Exam 8: The Adaptive Mind Learning

Learning that involves changes in the magnitude of responses to a specific stimulus is referred to as ____ learning.This type of learning does not involve the formation of connections between stimuli.

Acquiring a prejudice,being creative,and schizophrenia-based loosened associations may reflect which of the following?

Which of the following would decrease the likelihood of acquisition?

What delays the process of extinction?

Elissa,a college freshman,finds that she is starting to smoke,a habit she never had before.She would like to stop smoking now,before the habit becomes too ingrained,but she really enjoys her few cigarettes each day,particularly with coffee after dinner when she relaxes with her friends.She also enjoys a few cigarettes later in the evening if she gets stressed writing a paper or completing an assignment. Using principles of operant conditioning,describe steps that Elissa could take to stop smoking now.Be sure to consider possible reinforcers or punishers that are influencing her current smoking patterns,changes she might make,and appropriate consequences to reinforce new behaviors.

Which of the following methods of behavior modification adheres to the Premack Principle?

When is the matching law most applicable?

Psychologists like B.F.Skinner have studied how we can use operant conditioning to change the behavior of people and animals.Drawing on your personal experience,choose a person or animal whose behavior you want to change.(You may select your own behavior for this question if you wish. )How could you use operant conditioning to change the behavior of this person or animal? In a multi-paragraph essay,describe your plan to change this behavior.Be sure to mention what type of reinforcer and reinforcement schedule you would use and explain why you made those particular choices.Include information from class materials,readings,and research on operant conditioning to support your discussion.

The process of associating a behavior with its consequences is known as ____.

Which of the following approaches would B.F.Skinner recommend to reduce an undesirable behavior?

Based on the findings of Garcia and Koelling,which type of stimuli would be most effective for training birds?

Derek is frustrated that his 1½-year-old dog does not let him know when he needs to go outside to urinate.Sometimes he comes home to find a mess near the door.Which training method is most likely to be successful?

As a gate creaks open,Oscar the puppy notices a cat heading into his yard.The cat hisses and scratches Oscar on the nose,causing Oscar to yelp in pain.Which outcome to this scenario portrays discrimination?

Jenna,who is recovering from drug addiction,attends counseling sessions so that she will no longer associate the sight of a needle and syringe with an expected drug effect.During the counseling sessions,Jenna handles a syringe without receiving any drugs as her counselor pairs a new signal with the sight of the syringe: a favorite song of Jenna's.The method used here illustrates the use of ____.

If people are continuously exposed to an unchanging stimulus that they know will not cause them harm,they will be most likely to ____.

Which of the following behavioral changes best illustrates the process of learning?

What is a key distinction between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

Learning that occurs in the absence of reinforcement is referred to as ____.

Greg,who mainly drank coffee when out with friends,recently quit drinking coffee.However,each time he visits a bar or restaurant with his friends,he has the strong urge to drink a cup of coffee.This is an example of ____.

The rats involved in Skinner's research boxes learned to press levers for food through the process of ____.