Question 1

The standard deviation of the population is ____ the standard error of the mean.

Accepted Answer

A)  equal to 
B)  larger than 
C)  smaller than 
D)  not related to 
A)  equal to 
B)  larger than 
C)  smaller than 
D)  not related to

Question 2

Exhibit 7-11: In a 2 $\times$ 3 experimental design three kinds of treatments (A, B, and C) were used with two groups of subjects (M and N).The number of subjects and the mean of each group are as follows:
 $\begin{array}{lll}
&&&\text { Treatments }\
&&\mathrm{A} & \mathrm{B} & \mathrm{C} \
&\mathrm{~M}&\mathrm{X}=20 & \mathrm{X}=18 & \mathrm{X}=16 \
&&\mathrm{~N}=5 & \mathrm{~N}=5 & \mathrm{~N}=5 \
\text { subjects } \
&\mathrm{~N}&\mathrm{X}=12 & \mathrm{X}=14 & \mathrm{X}=16 \
&&\mathrm{~N}=5 & \mathrm{~N}=5 & \mathrm{~N}=5
\end{array}$ 
The following is the incomplete summary table of multifactor analysis of variance.Complete the table and answer the following questions.
 $\begin{array}{ll}
\text { Source of variation } & S S & \underline { \text { df }} & \underline { \text {  MS}} & \underline { \text {   F}}\
\hline \text { Between columns } & 0 \
\text { Between rows } & 120 \
\text { Interaction } & \
\hline \text { Between groups } & 200 \
\text { Within groups } & \
\hline \text { Tntal } & 454
\end{array}$
-Refer to Exhibit 7-11.The number of degrees of freedom for interaction is

Accepted Answer

A)  1. 
B)  2. 
C)  5. 
D)  24. 
A)  1. 
B)  2. 
C)  5. 
D)  24.

Question 3

An administrator will implement a new science curriculum if there is good evidence that it is more effective than the present curriculum.Otherwise he will continue with the present curriculum.The administrator should use a

Accepted Answer

A)  directional test. 
B)  non-directional test. 
C)  difference test. 
D)  non-difference test. 
A)  directional test. 
B)  non-directional test. 
C)  difference test. 
D)  non-difference test.

Question 4

Exhibit 7-4: A group of researchers has developed a method that they hypothesize will improve physics test scores.They randomly selected nine students to participate in their study.The nine students were administered an ACT test, trained in the new method, and then administered an alternate form of the ACT test.The following data are their scores:
 $ \begin{array}{lll}\text {Subject } & {\text {Test 1 }}{} & \text {Test 2 } \ 1 & 20 & 19 \ 2 & 20 & 20 \ 3 & 24 & 21 \ 4 & 24 & 24 \ 5 & 24 & 22 \ 6 & 17 & 15 \ 7 & 18 & 15 \ 8 & 18 & 16 \ 9 & 20&  18\end{array} $
-Refer to Exhibit 7-4.The test is statistically significant at what level?

Accepted Answer

A)  .05 
B)  .01 
C)  .001 
D)  It is not significant. 
A)  .05 
B)  .01 
C)  .001 
D)  It is not significant.

Question 5

Exhibit 7-3: A researcher is examining the effects of a computer-based training program designed to teach algebra.The researcher randomly selects subjects for two groups and gives one group the computer training and the other standard teaching methods to see if the results of the two methods differ.The following scores are from the subjects' final test.
 $ \begin{array}{ll}{\text {CBT }}{} & \text {Control }\ 52 & 65  \ 55 & 45 \ 56 & 47 \ 53 & 46 \ 50 & 47 \ 49 & 33 \ 52 & 39 \ 53 & 49\end{array} $
-Refer to Exhibit 7-3.Which test is most appropriate for these data and hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chi square 
B)  Correlated t-test 
C)  Independent t-test 
D)  Pearson's r 
A)  Chi square 
B)  Correlated t-test 
C)  Independent t-test 
D)  Pearson's r

Question 6

Exhibit 7-3: A researcher is examining the effects of a computer-based training program designed to teach algebra.The researcher randomly selects subjects for two groups and gives one group the computer training and the other standard teaching methods to see if the results of the two methods differ.The following scores are from the subjects' final test.
 $ \begin{array}{ll}{\text {CBT }}{} & \text {Control }\ 52 & 65  \ 55 & 45 \ 56 & 47 \ 53 & 46 \ 50 & 47 \ 49 & 33 \ 52 & 39 \ 53 & 49\end{array} $
-Refer to Exhibit 7-3.The test is statistically significant at what level (two-tailed)?

