Exhibit 7-7: A group of curriculum designers has developed a new system for teaching phonics to young children.They randomly selected 24 kindergarten students to receive either the old phonics method or the new phonics method.The designers realized that kindergartens have morning and afternoon classes, so they wanted to build this factor into the research design.The following is the mean, standard deviation, and number for each group. $ \begin{array}{lll}\text { Morning } & {\text { Old }}{} & {\text { New }}{} \\ & 16.33 & 13.50 \\ &1.03 & 2.74 \\& 6 & 6 \\ \text { Afternoon } & 13.17 & 16.83 \\ & 3.55 & 2.14 \\ & 6 & 6\end{array} $ The following is an incomplete summary table of the analysis of variance: $\begin{array}{ll} \underline { \text { Source }} & \underline { \text { SS }} & \underline { \text { df }} & \underline { \text { MS}} & \underline { \text { F}}\\ \text { Time of Day } & 0.042 \\ \text { Lesson Design } & 1.042 \\ \text { Interaction }\\ \text { Error } & 128.500 \\ \text { Total } & 102950 \end{array}$ -Refer to Exhibit 7-7.What is the sum of squares for the interaction?

A) 63.375 B) 64.459 C) 127.416 D) None of these are true. A) 63.375 B) 64.459 C) 127.416 D) None of these are true.

Exhibit 7-12: An investigator is studying the effect of two physical fitness programs (M and N) on boys and girls.The experimental design is a 2 * 2 factorial design.The results of the investigation might be one of the following four conditions. $\begin{array}{l} \begin{array}{lll} &\text { Condition (a)}\\ &\mathrm{M} & \mathrm{N} \\ \text { Boys }&\mathrm{X}=50 & \mathrm{X}=60 \\ \text { Girls }&\mathrm{X}=60 & \mathrm{X}=50 \end{array} \begin{array}{lll} &\text { Condition (b)}\\ &\mathrm{M} & \mathrm{N} \\ \text { Boys }&\mathrm{X}=50 & \mathrm{X}=60 \\ \text { Girls }&\mathrm{X}=40 & \mathrm{X}=60 \end{array} \end{array}$ $\begin{array}{l} \begin{array}{lll} &\text { Condition (c)}\\ &\mathrm{M} & \mathrm{N} \\ \text { Boys }&\mathrm{X}=50 & \mathrm{X}=40 \\ \text { Girls }&\mathrm{Y}=60 & \mathrm{Y}=50 \end{array} \begin{array}{lll} &\text { Condition (d)}\\ &\mathrm{M} \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad \mathrm{N} \\ &\text { None of these condition }\\ \\ \end{array} \end{array}$ -Refer to Exhibit 7-12.Which condition shows neither an interaction effect nor a main effect?

A) condition (a) B) condition (b) C) condition (c) D) condition (d) A) condition (a) B) condition (b) C) condition (c) D) condition (d)

Exhibit 7-7: A group of curriculum designers has developed a new system for teaching phonics to young children.They randomly selected 24 kindergarten students to receive either the old phonics method or the new phonics method.The designers realized that kindergartens have morning and afternoon classes, so they wanted to build this factor into the research design.The following is the mean, standard deviation, and number for each group. $ \begin{array}{lll}\text { Morning } & {\text { Old }}{} & {\text { New }}{} \\ & 16.33 & 13.50 \\ &1.03 & 2.74 \\& 6 & 6 \\ \text { Afternoon } & 13.17 & 16.83 \\ & 3.55 & 2.14 \\ & 6 & 6\end{array} $ The following is an incomplete summary table of the analysis of variance: $\begin{array}{ll} \underline { \text { Source }} & \underline { \text { SS }} & \underline { \text { df }} & \underline { \text { MS}} & \underline { \text { F}}\\ \text { Time of Day } & 0.042 \\ \text { Lesson Design } & 1.042 \\ \text { Interaction }\\ \text { Error } & 128.500 \\ \text { Total } & 102950 \end{array}$ -Refer to Exhibit 7-7.What is the mean square for Lesson Design?

A) .042 B) 1.042 C) 63.375 D) None of these are true. A) .042 B) 1.042 C) 63.375 D) None of these are true.

