Question 1

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek worked as a cloth draper, inspecting the quality of cloth. How did this lead to his interest in microscopy?

Accepted Answer

Briefly, his work introduced h

Question 2

What is used to focus the beam of electrons in an electron microscope?

Accepted Answer

A)  electromagnets 
B)  condenser lens 
C)  light rays 
D)  X-ray diffraction 
E)  glass 
A)  electromagnets 
B)  condenser lens 
C)  light rays 
D)  X-ray diffraction 
E)  glass

Question 3

Early metabolism may have been catalyzed by:

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  RNA 
C)  protein 
D)  amino acids 
E)  carbohydrates 
A)  DNA 
B)  RNA 
C)  protein 
D)  amino acids 
E)  carbohydrates

Question 4

Which one of the following statements regarding viruses is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are too small to be seen by a light microscope. 
B)  They are "filterable agents" that can pass through porcelain filters having a pore size that blocks microbes. 
C)  Their genomes could be composed of DNA or RNA. 
D)  They are smaller than viroids and prions. 
E)  Viral particles, when pure enough, can be crystallized. 
A)  They are too small to be seen by a light microscope. 
B)  They are "filterable agents" that can pass through porcelain filters having a pore size that blocks microbes. 
C)  Their genomes could be composed of DNA or RNA. 
D)  They are smaller than viroids and prions. 
E)  Viral particles, when pure enough, can be crystallized.

Question 5

What were the contributions of Rosalind Franklin toward discovering the structure of DNA and why wasn't she one of the recipients of the Nobel Prize for this discovery?

Accepted Answer

She was an X-ray crystallographer who st

Question 6

Which group of microorganisms includes many that grow in extreme environments?

Accepted Answer

A)  algae 
B)  bacteria 
C)  protists 
D)  archaea 
E)  fungi 
A)  algae 
B)  bacteria 
C)  protists 
D)  archaea 
E)  fungi

Question 7

Describe the effects of three microbial diseases that have significantly affected human populations throughout history.

Accepted Answer

Answers may vary. Some examples include

Question 8

The first cellular genomes to be sequenced were those of:

Accepted Answer

A)  humans 
B)  bacteria 
C)  viruses 
D)  prions 
E)  fungi 
A)  humans 
B)  bacteria 
C)  viruses 
D)  prions 
E)  fungi

Question 9

Robert Koch's greatest accomplishment in the field of medical bacteriology was with:

Accepted Answer

A)  Escherichia coli 
B)  Bacillus subtilis 
C)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
D)  rabies 
E)  smallpox 
A)  Escherichia coli 
B)  Bacillus subtilis 
C)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
D)  rabies 
E)  smallpox

Question 10

You have isolated a bacterium that you believe to be the causative agent of a new disease in frogs. How would you test the third of Koch's postulates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Determine the shape of the bacterial cells. 
B)  Inject the bacteria into a healthy frog. 
C)  Isolate the bacterium from a sick frog. 
D)  Show that the bacterium is not present in healthy frogs. 
E)  Grow a pure culture of the bacterium outside the frog. 
A)  Determine the shape of the bacterial cells. 
B)  Inject the bacteria into a healthy frog. 
C)  Isolate the bacterium from a sick frog. 
D)  Show that the bacterium is not present in healthy frogs. 
E)  Grow a pure culture of the bacterium outside the frog.

Question 11

The word "vaccination" is derived from the Latin word vacca, which means:

Accepted Answer

A)  inject 
B)  smallpox 
C)  immunize 
D)  cow 
E)  pustule 
A)  inject 
B)  smallpox 
C)  immunize 
D)  cow 
E)  pustule

Question 12

Which of the following can safely be ingested to fight bacterial infections?

Accepted Answer

A)  antiseptics 
B)  disinfectants 
C)  phenol 
D)  chlorine 
E)  antibiotics 
A)  antiseptics 
B)  disinfectants 
C)  phenol 
D)  chlorine 
E)  antibiotics

Question 13

What is the most recent evidence suggesting that all life on Earth shares a common ancestry?