Accepted Answer

A)  .05 
B)  .01 
C)  .001 
D)  It is not significant. 
A)  .05 
B)  .01 
C)  .001 
D)  It is not significant.

Question 7

Exhibit 7-2: Label the following characteristics of sampling procedures as convenience, purposive, or quota.
-Refer to Exhibit 7-1.Naturally occurring groups are randomly selected.

Accepted Answer

A)  simple random 
B)  stratified 
C)  cluster 
D)  systematic 
A)  simple random 
B)  stratified 
C)  cluster 
D)  systematic

Question 8

Exhibit 7-2: Label the following characteristics of sampling procedures as convenience, purposive, or quota.
-Refer to Exhibit 7-1.Individuals from defined subgroups are sampled.

Accepted Answer

A)  simple random 
B)  stratified 
C)  cluster 
D)  systematic 
A)  simple random 
B)  stratified 
C)  cluster 
D)  systematic

Question 9

Exhibit 7-7: A group of curriculum designers has developed a new system for teaching phonics to young children.They randomly selected 24 kindergarten students to receive either the old phonics method or the new phonics method.The designers realized that kindergartens have morning and afternoon classes, so they wanted to build this factor into the research design.The following is the mean, standard deviation, and number for each group.
$ \begin{array}{lll}\text { Morning } & {\text { Old }}{} & {\text { New }}{} \ & 16.33 & 13.50 \ &1.03 & 2.74 \& 6 & 6 \ \text { Afternoon } & 13.17 & 16.83 \ & 3.55 & 2.14 \ & 6 & 6\end{array} $
The following is an incomplete summary table of the analysis of variance:
 $\begin{array}{ll}
\underline { \text { Source }} & \underline { \text { SS }} & \underline { \text { df }} & \underline { \text {  MS}} & \underline { \text {   F}}\
\text { Time of Day } & 0.042 \
\text { Lesson Design } & 1.042 \
\text { Interaction }\
\text { Error } & 128.500 \
\text { Total } & 102950
\end{array}$
-Refer to Exhibit 7-7.What is the mean square for the Interaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  .042 
B)  1.042 
C)  63.375 
D)  None of these are true. 
A)  .042 
B)  1.042 
C)  63.375 
D)  None of these are true.

Question 10

Exhibit 7-9: A group of 100 college students and 100 college graduates was asked to reply to the question, "In general, do you enjoy reading a college textbook?" The following are the results:
 $\begin{array}{llll} 
& \underline{\text {Yes }}{} &\underline{\text {No }}{} &\underline { Sometimes } \
\text { College Students } & 30 & 45 & 25 \
\text { Graduates } & 50 & 30 & 20
\end{array}$
-Refer to Exhibit 7-9.How many degrees of freedom are there for the statistic?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  5 
D)  1 and 5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  5 
D)  1 and 5

Question 11

After calculating the difference between sample means of all possible samples from a population and the population mean, we would expect the mean of these differences to be

Accepted Answer

A)  equal to the population mean. 
B)  higher or less than the population mean. 
C)  zero. 
D)  None of these are true. 
A)  equal to the population mean. 
B)  higher or less than the population mean. 
C)  zero. 
D)  None of these are true.

Question 12

Exhibit 7-10: Choose the appropriate statistic for the following situations.
-Refer to Exhibit 7-10.Do first-year college students differ from college seniors on a reading attitude scale?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chi Square 
B)  Multifactor Analysis of Variance 
C)  t-test for dependent means 
D)  t-test for independent means 
E)  None of these are true. 
A)  Chi Square 
B)  Multifactor Analysis of Variance 
C)  t-test for dependent means 
D)  t-test for independent means 
E)  None of these are true.

Question 13

The greatest statistical power occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  the sample is small and heterogeneity is small. 
B)  the sample is small and heterogeneity is large. 
C)  the sample is large and heterogeneity is small. 
D)  the sample is large and heterogeneity is large. 
A)  the sample is small and heterogeneity is small. 
B)  the sample is small and heterogeneity is large. 
C)  the sample is large and heterogeneity is small. 
D)  the sample is large and heterogeneity is large.

Question 14

Exhibit 7-7: A group of curriculum designers has developed a new system for teaching phonics to young children.They randomly selected 24 kindergarten students to receive either the old phonics method or the new phonics method.The designers realized that kindergartens have morning and afternoon classes, so they wanted to build this factor into the research design.The following is the mean, standard deviation, and number for each group.
$ \begin{array}{lll}\text { Morning } & {\text { Old }}{} & {\text { New }}{} \ & 16.33 & 13.50 \ &1.03 & 2.74 \& 6 & 6 \ \text { Afternoon } & 13.17 & 16.83 \ & 3.55 & 2.14 \ & 6 & 6\end{array} $
The following is an incomplete summary table of the analysis of variance:
 $\begin{array}{ll}
\underline { \text { Source }} & \underline { \text { SS }} & \underline { \text { df }} & \underline { \text {  MS}} & \underline { \text {   F}}\
\text { Time of Day } & 0.042 \
\text { Lesson Design } & 1.042 \
\text { Interaction }\
\text { Error } & 128.500 \
\text { Total } & 102950
\end{array}$
-Refer to Exhibit 7-7.What is the F value for Time of Day?

Accepted Answer

A)  .006 
B)  .162 
C)  63.375 
D)  None of these are true. 
A)  .006 
B)  .162 
C)  63.375 
D)  None of these are true.

Question 15

Exhibit 7-2: Label the following characteristics of sampling procedures as convenience, purposive, or quota.
-Refer to Exhibit 7-1.Has the greatest sampling error.

Accepted Answer

A)  simple random 
B)  stratified 
C)  cluster 
D)  systematic 
A)  simple random 
B)  stratified 
C)  cluster 
D)  systematic

Question 16

A researcher can guarantee the representativeness of the sample by

Accepted Answer

A)  using stratified random sampling. 
B)  employing simple random sampling procedures. 
C)  using systematic sampling procedures. 
D)  using the whole population. 
A)  using stratified random sampling. 
B)  employing simple random sampling procedures. 
C)  using systematic sampling procedures. 
D)  using the whole population.

Question 17

If a test has been found to be statistically significant at the .05 level, the probability of getting this result by chance alone is

Accepted Answer

A)  exactly 5 times out of 100. 
B)  equal to or more than 5 times out of 100. 
C)  equal to or less than 5 times out of 100. 
D)  more than 5 times out of 1,000. 
A)  exactly 5 times out of 100. 
B)  equal to or more than 5 times out of 100. 
C)  equal to or less than 5 times out of 100. 
D)  more than 5 times out of 1,000.

Question 18

Exhibit 7-9: A group of 100 college students and 100 college graduates was asked to reply to the question, "In general, do you enjoy reading a college textbook?" The following are the results:
 $\begin{array}{llll} 
& \underline{\text {Yes }}{} &\underline{\text {No }}{} &\underline { Sometimes } \
\text { College Students } & 30 & 45 & 25 \
\text { Graduates } & 50 & 30 & 20
\end{array}$
-Refer to Exhibit 7-9.The researcher can conclude that

Accepted Answer

A)  students who have graduated read more than current college students. 
B)  there is not enough evidence to make a decision. 
C)  there is an association between being a student or a graduate and enjoying textbook reading. 
D)  None of these are true. 
A)  students who have graduated read more than current college students. 
B)  there is not enough evidence to make a decision. 
C)  there is an association between being a student or a graduate and enjoying textbook reading. 
D)  None of these are true.

Question 19

Which one of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Type I errors are inherently more serious than Type II errors. 
B)  Type II errors are inherently more serious than Type I errors. 
C)  The relative seriousness of a Type I or a Type II error is a judgment. 
D)  Typically in behavioral sciences, Type II errors are regarded as more serious. 
A)  Type I errors are inherently more serious than Type II errors. 
B)  Type II errors are inherently more serious than Type I errors. 
C)  The relative seriousness of a Type I or a Type II error is a judgment. 
D)  Typically in behavioral sciences, Type II errors are regarded as more serious.

Question 20

The null hypothesis states that

Accepted Answer

A)  the effect of the treatment is negative. 
B)  the apparent relationship between variables is due to chance alone. 
C)  outcomes are affected by the experimental treatment. 
D)  the true relationship between variables can never be known. 
A)  the effect of the treatment is negative. 
B)  the apparent relationship between variables is due to chance alone. 
C)  outcomes are affected by the experimental treatment. 
D)  the true relationship between variables can never be known.

