ethics Foundations of Ethics in Research

Research misconduct involving manipulating research materials,equipment,or processes,or changing or omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately represented in the research record is classified as ____.

Narrative 2-1 The Homeless Shelter Carlos,a psychologist at a local shelter for homeless individuals,makes determinations about who should get special privileges.He is working on his doctorate at the same time,and naturally considers dissertation topics that would involve people who are homeless.​ -Carlos decides to focus on individuals who are at high risk of becoming homeless,specifically,individuals with severe,persistent mental illness who are being released from state hospitals.He is extremely careful,in his consent materials,to be clear that people do not have to participate,that their decision to participate or not participate will in no way impact their treatment at the hospital or thereafter,and that,even if they agree to participate,they can withdraw their consent without penalty.In terms of the Belmont Report's conceptualization of informed consent,Carlos is addressing ____.

What did the 1980s activist poster that read "Stop Protecting Us to Death" refer to?​

In the United States,the Department of Health and Human Services has placed responsibility for managing conflicts of interest on investigators,IRBs,and institutions​

Assent means that a child has not stated any objections to participating in a research study.

Narrative 2-1 The Homeless Shelter Carlos,a psychologist at a local shelter for homeless individuals,makes determinations about who should get special privileges.He is working on his doctorate at the same time,and naturally considers dissertation topics that would involve people who are homeless.​ -Carlos decides to focus on individuals who are at high risk of becoming homeless,specifically,individuals with severe,persistent mental illness who are being released from state hospitals.He is aware that many of his potential research participants have low literacy levels and takes this into consideration when preparing his informed consent materials.In terms of the Belmont Report's conceptualization of informed consent,Carlos is addressing ____.

Which researcher conducted studies of obedience that suggested ordinary people would do things they knew would cause harm to others simply because they were told to do so?​

Human subjects are to the Institutional Review Board as animal subjects are to the ____.

The principle of "respect for persons" means that people are to be treated as independent and autonomous individuals

What term refers to an assurance made to study participants that no one,including the researchers,will be able to link data to a specific individual?

When ____ is used,either misleading or incomplete information is given to participants in the informed consent process.

Although the rules surrounding the testing and approval of new drugs were indented to protect the public,these rules can also limit the access to drugs by people who are desperately ill.As a result of demands by ____ activists,the FDA eventually developed an expedited review process as well as a program to expand access to promising drugs.

The role of a local _______________ is to review all proposed research involving human subjects to ensure that subjects are going to be treated ethically and that their rights and welfare will be adequately protected.

The _______________ includes basic standards that should underlie the conduct of any biomedical and behavioral research involving human participants.

​Narrative 2-2 Brain Imaging Katherine is a researcher studying the neurophysiology of schizophrenia.In order to do so,she compares fMRI imaging when individuals are on effective medication and when they have been off their medication long enough that it is no longer detectible in their blood. -Katherine is aware that some potential participants may have cognitive impairments and she considers excluding them solely on that basis.At the same time,she is aware that participants may,themselves,benefit from participating in the study,since they will live in at research hospital during the study and will have access to numerous resources while hospitalized.If Katherine decides to exclude persons with cognitive impairments,she is also denying these individuals access to other services,and this bothers her.In terms of the principles in the Belmont Report,she is struggling with issues related to ____.

Narrative 2-1 The Homeless Shelter Carlos,a psychologist at a local shelter for homeless individuals,makes determinations about who should get special privileges.He is working on his doctorate at the same time,and naturally considers dissertation topics that would involve people who are homeless.​ -Carlos is thinking about including children in his study.Although the children cannot enter into a legal agreement to participate,he feels it is important that they still agree to participate.By doing so,Carlos is seeking the children's ____.

The principle of ____ means that people are to be treated as independent and autonomous individuals.

What term refers to an assurance made to study participants that personal information about participants will be protected?​

A(n)_______________ study is designed to test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety,determine a safe dosage range,and identify potential side effects.

The principle of ____ means that researchers should attempt to maximize the benefits of participation and take steps to identify and limit the potential for harm.