Exam 5: Learning

The term reinforcement was preferred over the term reward because Skinner believed that the latter suggested

Your dog starts to salivate when you use the electric can opener to open his can of dog food. After learning the principles of classical conditioning, it becomes obvious to you that the can opener has become an effective

Who proposed the contingency theory for classical conditioning?

In _________ conditioning the focus is on how organisms form anticipations about the environment; in _______ conditioning the focus is on what the organism does to act on the environment.

A cognitive map is an illustration showing the different parts of the brain.

Bandura's research suggests that we can learn

An experimental procedure in which stimuli lose their ability to evoke learned responses because the events that had followed the stimuli no longer occur is the definition of__________________.

Taste aversion poses a problem for strict behaviorists because

Taste aversions differ from other instances of classical conditioning because

Ivan Pavlov was originally attempting to identify __________.

Working hard to avoid the loss of your paycheck next week is an example of a

Tolman showed that rats can learn about their environment without reinforcement. What did his research illustrate the difference between?

Psychologists who believe that learning involves experiences that change the way organisms mentally represent the environment are

A fixed ratio schedule is best described as providing reinforcement after

During World War II, B. F. Skinner was to head-up "Project Pigeon," where

The text gives an example of a pigeon getting rewarded for pecking a button ONLY in the presence of a green light. We can then safely assume that

What was the reason that Ivan Pavlov's dogs began salivating in response to an assistant entering the laboratory?

Watson conditioned fear in Little Albert by presenting a white rat with the loud clanging sound. __________ was the CS, and __________ was the US.

According to operant conditioning, what is a slot machine an example of?

a) Describe an example of how fear could be learned by classical conditioning. b) Describe three methods for reversing fears, including how these methods are different.