The standard deviation of the population is ____ the standard error of the mean.

An administrator will implement a new science curriculum if there is good evidence that it is more effective than the present curriculum.Otherwise he will continue with the present curriculum.The administrator should use a

Exhibit 7-2: Label the following characteristics of sampling procedures as convenience, purposive, or quota. -Refer to Exhibit 7-1.Naturally occurring groups are randomly selected.

Exhibit 7-2: Label the following characteristics of sampling procedures as convenience, purposive, or quota. -Refer to Exhibit 7-1.Individuals from defined subgroups are sampled.

After calculating the difference between sample means of all possible samples from a population and the population mean, we would expect the mean of these differences to be

Exhibit 7-10: Choose the appropriate statistic for the following situations. -Refer to Exhibit 7-10.Do first-year college students differ from college seniors on a reading attitude scale?

The greatest statistical power occurs when

Exhibit 7-2: Label the following characteristics of sampling procedures as convenience, purposive, or quota. -Refer to Exhibit 7-1.Has the greatest sampling error.

A researcher can guarantee the representativeness of the sample by

If a test has been found to be statistically significant at the .05 level, the probability of getting this result by chance alone is

Exhibit 7-9: A group of 100 college students and 100 college graduates was asked to reply to the question, "In general, do you enjoy reading a college textbook?" The following are the results: College Students 30 45 25 Graduates 50 30 20 -Refer to Exhibit 7-9.The researcher can conclude that

Which one of the following statements is true?

The null hypothesis states that

The Nature of Scientific Inquiry

The Scientific Approach in Education

he Research Problem

Reviewing the Literature

The Hypothesis

Descriptive Statistics

Tools of Research

Validity and Reliability

Experimental Research

Experimental Research Design

Ex Post Facto Research

Correlation Research

Survey Research

Defining and Designing Qualitative Research

Types of Qualitative Research

Analyzing and Reporting Qualitative Research

Action Research

Mixed Methods Research

Guidelines for Writing Research Proposals

Interpreting and Reporting Results of Quantitative Research

Filters

Exam 7: Sampling and Inferential Statistics

The standard deviation of the population is ____ the standard error of the mean.

An administrator will implement a new science curriculum if there is good evidence that it is more effective than the present curriculum.Otherwise he will continue with the present curriculum.The administrator should use a

Exhibit 7-2: Label the following characteristics of sampling procedures as convenience, purposive, or quota. -Refer to Exhibit 7-1.Naturally occurring groups are randomly selected.

Exhibit 7-2: Label the following characteristics of sampling procedures as convenience, purposive, or quota. -Refer to Exhibit 7-1.Individuals from defined subgroups are sampled.

After calculating the difference between sample means of all possible samples from a population and the population mean, we would expect the mean of these differences to be

Exhibit 7-10: Choose the appropriate statistic for the following situations. -Refer to Exhibit 7-10.Do first-year college students differ from college seniors on a reading attitude scale?

The greatest statistical power occurs when

Exhibit 7-2: Label the following characteristics of sampling procedures as convenience, purposive, or quota. -Refer to Exhibit 7-1.Has the greatest sampling error.

A researcher can guarantee the representativeness of the sample by

If a test has been found to be statistically significant at the .05 level, the probability of getting this result by chance alone is

Exhibit 7-9: A group of 100 college students and 100 college graduates was asked to reply to the question, "In general, do you enjoy reading a college textbook?" The following are the results: College Students 30 45 25 Graduates 50 30 20 -Refer to Exhibit 7-9.The researcher can conclude that

Which one of the following statements is true?

The null hypothesis states that

The Nature of Scientific Inquiry

The Scientific Approach in Education

he Research Problem

Reviewing the Literature

The Hypothesis

Descriptive Statistics

Tools of Research

Validity and Reliability

Experimental Research

Experimental Research Design

Ex Post Facto Research

Correlation Research

Survey Research

Defining and Designing Qualitative Research

Types of Qualitative Research

Analyzing and Reporting Qualitative Research

Action Research

Mixed Methods Research

Guidelines for Writing Research Proposals

Interpreting and Reporting Results of Quantitative Research

Filters