Question 1

Briefly describe the informational cues based on which attributions are made.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary.Kelley's attribution theory proposes that individuals make attributions based on information gathered in the form of three informational cues: consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency.Consensus is an informational cue indicating the extent to which peers in the same situation behave in a similar fashion.Distinctiveness is a cue indicating the degree to which an individual behaves the same way in other situations.Consistency is a cue indicating the frequency of behavior over time.We form attributions based on whether these cues are low or high.Please see the section "Correcting Poor Performance" for more information.

Question 2

Punishment is a strategy to cultivate desirable behavior by either bestowing positive consequences or withholding negative ones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

In the context of defining performance, performance appraisal:

Accepted Answer

A) ​involves defining and measuring performance. 
B) ​is the result that a person finds attractive or pleasurable. 
C) ​does not influence promotion or demotion. 
D) ​is the evaluation of a person's performance. 
A) ​involves defining and measuring performance. 
B) ​is the result that a person finds attractive or pleasurable. 
C) ​does not influence promotion or demotion. 
D) ​is the evaluation of a person's performance. D

Question 4

Classical conditioning has limited applicability to human behavior in organizations because:

Accepted Answer

A) ​humans are more amenable to simple cause-and-effect conditioning. 
B) ​humans are less complex than other animals that respond to classical conditioning. 
C) ​the human capacity for decision making can override simple conditioning. 
D) ​the behavioral environments in organizations are very amenable to single stimulus-response manipulations. 
A) ​humans are more amenable to simple cause-and-effect conditioning. 
B) ​humans are less complex than other animals that respond to classical conditioning. 
C) ​the human capacity for decision making can override simple conditioning. 
D) ​the behavioral environments in organizations are very amenable to single stimulus-response manipulations.

Question 5

In the context of reinforcement theory, _____ are the results that a person finds attractive or pleasurable.

Accepted Answer

A) ​theoretical frameworks 
B) ​positive consequences 
C) ​negative consequences 
D) ​learning models 
A) ​theoretical frameworks 
B) ​positive consequences 
C) ​negative consequences 
D) ​learning models

Question 6

Individual reward systems encourage cooperation, joint efforts, and the sharing of information and expertise.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following is a criticism of self-evaluations?

Accepted Answer

A) ​They decrease the commitment to goals. 
B) ​They make the evaluation interviews more defensive. 
C) ​They often conflict with supervisory evaluations. 
D) ​They make the evaluation interviews less constructive. 
A) ​They decrease the commitment to goals. 
B) ​They make the evaluation interviews more defensive. 
C) ​They often conflict with supervisory evaluations. 
D) ​They make the evaluation interviews less constructive.

Question 8

_____ emphasizes collective performance rather than individual performance and is enhanced by employee involvement programs.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​Management by objectives 
B) ​Management by exception 
C) ​Organizational citizenship behavior 
D) ​Task accomplishment 
A) ​Management by objectives 
B) ​Management by exception 
C) ​Organizational citizenship behavior 
D) ​Task accomplishment

Question 9

Briefly explain internal and external attributions.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary.Internal attributions

Question 10

Ali, a manager at Westfort Inc., reduces the pay of his subordinates when they fail to achieve their targets.Which of the following approaches does he use?

Accepted Answer

A) ​Reinforcement 
B) ​Punishment 
C) ​Extinction 
D) ​Contingency 
A) ​Reinforcement 
B) ​Punishment 
C) ​Extinction 
D) ​Contingency

Question 11

Briefly distinguish between positive and negative reinforcement with the help of a job-related example.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary.Positive reinforcement

Question 12

_____ is a cue indicating the frequency of behavior over time.

Accepted Answer

A) ​Consistency 
B) ​Consensus 
C) ​Distinctiveness 
D) ​Similarity 
A) ​Consistency 
B) ​Consensus 
C) ​Distinctiveness 
D) ​Similarity

Question 13

The planning component of goal setting consists of interim reviews conducted by managers and employees and formal performance evaluation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

360-degree feedback is based on a single source of information to improve accuracy of performance appraisals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Mike, the CEO of SwifTech, rewards and punishes his employees based on their performance.Which of the following behavior modification approaches does Mike follow?

Accepted Answer

A) ​Classical conditioning 
B) Observational learning​ 
C) ​Modeling learning 
D) ​Operant conditioning 
A) ​Classical conditioning 
B) Observational learning​ 
C) ​Modeling learning 
D) ​Operant conditioning

Question 16

Attributions are formed based on:

Accepted Answer

A) ​feedback from coworkers. 
B) ​whether informational cues are low or high. 
C) ​objective and accurate opinions provided by managers. 
D) ​openness and trust in the workplace. 
A) ​feedback from coworkers. 
B) ​whether informational cues are low or high. 
C) ​objective and accurate opinions provided by managers. 
D) ​openness and trust in the workplace.

Question 17

Validity, one of the key characteristics of an effective performance appraisal system, means:

Accepted Answer

A) ​capturing multiple dimensions of a person's job performance. 
B) ​staying open to modification based on new information. 
C) ​allowing the person being evaluated to have some input. 
D) ​evaluating fairly against established criteria, regardless of individual differences. 
A) ​capturing multiple dimensions of a person's job performance. 
B) ​staying open to modification based on new information. 
C) ​allowing the person being evaluated to have some input. 
D) ​evaluating fairly against established criteria, regardless of individual differences.

