Exam 4: Socioemotional Development in Infancy: The First Two Years

By early childhood, gender differences generally develop in response to:

Rothbart and the New York Longitudinal Study (NYLS) each described a set of dimensions that each, respectively, fully describe temperament.

The dimension of temperament that describes a tendency toward fear, frustration, sadness, and discomfort is:

The extent to which an infant can deliberately modulate behavioral and emotional responses is determined by the health and maturity of an infant's _______________ -regulation system.

Harry Harlow used baby panda bears to demonstrate attachment.

Janine is a toddler; she increasingly wants to do tasks "on own." Based on her behavior, we can say that Janine is working on resolving:

Most researchers suggest that social awareness doesn't emerge until after the second year of life.

Julie and James have a new son, Charles. When the baby cries during the day, Julie and James are able to soothe and comfort him. However, at night they are both very tired. They have chosen to let Charles "cry it out." The new parents are concerned that they may be undermining his healthy development, so the pediatrician tells them that they should focus on the baby developing __________________, the strength he should be developing at this stage.

Pride, guilt, shame, and empathy are secondary emotions.

Bowlby's work explains the attachment process through

Attachment is a construct that describes an enduring emotional bond that connects a child to caregivers.

Which of these behaviors would a developmental scientist most likely code as 'low' goodness-of-fit?

Ronnie, 10 months old, is very attached to his mother. When Ronnie's mother drops him off at daycare, he cries and demonstrates significant distress. A developmental scientist would conclude that Ronnie is showing typical signs of ______________ anxiety.

The terms ______________ can be used interchangeably with the terms sociable and shy to describe a young child's temperament.

Joelle is 12 weeks old. She often smiles and stares at the people who are talking to her. Based on Bowlby's attachment theory, Joelle in the __________ phase.

_____________ is an example of a primary emotion.

Parents influence the level of goodness-of-fit a child experiences.

An event such as a loud noise is an example of a situation when a child might use social referencing.

Developmental scientists who study temperament consider environmental influences when they create goodness-of-fit indices.

Freud posited a psychosexual stage theory for normal child and adolescent development.