Exam 4: Socioemotional Development in Infancy: The First Two Years

Inhibited and uninhibited are synonymous with the terms sociable and shy, respectively.

To study differences between inhibited and uninhibited children, developmental scientists use _______________________ to examine amygdala activity.

There are three patterns of temperament: easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up.

Biologically based individual differences that determine variation in the way individuals respond to the environment references the role of temperament.?

Sylvia prides herself on being neat, orderly, and controlled. Her brother, Gustav, knows himself to be messy, creative, and emotionally wild. Based on these two extremes, we can assume that both have:

According to the __________ hypothesis, infants look to their caregivers to reduce ambiguity and learn appropriate ways to react in novel social situations.

It is important to understand the role of social referencing in the first months of the lifespan because helping an infant ________________can make a significant impact on emotional development across the lifespan.

___________ is successfully resolved when the toddler begins to understand self-control through achievements

Given what you know about the NYLS, which of the following topics is likely to be discussed in an annual report of findings?

Baby Joe's grandma visits him for his 15-month birthday. She gives him a big wet kiss on the cheek. When baby Joe looks in the mirror he reaches up to his face where his grandma left a lipstick mark. Baby Joe:

___________ are two theories developmentalists use to explain why children engage in social referencing.

Researchers collect data on infant self-awareness by putting rouge on a child's nose and observing the age at which the young child will ______________the red rouge mark when he or she looks in a mirror.

____________theory describes a way of understanding how the quality of the caregiver-infant relationship determines the context for emotional, social, and cognitive development during the first years of life.

Harry Harlow looked at attachment using an ethological perspective.

A child's primary attachment figures are typically grandparents.

During early childhood, girls tend to be more _______ compared to boys.

According to developmental scientists, self-awareness emerges when language and cognitive complexity develop.

Piaget believed that infants and young children have no awareness of themselves as separate beings.

Using a caregiver's emotional cue to help understand an uncertain event or stimulus relies on:

Joe is quite often irritable and fussy. His parents observe that he does not do well in new situations, and they complain that he has irregular patterns of eating and sleeping. A developmentalist is likely to conclude that Joe has a(n)__________ temperament.