Exhibit 7-11: In a 2 $\times$ 3 experimental design three kinds of treatments (A, B, and C) were used with two groups of subjects (M and N).The number of subjects and the mean of each group are as follows: $\begin{array}{lll} &&&\text { Treatments }\\ &&\mathrm{A} & \mathrm{B} & \mathrm{C} \\ &\mathrm{~M}&\mathrm{X}=20 & \mathrm{X}=18 & \mathrm{X}=16 \\ &&\mathrm{~N}=5 & \mathrm{~N}=5 & \mathrm{~N}=5 \\ \text { subjects } \\ &\mathrm{~N}&\mathrm{X}=12 & \mathrm{X}=14 & \mathrm{X}=16 \\ &&\mathrm{~N}=5 & \mathrm{~N}=5 & \mathrm{~N}=5 \end{array}$ The following is the incomplete summary table of multifactor analysis of variance.Complete the table and answer the following questions. $\begin{array}{ll} \text { Source of variation } & S S & \underline { \text { df }} & \underline { \text { MS}} & \underline { \text { F}}\\ \hline \text { Between columns } & 0 \\ \text { Between rows } & 120 \\ \text { Interaction } & \\ \hline \text { Between groups } & 200 \\ \text { Within groups } & \\ \hline \text { Tntal } & 454 \end{array}$ -Refer to Exhibit 7-11.The value of mean square within groups is

A) 0. B) 10.58. C) 40. D) 120. A) 0. B) 10.58. C) 40. D) 120.

Exhibit 7-7: A group of curriculum designers has developed a new system for teaching phonics to young children.They randomly selected 24 kindergarten students to receive either the old phonics method or the new phonics method.The designers realized that kindergartens have morning and afternoon classes, so they wanted to build this factor into the research design.The following is the mean, standard deviation, and number for each group. $ \begin{array}{lll}\text { Morning } & {\text { Old }}{} & {\text { New }}{} \\ & 16.33 & 13.50 \\ &1.03 & 2.74 \\& 6 & 6 \\ \text { Afternoon } & 13.17 & 16.83 \\ & 3.55 & 2.14 \\ & 6 & 6\end{array} $ The following is an incomplete summary table of the analysis of variance: $\begin{array}{ll} \underline { \text { Source }} & \underline { \text { SS }} & \underline { \text { df }} & \underline { \text { MS}} & \underline { \text { F}}\\ \text { Time of Day } & 0.042 \\ \text { Lesson Design } & 1.042 \\ \text { Interaction }\\ \text { Error } & 128.500 \\ \text { Total } & 102950 \end{array}$ -Refer to Exhibit 7-7.What is the F value for the Interaction?

A) .006 B) .162 C) 9.864 D) None of these are true. A) .006 B) .162 C) 9.864 D) None of these are true.

Exhibit 7-8: A pet store owner buys equal amounts of supplies for all types of animals.She wonders if the proportions of her customers are equal or are the same.She collected the following data over a period of a week: $\begin{array}{lccc} &&& \underline { \text { Products for }}\\ &\underline { \text { Dogs }} & \underline { \text { Cats }} & \underline { \text { Fish }} & \underline { \text { Birds}} & \underline { \text { Rodents }}\\ \text { Customers }&46&48&35&28&28 \end{array}$ -Refer to Exhibit 7-8.What are the degrees of freedom for the statistic?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 1 and 5 A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 1 and 5

Exhibit 7-12: An investigator is studying the effect of two physical fitness programs (M and N) on boys and girls.The experimental design is a 2 * 2 factorial design.The results of the investigation might be one of the following four conditions. $\begin{array}{l} \begin{array}{lll} &\text { Condition (a)}\\ &\mathrm{M} & \mathrm{N} \\ \text { Boys }&\mathrm{X}=50 & \mathrm{X}=60 \\ \text { Girls }&\mathrm{X}=60 & \mathrm{X}=50 \end{array} \begin{array}{lll} &\text { Condition (b)}\\ &\mathrm{M} & \mathrm{N} \\ \text { Boys }&\mathrm{X}=50 & \mathrm{X}=60 \\ \text { Girls }&\mathrm{X}=40 & \mathrm{X}=60 \end{array} \end{array}$ $\begin{array}{l} \begin{array}{lll} &\text { Condition (c)}\\ &\mathrm{M} & \mathrm{N} \\ \text { Boys }&\mathrm{X}=50 & \mathrm{X}=40 \\ \text { Girls }&\mathrm{Y}=60 & \mathrm{Y}=50 \end{array} \begin{array}{lll} &\text { Condition (d)}\\ &\mathrm{M} \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad \mathrm{N} \\ &\text { None of these condition }\\ \\ \end{array} \end{array}$ -Refer to Exhibit 7-12.Which condition shows two possible main effects and a possible interaction effect?

