Question 1

How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes different?

Accepted Answer

A prokaryote lacks a nucleus a

Question 2

Peter Mitchell and Jennifer Moyle discovered the __________ theory in the 1960s.

Accepted Answer

A)  germplasm 
B)  evolution 
C)  chemiosmotic 
D)  DNA synthesis 
E)  polymerase chain reaction 
A)  germplasm 
B)  evolution 
C)  chemiosmotic 
D)  DNA synthesis 
E)  polymerase chain reaction

Question 3

Give two reasons why microbes have been difficult to classify.

Accepted Answer

First, even with the use of light micros

Question 4

What was the major complaint about Lazzaro Spallanzani's experiment to disprove spontaneous generation, and how did Louis Pasteur's swan-neck flasks overcome this?

Accepted Answer

Spallanzani's flasks were plugged so as

Question 5

Describe the discoveries of Louis Pasteur while working with the French beer and wine manufacturers.

Accepted Answer

Previously, it was believed that the con

Question 6

Briefly describe how the ultracentrifuge is used to determine the sizes of cellular macromolecules.

Accepted Answer

The ultracentrifuge uses centrifugal for

Question 7

The development of the theory of the "RNA world" resulted from the discovery of:

Accepted Answer

A)  archaea 
B)  prions 
C)  bacteria 
D)  ribozymes 
E)  endosymbionts 
A)  archaea 
B)  prions 
C)  bacteria 
D)  ribozymes 
E)  endosymbionts

Question 8

It took the advent of the PCR to detect the presence of the causative agent for which disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  anthrax 
B)  tuberculosis 
C)  AIDS 
D)  rabies 
E)  smallpox 
A)  anthrax 
B)  tuberculosis 
C)  AIDS 
D)  rabies 
E)  smallpox

Question 9

Which of these groups are considered to be microbes but NOT considered to be cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  viruses 
B)  bacteria 
C)  archaea 
D)  protists 
E)  filamentous fungi 
A)  viruses 
B)  bacteria 
C)  archaea 
D)  protists 
E)  filamentous fungi

Question 10

Explain why the organisms that were studied by Sergei Winogradsky could not be grown on Robert Koch's plate media containing agar or gelatin.

Accepted Answer

The organisms studied by Winog

Question 11

In the three-domain model, the bacterial ancestor of mitochondria derives from ancient:

Accepted Answer

A)  fungi 
B)  cyanobacteria 
C)  proteobacteria 
D)  archaea 
E)  protists 
A)  fungi 
B)  cyanobacteria 
C)  proteobacteria 
D)  archaea 
E)  protists

Question 12

How do microbes help in the extraction of minerals?

Accepted Answer

Several lithotrophic bacteria help in th

Question 13

How is most sterilization performed for the controlled study of microbes?

Accepted Answer

A)  boiling 
B)  pasteurization 
C)  filter sterilization 
D)  autoclaving 
E)  irradiation 
A)  boiling 
B)  pasteurization 
C)  filter sterilization 
D)  autoclaving 
E)  irradiation

Question 14

The environment of early Earth may have contained all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  ferrous iron 
B)  methane 
C)  ammonia 
D)  oxygen 
E)  hydrogen gas 
A)  ferrous iron 
B)  methane 
C)  ammonia 
D)  oxygen 
E)  hydrogen gas

Question 15

All of the following are true about penicillin EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  It was discovered by Alexander Fleming. 
B)  It was an accidental discovery. 
C)  It is produced by a bacterium. 
D)  It was the first antibiotic used by humans. 
E)  It was purified by Florey and Chain. 
A)  It was discovered by Alexander Fleming. 
B)  It was an accidental discovery. 
C)  It is produced by a bacterium. 
D)  It was the first antibiotic used by humans. 
E)  It was purified by Florey and Chain.

Question 16

Is it true that only culturable bacteria contribute to ecology? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

No, this is not a True statement. It is

Question 17

How are microbes classified today?

Accepted Answer

A)  comparative genomics 
B)  microscopy 
C)  X-ray diffraction 
D)  protein sequencing 
E)  16S rRNA sequencing 
A)  comparative genomics 
B)  microscopy 
C)  X-ray diffraction 
D)  protein sequencing 
E)  16S rRNA sequencing

Question 18

Analysis of DNA sequences reveals:

Accepted Answer

A)  the ancient convergence of two cell types, i.e., prokaryotes and eukaryotes 
B)  prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolved from a common ancestral cell 
C)  that bacteria share common ancestor with archaea, but not with eukarya 
D)  prokaryotes are cells with a nucleus 
E)  the genome of Haemophilus influenzae has about 2 billion base pairs 
A)  the ancient convergence of two cell types, i.e., prokaryotes and eukaryotes 
B)  prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolved from a common ancestral cell 
C)  that bacteria share common ancestor with archaea, but not with eukarya 
D)  prokaryotes are cells with a nucleus 
E)  the genome of Haemophilus influenzae has about 2 billion base pairs

Question 19

What is the significance of the work of Ignaz Semmelweis and Joseph Lister?

Accepted Answer

They showed that use of antiseptics on d

Question 20

What is the basis for the modern smallpox vaccine?

Accepted Answer

A)  chickenpox virus 
B)  cowpox virus 
C)  rabies virus 
D)  smallpox virus 
E)  anthrax 
A)  chickenpox virus 
B)  cowpox virus 
C)  rabies virus 
D)  smallpox virus 
E)  anthrax

Exam 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes different?

Peter Mitchell and Jennifer Moyle discovered the __________ theory in the 1960s.

Give two reasons why microbes have been difficult to classify.

What was the major complaint about Lazzaro Spallanzani's experiment to disprove spontaneous generation, and how did Louis Pasteur's swan-neck flasks overcome this?

Describe the discoveries of Louis Pasteur while working with the French beer and wine manufacturers.

Briefly describe how the ultracentrifuge is used to determine the sizes of cellular macromolecules.

The development of the theory of the "RNA world" resulted from the discovery of:

It took the advent of the PCR to detect the presence of the causative agent for which disease?

Which of these groups are considered to be microbes but NOT considered to be cells?

Explain why the organisms that were studied by Sergei Winogradsky could not be grown on Robert Koch's plate media containing agar or gelatin.

In the three-domain model, the bacterial ancestor of mitochondria derives from ancient:

How do microbes help in the extraction of minerals?

How is most sterilization performed for the controlled study of microbes?

The environment of early Earth may have contained all of the following EXCEPT:

All of the following are true about penicillin EXCEPT:

Is it true that only culturable bacteria contribute to ecology? Explain your answer.

How are microbes classified today?

Analysis of DNA sequences reveals:

What is the significance of the work of Ignaz Semmelweis and Joseph Lister?

What is the basis for the modern smallpox vaccine?

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Bio-techniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

What Do Winning Organizations Do Well

Understanding Customer Needs

Choosing Which Customers to Serve

Developing a Strong Marketing Plan

Product and Brand Strategies

Pricing Strategies

Channel Strategies

Marketing Communications Strategies

Delivering Customer Value

Building a Customer-Focused Business

Customer Attraction, Satisfaction, and Retention Strategies

Building the Marketing Organization of the Future

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