Question 1

__________ are responsible for the carbon-fixation component of the carbon cycle.

Accepted Answer

A)  Heterotrophs 
B)  Symbionts 
C)  Autotrophs 
D)  Chemotrophs 
E)  Organotrophs 
A)  Heterotrophs 
B)  Symbionts 
C)  Autotrophs 
D)  Chemotrophs 
E)  Organotrophs

Question 2

Which of the following statements is false about the E. coli phosphotransferase system (PTS)?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Enzyme II complex is specific to the substrates being transported. 
B)  The substrate is phosphorylated during transport by PTS, making it different from the external substrate; thus, the substrate always travels down its concentration gradient. 
C)  The phosphate group transferred to the sugar comes from phosphoenolpyruvate. 
D)  The PTS transport requires energy in the form of ATP. 
E)  The system has a modular design that accommodates different substrates. 
A)  The Enzyme II complex is specific to the substrates being transported. 
B)  The substrate is phosphorylated during transport by PTS, making it different from the external substrate; thus, the substrate always travels down its concentration gradient. 
C)  The phosphate group transferred to the sugar comes from phosphoenolpyruvate. 
D)  The PTS transport requires energy in the form of ATP. 
E)  The system has a modular design that accommodates different substrates.

Question 3

Growth of most microorganisms occurs by:

Accepted Answer

A)  budding 
B)  binary fission 
C)  replication 
D)  conjugation 
E)  transformation 
A)  budding 
B)  binary fission 
C)  replication 
D)  conjugation 
E)  transformation

Question 4

Quorum sensing begins during which growth stage?

Accepted Answer

A)  lag 
B)  early log 
C)  late log 
D)  stationary 
E)  death 
A)  lag 
B)  early log 
C)  late log 
D)  stationary 
E)  death

Question 5

E. coli adjusts to the stationary phase by doing all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease its size 
B)  synthesize enzymes to handle oxygen radicals 
C)  synthesize proteins to protect DNA and proteins 
D)  increase peptidoglycan cross-linking 
E)  form spores 
A)  decrease its size 
B)  synthesize enzymes to handle oxygen radicals 
C)  synthesize proteins to protect DNA and proteins 
D)  increase peptidoglycan cross-linking 
E)  form spores

Question 6

Mannitol salt agar (MSA) contains 7.5% NaCl, the carbohydrate mannitol, and the pH indicator phenol red. Some organisms can ferment mannitol, producing acids as a by-product. Is this medium likely to be selective and/or differential? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Since MSA has such a high percentage of

Question 7

Which of the following represents small molecules that fit into specific enzymes and aid in the catalytic process?

Accepted Answer

A)  essential nutrients 
B)  macronutrients 
C)  micronutrients 
D)  cofactors 
E)  substrates 
A)  essential nutrients 
B)  macronutrients 
C)  micronutrients 
D)  cofactors 
E)  substrates

Question 8

What type of medium and conditions would you need to have in order to select for photoautotrophs?

Accepted Answer

Phototrophs can generate energy from abs

Question 9

Which of the following is true of all biofilms?

Accepted Answer

A)  They only contain a single species. 
B)  The EPS may be protein or polysaccharide. 
C)  Cells in the biofilm are dormant until the bacteria leave the biofilm. 
D)  The EPS is secreted by the bacteria. 
E)  It is a continuous monolayer surface deposit. 
A)  They only contain a single species. 
B)  The EPS may be protein or polysaccharide. 
C)  Cells in the biofilm are dormant until the bacteria leave the biofilm. 
D)  The EPS is secreted by the bacteria. 
E)  It is a continuous monolayer surface deposit.

Question 10

Why does binary fission result in an exponential and not a linear growth rate?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria replicate by binary fission. In

Question 11

You are measuring growth in a bacterial culture. The number of viable cells remains constant, and when you check the medium, you find that the carbon source has been used up. What phase of growth is the culture in?

Accepted Answer

A)  lag phase 
B)  early log phase 
C)  late log phase 
D)  stationary phase 
E)  death phase 
A)  lag phase 
B)  early log phase 
C)  late log phase 
D)  stationary phase 
E)  death phase

Question 12

What type of growth pattern is represented here: 5* 103; 1 * 104; 2 *0 104; 4 * 104; 8 *104?

Accepted Answer

A)  linear 
B)  exponential 
C)  lag 
D)  generation 
E)  semilogarithmic 
A)  linear 
B)  exponential 
C)  lag 
D)  generation 
E)  semilogarithmic

Question 13

All known microorganisms have a set of genes coding for __________, whose DNA sequences are highly conserved across the phylogenetic tree.

