Question 1

How does photosystem I allow Chlorobium and other green sulfur bacteria to live near deep-sea vents?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic photosystem I contains bacteri

Question 2

Alkaliphiles maintain an inverted pH gradient in which:

Accepted Answer

A)  the pH in their immediate environment is lower than the cytoplasmic pH 
B)  their immediate environment has a pH several units above that of the cytoplasm 
C)  pH in the immediate environment is equal to that of the cytoplasm 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  the pH in their immediate environment is lower than the cytoplasmic pH 
B)  their immediate environment has a pH several units above that of the cytoplasm 
C)  pH in the immediate environment is equal to that of the cytoplasm 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 3

In marine sediments, CO2 is reduced to CH4 by:

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria containing proteorhodopsin 
B)  oxygenic cyanobacteria 
C)  methanotrophic archaea 
D)  methanogenic archaea 
E)  none of the above 
A)  bacteria containing proteorhodopsin 
B)  oxygenic cyanobacteria 
C)  methanotrophic archaea 
D)  methanogenic archaea 
E)  none of the above

Question 4

How does bacteriorhodopsin couple photoexcitation with proton pumping? How is ATP synthesized in bacteriorhodopsin-containing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Bacteriorhodopsin is an integral membran

Question 5

The chlorophyll chromophore consists of a heteroaromatic ring complexed to a:

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium ion 
B)  chloride ion 
C)  magnesium ion 
D)  manganese ion 
E)  potassium ion 
A)  calcium ion 
B)  chloride ion 
C)  magnesium ion 
D)  manganese ion 
E)  potassium ion

Question 6

Explain what kind of reaction bacteriorhodopsin performs and what it accomplishes for the cell. What is the name of the bacteriorhodopsin homologs, in what type of organisms were they identified, and what led to their discovery?

Accepted Answer

Bacteriorhodopsin absorbs light and goes

Question 7

The Fo portion of Escherichia coli ATP synthase that rotates while translocating protons is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the $\gamma$ drive shaft 
B)  the $\alpha$ proton channel 
C)  a ring of 12 c subunits 
D)  an $\alpha$$\beta$-subunit 
E)  none of the above 
A)  the $\gamma$ drive shaft 
B)  the $\alpha$ proton channel 
C)  a ring of 12 c subunits 
D)  an $\alpha$$\beta$-subunit 
E)  none of the above

Question 8

Describe the role of the thylakoids in purple bacteria. Why is it that pumping protons into the lumen is essentially equivalent to pumping protons out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

In bacteria, thylakoids are invagination

Question 9

In Gram-negative bacteria, the ETS is embedded in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  inner membrane 
B)  cell wall 
C)  periplasm 
D)  outer membrane 
E)  none of the above 
A)  inner membrane 
B)  cell wall 
C)  periplasm 
D)  outer membrane 
E)  none of the above

Question 10

The chemiosmotic model does NOT explain synthesis of ATP in:

Accepted Answer

A)  the chloroplast thylakoid membrane 
B)  the inner mitochondrial membrane 
C)  substrate-level phosphorylations 
D)  the purple bacteria thylakoids 
E)  inner membranes of Gram-negative bacteria 
A)  the chloroplast thylakoid membrane 
B)  the inner mitochondrial membrane 
C)  substrate-level phosphorylations 
D)  the purple bacteria thylakoids 
E)  inner membranes of Gram-negative bacteria

Question 11

In some electron carriers, small energy transitions may involve cofactors such as:

Accepted Answer

A)  dehydrogenase and oxidases 
B)  heteroatom and peptide bonds 
C)  metal ions, conjugated bonds, and heteroaromatic rings 
D)  none of the above 
E)  all of the above 
A)  dehydrogenase and oxidases 
B)  heteroatom and peptide bonds 
C)  metal ions, conjugated bonds, and heteroaromatic rings 
D)  none of the above 
E)  all of the above

Question 12

What could be the advantages of having a Na+-pumping oxidoreductase in pathogens such as Vibrio cholerae and Yersinia pestis?

Accepted Answer

These microorganisms use an NADH dehydro

Question 13

Sulfolobus species produce __________; as a result, their immediate environment has a pH as low as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  H2SO4; 2 
B)  H3PO4; 0 
C)  HCl; 1 
D)  CH3COO-; 4 
E)  none of the above 
A)  H2SO4; 2 
B)  H3PO4; 0 
C)  HCl; 1 
D)  CH3COO-; 4 
E)  none of the above

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respirations?

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrate 
B)  nitrite 
C)  sulfate 
D)  carbon dioxide 
E)  hydrogen sulfide 
A)  nitrate 
B)  nitrite 
C)  sulfate 
D)  carbon dioxide 
E)  hydrogen sulfide

Question 15

Briefly discuss what factors may affect the relative contributions of the membrane potential ($\Delta$$\varPsi$) and the proton gradient ($\Delta$pH) to $\Delta$p.

