Exam 5: Learning

In an experiment,two groups of dogs are given shocks to their feet.One group is able to escape the shocks by jumping over a barrier.The second group is harnessed and cannot escape.After several trials,both groups are put in situations where they CAN escape.The first group escapes the shocks,but the second group just sits and whines,refusing to attempt to escape.The response of the second group is due to:

A primary reinforcer is a stimulus that is reinforcing due to ________; a secondary reinforcer is a stimulus that is reinforcing due to _____________.

You decide that you are going to condition your dog to salivate to the sound of a bell.You sound the bell and then several minutes later you give the dog a biscuit.You do this several times but no conditioning seems to occur.This is probably because:

The tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus is called:

When shaping behaviour,behaviours are ordered and rewarded in smaller steps until the desired response or goal is reached.These smaller step behaviours are called:

What was the conditioned stimulus (CS)in the case of Little Albert?

Which is the most important characteristic of a food that is linked to a conditioned taste aversion for birds?

Your pet parakeet eats some cooked spaghetti noodles.Later the poor bird gets very ill.What would the research on biological preparedness predict?

When Pavlov placed meat powder or other food in the mouths of canine subjects,they began to salivate.The salivation was a/an:

Who was the one of the first researchers to explore and outline the laws of voluntary responses?

Normally,when food is placed in the mouth of any animal,the salivary glands start releasing saliva to help with chewing and digestion.In terms of Pavlov's analysis of learning,salivation would be referred to as a/an:

The partial reinforcement effect refers to the fact that a response that is reinforced after some,but not all,correct responses:

A Skinner box is most likely to be used in research on:

Miranda notices that her cat salivates as soon as her cat hears the sound of the electric can opener.In this example,the sound of the can opener is the:

Which of the following is NOT an example of operant behaviour?

All of the following processes occur in both operant conditioning and classical conditioning EXCEPT:

A discriminative stimulus is best described as:

When we see a stop sign,we are cued to take a certain action: we stop.What type of stimulus is a stop sign?

Similarity is the tendency to perceive:

The person most closely associated with research on learned helplessness is: