Question 1

When the intracellular iron concentration is low, iron-scavenging molecules called __________ are produced.

Accepted Answer

A)  siderophores 
B)  endospores 
C)  heterocysts 
D)  mycelia 
E)  quorum sensors 
A)  siderophores 
B)  endospores 
C)  heterocysts 
D)  mycelia 
E)  quorum sensors

Question 2

By themselves, heterotrophs would deplete the world of __________ sources and starve to death.

Accepted Answer

A)  usable nitrogen 
B)  organic carbon 
C)  water 
D)  energy 
E)  oxygen 
A)  usable nitrogen 
B)  organic carbon 
C)  water 
D)  energy 
E)  oxygen

Question 3

Which of the following is a micronutrient?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon 
B)  nitrogen 
C)  sulfur 
D)  calcium 
E)  zinc 
A)  carbon 
B)  nitrogen 
C)  sulfur 
D)  calcium 
E)  zinc

Question 4

__________ are specific nutrients that are NOT required by all cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  Macronutrients 
B)  Micronutrients 
C)  Growth factors 
D)  Trace elements 
E)  Essential nutrients 
A)  Macronutrients 
B)  Micronutrients 
C)  Growth factors 
D)  Trace elements 
E)  Essential nutrients

Question 5

A(n) __________ cell loses membrane integrity and cannot carry out the simple transport functions needed to support life.

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarized 
B)  endospore 
C)  planktonic 
D)  heterocyst 
E)  dormant 
A)  depolarized 
B)  endospore 
C)  planktonic 
D)  heterocyst 
E)  dormant

Question 6

In which case would the shortest lag period most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

A)  transfer from complex medium to fresh complex medium 
B)  transfer from complex medium to minimal medium 
C)  transfer to a lower temperature 
D)  transfer to a different pH 
E)  transfer to a different salt concentration 
A)  transfer from complex medium to fresh complex medium 
B)  transfer from complex medium to minimal medium 
C)  transfer to a lower temperature 
D)  transfer to a different pH 
E)  transfer to a different salt concentration

Question 7

When using the LIVE/DEAD staining procedure, how can you distinguish live versus dead cells, and why do they appear in different colors?

Accepted Answer

Two fluorescent dyes are used, propidium

Question 8

How does Anabaena overcome the challenge of performing both photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation?

Accepted Answer

The autotrophic cyanobacteria Anabaena c

Question 9

You have isolated a bacterium from the rumen of a cow and wish to know how it transports glucose into the cell. You perform an experiment that shows uptake of radioactively labeled glucose is equal when the organism is grown in media in the presence and absence of inhibitors of energy production. What is the mechanism of glucose transport in this cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  group translocation 
B)  diffusion 
C)  facilitated diffusion 
D)  active transport 
E)  endocytosis 
A)  group translocation 
B)  diffusion 
C)  facilitated diffusion 
D)  active transport 
E)  endocytosis

Question 10

Explain the difference between electrogenic and electroneutral coupled transport and give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

Electrogenic coupled transport results i

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT true about the substrate-binding protein (SBP) of the ABC transport system?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is found in the periplasm of Gram-negative cells. 
B)  It is found tethered in Gram-positive cells. 
C)  It binds to the periplasmic face of the channel and releases the solute. 
D)  It snags the appropriate solute. 
E)  It is required for both the uptake and efflux systems. 
A)  It is found in the periplasm of Gram-negative cells. 
B)  It is found tethered in Gram-positive cells. 
C)  It binds to the periplasmic face of the channel and releases the solute. 
D)  It snags the appropriate solute. 
E)  It is required for both the uptake and efflux systems.

Question 12

__________ form the base of the marine food chain.

Accepted Answer

A)  Protists 
B)  Small fish 
C)  Sunlight 
D)  Cyanobacteria 
E)  Heterotrophs 
A)  Protists 
B)  Small fish 
C)  Sunlight 
D)  Cyanobacteria 
E)  Heterotrophs

Question 13

Define the terms "viable" and "viable but nonculturable." Why are so many environmental organisms believed to be viable but nonculturable?