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosomes 
B)  chloroplasts 
C)  enzymes 
D)  cell membranes 
E)  cell walls 
A)  ribosomes 
B)  chloroplasts 
C)  enzymes 
D)  cell membranes 
E)  cell walls

Question 14

__________ intercalates between DNA bases, causing dead cells to stain red under a fluorescence scope.

Accepted Answer

A)  Propidium iodide 
B)  Syto-9 
C)  Ethidium bromide 
D)  Crystal violet 
E)  Safranin 
A)  Propidium iodide 
B)  Syto-9 
C)  Ethidium bromide 
D)  Crystal violet 
E)  Safranin

Question 15

A microbial population explosion results from the sudden availability of:

Accepted Answer

A)  water 
B)  oxygen 
C)  food 
D)  sunlight 
E)  prey 
A)  water 
B)  oxygen 
C)  food 
D)  sunlight 
E)  prey

Question 16

Discuss some disadvantages of viable counts of microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

Colony counting will not reflect the siz

Question 17

Which form of transport occurs only in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  facilitated diffusion 
B)  ABC transport 
C)  siderophores 
D)  group translocation 
E)  endocytosis 
A)  facilitated diffusion 
B)  ABC transport 
C)  siderophores 
D)  group translocation 
E)  endocytosis

Question 18

What are some specific problems that biofilms can cause in the medical field, and why are they so difficult to prevent and destroy?

Accepted Answer

Biofilms can grow in medical devices suc

Question 19

A(n) __________ is an organism that lives in a close and mutually beneficial association with a second organism.

Accepted Answer

A)  commensal 
B)  parasite 
C)  heterocyst 
D)  endospore 
E)  symbiont 
A)  commensal 
B)  parasite 
C)  heterocyst 
D)  endospore 
E)  symbiont

Question 20

A cafeteria worker who fails to wash his hands thoroughly and fails to wear gloves inoculates a quiche with four E. coli cells when he uses his finger to test whether it is done. By the time you purchase the quiche, there are 128 E. coli cells in it. How many generations did the cells go through?

Accepted Answer

A)  4 
B)  5 
C)  8 
D)  32 
E)  64 
A)  4 
B)  5 
C)  8 
D)  32 
E)  64

Exam 4: Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

__________ are responsible for the carbon-fixation component of the carbon cycle.

Which of the following statements is false about the E. coli phosphotransferase system (PTS)?

Growth of most microorganisms occurs by:

Quorum sensing begins during which growth stage?

E. coli adjusts to the stationary phase by doing all of the following EXCEPT:

Mannitol salt agar (MSA) contains 7.5% NaCl, the carbohydrate mannitol, and the pH indicator phenol red. Some organisms can ferment mannitol, producing acids as a by-product. Is this medium likely to be selective and/or differential? Explain.

Which of the following represents small molecules that fit into specific enzymes and aid in the catalytic process?

What type of medium and conditions would you need to have in order to select for photoautotrophs?

Which of the following is true of all biofilms?

Why does binary fission result in an exponential and not a linear growth rate?

You are measuring growth in a bacterial culture. The number of viable cells remains constant, and when you check the medium, you find that the carbon source has been used up. What phase of growth is the culture in?

What type of growth pattern is represented here: 5* 103; 1 * 104; 2 *0 104; 4 * 104; 8 *104?

All known microorganisms have a set of genes coding for __________, whose DNA sequences are highly conserved across the phylogenetic tree.

__________ intercalates between DNA bases, causing dead cells to stain red under a fluorescence scope.

A microbial population explosion results from the sudden availability of:

Discuss some disadvantages of viable counts of microorganisms.

Which form of transport occurs only in eukaryotes?

What are some specific problems that biofilms can cause in the medical field, and why are they so difficult to prevent and destroy?

A(n) __________ is an organism that lives in a close and mutually beneficial association with a second organism.

A cafeteria worker who fails to wash his hands thoroughly and fails to wear gloves inoculates a quiche with four E. coli cells when he uses his finger to test whether it is done. By the time you purchase the quiche, there are 128 E. coli cells in it. How many generations did the cells go through?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Bio-techniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

What Do Winning Organizations Do Well

Understanding Customer Needs

Choosing Which Customers to Serve

Developing a Strong Marketing Plan

Product and Brand Strategies

Pricing Strategies

Channel Strategies

Marketing Communications Strategies

Delivering Customer Value

Building a Customer-Focused Business

Customer Attraction, Satisfaction, and Retention Strategies

Building the Marketing Organization of the Future

Filters

What type of growth pattern is represented here: 5* 10³; 1 * 10⁴; 2 0 10⁴; 4 10⁴; 8 *10⁴?