Accepted Answer

Many genomes have now been sequenced and

Question 14

The Asilomar Conference was held to regulate and restrict the field of:

Accepted Answer

A)  recombinant DNA 
B)  comparative genomics 
C)  DNA sequencing 
D)  DNA amplification 
E)  forensic microbiology 
A)  recombinant DNA 
B)  comparative genomics 
C)  DNA sequencing 
D)  DNA amplification 
E)  forensic microbiology

Question 15

Who developed the concept of medical statistics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Francis Crick 
B)  Florence Nightingale 
C)  Edward Jenner 
D)  Louis Pasteur 
E)  Alexander Fleming 
A)  Francis Crick 
B)  Florence Nightingale 
C)  Edward Jenner 
D)  Louis Pasteur 
E)  Alexander Fleming

Question 16

Robert Koch's postulates have not been used to prove HIV as the causative agent of AIDS. Why not?

Accepted Answer

Answers may vary, but a major

Question 17

Which technique was developed to distinguish bacteria from human cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gram stain 
B)  electron microscopy 
C)  X-ray diffraction 
D)  DNA sequencing 
E)  polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 
A)  Gram stain 
B)  electron microscopy 
C)  X-ray diffraction 
D)  DNA sequencing 
E)  polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Question 18

Why did it take so long for humans to determine that microbes cause infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Microbes are too small to be seen with t

Question 19

The first person to visualize individual microbes was:

Accepted Answer

A)  Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 
B)  Robert Hooke 
C)  Louis Pasteur 
D)  Lady Montagu 
E)  Edward Jenner 
A)  Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 
B)  Robert Hooke 
C)  Louis Pasteur 
D)  Lady Montagu 
E)  Edward Jenner

Question 20

The use of agar as the gelling agent in solid media was suggested by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Robert Koch 
B)  Ignaz Semmelweis 
C)  Angelina Hesse 
D)  Louis Pasteur 
E)  Richard Petri 
A)  Robert Koch 
B)  Ignaz Semmelweis 
C)  Angelina Hesse 
D)  Louis Pasteur 
E)  Richard Petri

Exam 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek worked as a cloth draper, inspecting the quality of cloth. How did this lead to his interest in microscopy?

What is used to focus the beam of electrons in an electron microscope?

Early metabolism may have been catalyzed by:

Which one of the following statements regarding viruses is FALSE?

What were the contributions of Rosalind Franklin toward discovering the structure of DNA and why wasn't she one of the recipients of the Nobel Prize for this discovery?

Which group of microorganisms includes many that grow in extreme environments?

Describe the effects of three microbial diseases that have significantly affected human populations throughout history.

The first cellular genomes to be sequenced were those of:

Robert Koch's greatest accomplishment in the field of medical bacteriology was with:

You have isolated a bacterium that you believe to be the causative agent of a new disease in frogs. How would you test the third of Koch's postulates?

The word "vaccination" is derived from the Latin word vacca, which means:

Which of the following can safely be ingested to fight bacterial infections?

What is the most recent evidence suggesting that all life on Earth shares a common ancestry?

The Asilomar Conference was held to regulate and restrict the field of:

Who developed the concept of medical statistics?

Robert Koch's postulates have not been used to prove HIV as the causative agent of AIDS. Why not?

Which technique was developed to distinguish bacteria from human cells?

Why did it take so long for humans to determine that microbes cause infectious diseases?

The first person to visualize individual microbes was:

The use of agar as the gelling agent in solid media was suggested by:

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Bio-techniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

What Do Winning Organizations Do Well

Understanding Customer Needs

Choosing Which Customers to Serve

Developing a Strong Marketing Plan

Product and Brand Strategies

Pricing Strategies

Channel Strategies

Marketing Communications Strategies

Delivering Customer Value

Building a Customer-Focused Business

Customer Attraction, Satisfaction, and Retention Strategies

Building the Marketing Organization of the Future

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