Accepted Answer

Viable means that it is possible to grow

Question 14

Which term refers to the condition in which a culture covers the entire plate surface?

Accepted Answer

A)  dilution streaking 
B)  spread plate 
C)  confluent 
D)  microcolony 
E)  colony 
A)  dilution streaking 
B)  spread plate 
C)  confluent 
D)  microcolony 
E)  colony

Question 15

Which of the following genera does NOT undergo differentiation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anabaena 
B)  Bacillus 
C)  Clostridium 
D)  Escherichia 
E)  Streptomyces 
A)  Anabaena 
B)  Bacillus 
C)  Clostridium 
D)  Escherichia 
E)  Streptomyces

Question 16

All of the following are true about the MacConkey medium EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  It is selective. 
B)  It is differential. 
C)  It is both selective and differential. 
D)  It contains bile salts. 
E)  Lactose fermenters appear colorless. 
A)  It is selective. 
B)  It is differential. 
C)  It is both selective and differential. 
D)  It contains bile salts. 
E)  Lactose fermenters appear colorless.

Question 17

__________ are free-living organisms that grow and multiply on their own.

Accepted Answer

A)  Endospores 
B)  Parasites 
C)  Symbionts 
D)  Planktonic cells 
E)  Heterocyst cells 
A)  Endospores 
B)  Parasites 
C)  Symbionts 
D)  Planktonic cells 
E)  Heterocyst cells

Question 18

Siderophore-iron complexes enter cells with the help of:

Accepted Answer

A)  porins 
B)  diffusion 
C)  aquaporins 
D)  ABC transporters 
E)  efflux pumps 
A)  porins 
B)  diffusion 
C)  aquaporins 
D)  ABC transporters 
E)  efflux pumps

Question 19

Describe the differences between batch culture and growth in a chemostat. What are the advantages of a chemostat?

Accepted Answer

Batch culture represents growth in a clo

Question 20

E. coli reprograms during the stationary phase. What are some of the things it does to protect itself?

Accepted Answer

It decreases its size so that less nutri

Exam 4: Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

When the intracellular iron concentration is low, iron-scavenging molecules called __________ are produced.

By themselves, heterotrophs would deplete the world of __________ sources and starve to death.

Which of the following is a micronutrient?

__________ are specific nutrients that are NOT required by all cells.

A(n) __________ cell loses membrane integrity and cannot carry out the simple transport functions needed to support life.

In which case would the shortest lag period most likely be observed?

When using the LIVE/DEAD staining procedure, how can you distinguish live versus dead cells, and why do they appear in different colors?

How does Anabaena overcome the challenge of performing both photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation?

Explain the difference between electrogenic and electroneutral coupled transport and give an example of each.

Which of the following is NOT true about the substrate-binding protein (SBP) of the ABC transport system?

__________ form the base of the marine food chain.

Define the terms "viable" and "viable but nonculturable." Why are so many environmental organisms believed to be viable but nonculturable?

Which term refers to the condition in which a culture covers the entire plate surface?

Which of the following genera does NOT undergo differentiation?

All of the following are true about the MacConkey medium EXCEPT:

__________ are free-living organisms that grow and multiply on their own.

Siderophore-iron complexes enter cells with the help of:

Describe the differences between batch culture and growth in a chemostat. What are the advantages of a chemostat?

E. coli reprograms during the stationary phase. What are some of the things it does to protect itself?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Bio-techniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

What Do Winning Organizations Do Well

Understanding Customer Needs

Choosing Which Customers to Serve

Developing a Strong Marketing Plan

Product and Brand Strategies

Pricing Strategies

Channel Strategies

Marketing Communications Strategies

Delivering Customer Value

Building a Customer-Focused Business

Customer Attraction, Satisfaction, and Retention Strategies

Building the Marketing Organization of the Future

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