A) condition (a) B) condition (b) C) condition (c) D) condition (d) A) condition (a) B) condition (b) C) condition (c) D) condition (d)

Exhibit 7-9: A group of 100 college students and 100 college graduates was asked to reply to the question, "In general, do you enjoy reading a college textbook?" The following are the results: $\begin{array}{llll} & \underline{\text {Yes }}{} &\underline{\text {No }}{} &\underline { Sometimes } \\ \text { College Students } & 30 & 45 & 25 \\ \text { Graduates } & 50 & 30 & 20 \end{array}$ -Refer to Exhibit 7-9.What is the appropriate statistic for this data?

A) Chi Square Goodness of Fit B) Chi Square Test of Independence C) Analysis of Variance D) None of these are true. A) Chi Square Goodness of Fit B) Chi Square Test of Independence C) Analysis of Variance D) None of these are true.

Exam 7: Sampling and Inferential Statistics

Exhibit 7-7: A group of curriculum designers has developed a new system for teaching phonics to young children.They randomly selected 24 kindergarten students to receive either the old phonics method or the new phonics method.The designers realized that kindergartens have morning and afternoon classes, so they wanted to build this factor into the research design.The following is the mean, standard deviation, and number for each group. Morning Old New 16.33 13.50 1.03 2.74 6 6 Afternoon 13.17 16.83 3.55 2.14 6 6 The following is an incomplete summary table of the analysis of variance: Time of Day 0.042 Lesson Design 1.042 Interaction Error 128.500 Total 102950 -Refer to Exhibit 7-7.What is the sum of squares for the interaction?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 21

Exhibit 7-12: An investigator is studying the effect of two physical fitness programs (M and N) on boys and girls.The experimental design is a 2 * 2 factorial design.The results of the investigation might be one of the following four conditions. Condition (a) Boys =50 =60 Girls =60 =50 Condition (b) Boys =50 =60 Girls =40 =60 Condition (c) Boys =50 =40 Girls =60 =50 Condition (d) None of these condition -Refer to Exhibit 7-12.Which condition shows neither an interaction effect nor a main effect?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 22

Exhibit 7-7: A group of curriculum designers has developed a new system for teaching phonics to young children.They randomly selected 24 kindergarten students to receive either the old phonics method or the new phonics method.The designers realized that kindergartens have morning and afternoon classes, so they wanted to build this factor into the research design.The following is the mean, standard deviation, and number for each group. Morning Old New 16.33 13.50 1.03 2.74 6 6 Afternoon 13.17 16.83 3.55 2.14 6 6 The following is an incomplete summary table of the analysis of variance: Time of Day 0.042 Lesson Design 1.042 Interaction Error 128.500 Total 102950 -Refer to Exhibit 7-7.What is the mean square for Lesson Design?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 23

Exhibit 7-10: Choose the appropriate statistic for the following situations. -Refer to Exhibit 7-10.The proportion of teachers who take summer courses is greater than the proportion of businesspersons who take summer courses.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 24

Exhibit 7-2: Label the following characteristics of sampling procedures as convenience, purposive, or quota. -Refer to Exhibit 7-2.Chooses subjects that seem to be typical of the population being studied.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 25

Exhibit 7-11: In a 2 $\times$ 3 experimental design three kinds of treatments (A, B, and C) were used with two groups of subjects (M and N).The number of subjects and the mean of each group are as follows: Treatments =20 =18 =16 =5 =5 =5 subjects =12 =14 =16 =5 =5 =5 The following is the incomplete summary table of multifactor analysis of variance.Complete the table and answer the following questions. Source of variation SS Between columns 0 Between rows 120 Interaction Between groups 200 Within groups Tntal 454 -Refer to Exhibit 7-11.The value of mean square within groups is

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 26

Exhibit 7-7: A group of curriculum designers has developed a new system for teaching phonics to young children.They randomly selected 24 kindergarten students to receive either the old phonics method or the new phonics method.The designers realized that kindergartens have morning and afternoon classes, so they wanted to build this factor into the research design.The following is the mean, standard deviation, and number for each group. Morning Old New 16.33 13.50 1.03 2.74 6 6 Afternoon 13.17 16.83 3.55 2.14 6 6 The following is an incomplete summary table of the analysis of variance: Time of Day 0.042 Lesson Design 1.042 Interaction Error 128.500 Total 102950 -Refer to Exhibit 7-7.What is the F value for the Interaction?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 27