Accepted Answer

Besides H⁺, the electrical potential (@#LAT-DLM&@#LAT-DLM&inc

Question 16

NADH + H+ has more reducing power than FADH2, therefore:

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidation of NADH will contribute to form a larger $\Delta$p and more ATP 
B)  oxidation of FADH2 by respiratory ETS contributes less to $\Delta$p formation, and as a consequence fewer ATP can be made 
C)  the NADH + H+/NAD+ redox pair has a more negative E°' value than the FAD/FADH2 pair 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  oxidation of NADH will contribute to form a larger $\Delta$p and more ATP 
B)  oxidation of FADH2 by respiratory ETS contributes less to $\Delta$p formation, and as a consequence fewer ATP can be made 
C)  the NADH + H+/NAD+ redox pair has a more negative E°' value than the FAD/FADH2 pair 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 17

Is the synthesis of ATP by the F1Fo ATPase reversible? If so, are there any examples?

Accepted Answer

Generation of ATP by the F₁F_o ATPase is co

Question 18

In dehalorespiration of chlorinated pollutants, the chlorine is removed and replaced by:

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen 
B)  oxygen 
C)  nitrogen 
D)  sulfur 
E)  ammonia 
A)  hydrogen 
B)  oxygen 
C)  nitrogen 
D)  sulfur 
E)  ammonia

Question 19

Bacterial activity in Earth's crust may have deposited most of the gold through the process of:

Accepted Answer

A)  reduction of hydrosoluble Au3+ 
B)  oxidation of Au3+ 
C)  oxidation of gold ores 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  reduction of hydrosoluble Au3+ 
B)  oxidation of Au3+ 
C)  oxidation of gold ores 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 20

In the electron transport system, each cytochrome receives the electrons from a stronger __________ and transfers them to a stronger __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen compound series; sulfur compound series 
B)  reductant; oxidant 
C)  inorganic donor; organic donor 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  nitrogen compound series; sulfur compound series 
B)  reductant; oxidant 
C)  inorganic donor; organic donor 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Exam 14: Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

How does photosystem I allow Chlorobium and other green sulfur bacteria to live near deep-sea vents?

Alkaliphiles maintain an inverted pH gradient in which:

In marine sediments, CO2 is reduced to CH4 by:

How does bacteriorhodopsin couple photoexcitation with proton pumping? How is ATP synthesized in bacteriorhodopsin-containing organisms?

The chlorophyll chromophore consists of a heteroaromatic ring complexed to a:

Explain what kind of reaction bacteriorhodopsin performs and what it accomplishes for the cell. What is the name of the bacteriorhodopsin homologs, in what type of organisms were they identified, and what led to their discovery?

The Fo portion of Escherichia coli ATP synthase that rotates while translocating protons is:

Describe the role of the thylakoids in purple bacteria. Why is it that pumping protons into the lumen is essentially equivalent to pumping protons out of the cell?

In Gram-negative bacteria, the ETS is embedded in the:

The chemiosmotic model does NOT explain synthesis of ATP in:

In some electron carriers, small energy transitions may involve cofactors such as:

What could be the advantages of having a Na+-pumping oxidoreductase in pathogens such as Vibrio cholerae and Yersinia pestis?

Sulfolobus species produce __________; as a result, their immediate environment has a pH as low as __________.

Which of the following is NOT a terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respirations?

Briefly discuss what factors may affect the relative contributions of the membrane potential ( Δ\DeltaΔΨ\varPsiΨ ) and the proton gradient ( Δ\DeltaΔ pH) to Δ\DeltaΔ p.

NADH + H+ has more reducing power than FADH2, therefore:

Is the synthesis of ATP by the F1Fo ATPase reversible? If so, are there any examples?

In dehalorespiration of chlorinated pollutants, the chlorine is removed and replaced by:

Bacterial activity in Earth's crust may have deposited most of the gold through the process of:

In the electron transport system, each cytochrome receives the electrons from a stronger __________ and transfers them to a stronger __________.

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Bio-techniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

What Do Winning Organizations Do Well

Understanding Customer Needs

Choosing Which Customers to Serve

Developing a Strong Marketing Plan

Product and Brand Strategies

Pricing Strategies

Channel Strategies

Marketing Communications Strategies

Delivering Customer Value

Building a Customer-Focused Business

Customer Attraction, Satisfaction, and Retention Strategies

Building the Marketing Organization of the Future

Filters

In marine sediments, CO₂ is reduced to CH₄ by:

The F_o portion of Escherichia coli ATP synthase that rotates while translocating protons is:

What could be the advantages of having a Na⁺-pumping oxidoreductase in pathogens such as Vibrio cholerae and Yersinia pestis?

Sulfolobus species produce ; as a result, their immediate environment has a pH as low as .

Briefly discuss what factors may affect the relative contributions of the membrane potential ( $\Delta$ $\varPsi$ ) and the proton gradient ( $\Delta$ pH) to $\Delta$ p.

NADH + H⁺ has more reducing power than FADH₂, therefore:

Is the synthesis of ATP by the F₁F_o ATPase reversible? If so, are there any examples?

In the electron transport system, each cytochrome receives the electrons from a stronger and transfers them to a stronger .