Question 18

Which of the following is true of goal setting?

Accepted Answer

A) ​It helps improve customer relations. 
B) ​It leads to increased employee engagement. 
C) ​It improves role clarity. 
D) ​It minimizes the need for performance evaluations. 
A) ​It helps improve customer relations. 
B) ​It leads to increased employee engagement. 
C) ​It improves role clarity. 
D) ​It minimizes the need for performance evaluations.

Question 19

Poor performance may also stem from an employee's displaced anger or conflict with the organization or supervisor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

_____ employs three types of consequences: financial reinforcement, nonfinancial reinforcement, and social reinforcement to shape behavior in a variety of organizations.

Accepted Answer

A) ​Organizational citizenship behavior 
B) ​Task-specific self-efficacy 
C) ​Management by exception 
D) ​Organizational behavior modification 
A) ​Organizational citizenship behavior 
B) ​Task-specific self-efficacy 
C) ​Management by exception 
D) ​Organizational behavior modification

Briefly describe the informational cues based on which attributions are made.

Punishment is a strategy to cultivate desirable behavior by either bestowing positive consequences or withholding negative ones.

In the context of defining performance, performance appraisal:

Classical conditioning has limited applicability to human behavior in organizations because:

In the context of reinforcement theory, _____ are the results that a person finds attractive or pleasurable.

Individual reward systems encourage cooperation, joint efforts, and the sharing of information and expertise.

Which of the following is a criticism of self-evaluations?

_____ emphasizes collective performance rather than individual performance and is enhanced by employee involvement programs.

Briefly explain internal and external attributions.

Ali, a manager at Westfort Inc., reduces the pay of his subordinates when they fail to achieve their targets.Which of the following approaches does he use?

Briefly distinguish between positive and negative reinforcement with the help of a job-related example.

_____ is a cue indicating the frequency of behavior over time.

The planning component of goal setting consists of interim reviews conducted by managers and employees and formal performance evaluation.

360-degree feedback is based on a single source of information to improve accuracy of performance appraisals.

Mike, the CEO of SwifTech, rewards and punishes his employees based on their performance.Which of the following behavior modification approaches does Mike follow?

Attributions are formed based on:

Validity, one of the key characteristics of an effective performance appraisal system, means:

Which of the following is true of goal setting?

Poor performance may also stem from an employee's displaced anger or conflict with the organization or supervisor.

_____ employs three types of consequences: financial reinforcement, nonfinancial reinforcement, and social reinforcement to shape behavior in a variety of organizations.

Organizational Behavior and Opportunity

Challenges for Managers

Personality, Perception and Attribution

Attitudes, Emotions and Ethics

Motivation at Work

Stress and Well-Being at Work

Communication

Work Teams and Groups

Decision Making by Individuals and Groups

Power and Political Behavior

Leadership and Followership

Conflict and Negotiation

Jobs and the Design of Work

Organizational Design and Structure

Organizational Culture

Career Management

Managing Change

Filters

Exam 6: Learning and Performance Management

Briefly describe the informational cues based on which attributions are made.

Punishment is a strategy to cultivate desirable behavior by either bestowing positive consequences or withholding negative ones.

In the context of defining performance, performance appraisal:

Classical conditioning has limited applicability to human behavior in organizations because:

In the context of reinforcement theory, _____ are the results that a person finds attractive or pleasurable.

Individual reward systems encourage cooperation, joint efforts, and the sharing of information and expertise.

Which of the following is a criticism of self-evaluations?

_____ emphasizes collective performance rather than individual performance and is enhanced by employee involvement programs.​

Briefly explain internal and external attributions.

Ali, a manager at Westfort Inc., reduces the pay of his subordinates when they fail to achieve their targets.Which of the following approaches does he use?

Briefly distinguish between positive and negative reinforcement with the help of a job-related example.

_____ is a cue indicating the frequency of behavior over time.

The planning component of goal setting consists of interim reviews conducted by managers and employees and formal performance evaluation.

360-degree feedback is based on a single source of information to improve accuracy of performance appraisals.

Mike, the CEO of SwifTech, rewards and punishes his employees based on their performance.Which of the following behavior modification approaches does Mike follow?

Attributions are formed based on:

Validity, one of the key characteristics of an effective performance appraisal system, means:

Which of the following is true of goal setting?

Poor performance may also stem from an employee's displaced anger or conflict with the organization or supervisor.

_____ employs three types of consequences: financial reinforcement, nonfinancial reinforcement, and social reinforcement to shape behavior in a variety of organizations.

Organizational Behavior and Opportunity

Challenges for Managers

Personality, Perception and Attribution

Attitudes, Emotions and Ethics

Motivation at Work

Stress and Well-Being at Work

Communication

Work Teams and Groups

Decision Making by Individuals and Groups

Power and Political Behavior

Leadership and Followership

Conflict and Negotiation

Jobs and the Design of Work

Organizational Design and Structure

Organizational Culture

Career Management

Managing Change

Filters

_____ emphasizes collective performance rather than individual performance and is enhanced by employee involvement programs.