Exhibit 7-4: A group of researchers has developed a method that they hypothesize will improve physics test scores.They randomly selected nine students to participate in their study.The nine students were administered an ACT test, trained in the new method, and then administered an alternate form of the ACT test.The following data are their scores: Subject Test 1 Test 2 1 20 19 2 20 20 3 24 21 4 24 24 5 24 22 6 17 15 7 18 15 8 18 16 9 20 18 -Refer to Exhibit 7-4.What is the null hypothesis?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 28

If a research finding is found to be statistically significant it

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 29

Exhibit 7-6: A group of researchers hypothesizes that listening to music while studying for an exam influences test scores.They randomly selected 28 subjects and divided them into four groups.All groups studied silently for a test for an hour a day for a week.Group 1 studied without music.Group 2 studied with classical music in the background, Group 3 with country, and Group 4 with jazz.The following are the final test scores: Group 1 Group 2 50 59 45 57 42 57 41 55 40 56 39 53 38 51 Group 3 Group 4 60 49 56 45 56 45 55 42 54 41 51 39 50 37 -Refer to Exhibit 7-6.The degrees of freedom for the test are the:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 30

Exhibit 7-8: A pet store owner buys equal amounts of supplies for all types of animals.She wonders if the proportions of her customers are equal or are the same.She collected the following data over a period of a week: Customers 46 48 35 28 28 -Refer to Exhibit 7-8.What are the degrees of freedom for the statistic?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 31

Exhibit 7-2: Label the following characteristics of sampling procedures as convenience, purposive, or quota. -Refer to Exhibit 7-1.Only the first case is randomly selected.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 32

Exhibit 7-6: A group of researchers hypothesizes that listening to music while studying for an exam influences test scores.They randomly selected 28 subjects and divided them into four groups.All groups studied silently for a test for an hour a day for a week.Group 1 studied without music.Group 2 studied with classical music in the background, Group 3 with country, and Group 4 with jazz.The following are the final test scores: Group 1 Group 2 50 59 45 57 42 57 41 55 40 56 39 53 38 51 Group 3 Group 4 60 49 56 45 56 45 55 42 54 41 51 39 50 37 -Refer to Exhibit 7-6.The researchers can conclude that:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 33

Exhibit 7-12: An investigator is studying the effect of two physical fitness programs (M and N) on boys and girls.The experimental design is a 2 * 2 factorial design.The results of the investigation might be one of the following four conditions. Condition (a) Boys =50 =60 Girls =60 =50 Condition (b) Boys =50 =60 Girls =40 =60 Condition (c) Boys =50 =40 Girls =60 =50 Condition (d) None of these condition -Refer to Exhibit 7-12.Which condition shows two possible main effects and a possible interaction effect?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 34

Exhibit 7-2: Label the following characteristics of sampling procedures as convenience, purposive, or quota. -Refer to Exhibit 7-2.Similar to stratified sampling, but without random selection.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 35

The standard error of the mean

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 36

Sampling error will be less when

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 37

If a research study concludes that a new computer-based reading program teaches students how to read more quickly than the old method

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 38

Exhibit 7-9: A group of 100 college students and 100 college graduates was asked to reply to the question, "In general, do you enjoy reading a college textbook?" The following are the results: College Students 30 45 25 Graduates 50 30 20 -Refer to Exhibit 7-9.What is the appropriate statistic for this data?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 39

Inferential statistics are based on the assumption that the selection of cases is based on

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 40

Exhibit 7-10: Choose the appropriate statistic for the following situations. -Refer to Exhibit 7-10.The proportion of teachers who take summer courses is greater than the proportion of businesspersons who take summer courses.

Exhibit 7-2: Label the following characteristics of sampling procedures as convenience, purposive, or quota. -Refer to Exhibit 7-2.Chooses subjects that seem to be typical of the population being studied.

If a research finding is found to be statistically significant it

Exhibit 7-2: Label the following characteristics of sampling procedures as convenience, purposive, or quota. -Refer to Exhibit 7-1.Only the first case is randomly selected.

Exhibit 7-2: Label the following characteristics of sampling procedures as convenience, purposive, or quota. -Refer to Exhibit 7-2.Similar to stratified sampling, but without random selection.

The standard error of the mean

Sampling error will be less when

If a research study concludes that a new computer-based reading program teaches students how to read more quickly than the old method

Inferential statistics are based on the assumption that the selection of cases is based on

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