Question 1

Eutrophic lakes typically support ten times the microbial concentrations of an oligotrophic lake. Which of the following statements is NOT true of eutrophic lakes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Biochemical oxygen demand is high. 
B)  Population of consumer aquatic animals is high. 
C)  Nitrogen and phosphorous levels are usually high. 
D)  Photosynthetic activities are altered. 
E)  Algal bloom is a common characteristic. 
A)  Biochemical oxygen demand is high. 
B)  Population of consumer aquatic animals is high. 
C)  Nitrogen and phosphorous levels are usually high. 
D)  Photosynthetic activities are altered. 
E)  Algal bloom is a common characteristic.

Question 2

Which term represents the region of soil directly in contact with the root surface?

Accepted Answer

A)  stele 
B)  cortex 
C)  root cap 
D)  rhizoplane 
E)  rhizosphere 
A)  stele 
B)  cortex 
C)  root cap 
D)  rhizoplane 
E)  rhizosphere

Question 3

Which of the following do NOT require endosymbiotic bacteria to digest plant material such as cellulose?

Accepted Answer

A)  termites 
B)  cattle 
C)  gorillas 
D)  humans 
E)  all of the above require endosymbiotic bacteria 
A)  termites 
B)  cattle 
C)  gorillas 
D)  humans 
E)  all of the above require endosymbiotic bacteria

Question 4

The net biomass of a population does not indicate productivity within an ecosystem. Explain.

Accepted Answer

At each trophic level above the producer

Question 5

Explain how the benthic interface between the ocean floor and water can act as a charged battery to generate electricity.

Accepted Answer

Lithotrophic metabolism by microbes in t

Question 6

Fungi play a much larger and more significant role in the decomposition of terrestrial biomass than they do in marine ecosystems. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fungi do not thrive in a marine environment. 
B)  Fungi out-compete bacteria in terrestrial habitats. 
C)  Fungi can degrade lignin to form humus. 
D)  Fungi decompose leghemoglobin rapidly. 
E)  Fungi degrade human waste faster than bacteria. 
A)  Fungi do not thrive in a marine environment. 
B)  Fungi out-compete bacteria in terrestrial habitats. 
C)  Fungi can degrade lignin to form humus. 
D)  Fungi decompose leghemoglobin rapidly. 
E)  Fungi degrade human waste faster than bacteria.

Question 7

Lichens consist of an intimate mutualistic symbiosis between a fungus, an alga, and/or cyanobacteria. What is the primary role of the cyanobacteria in this association?

Accepted Answer

A)  protection of the symbionts 
B)  production of photosynthate 
C)  decomposition of toxic compounds 
D)  recycling of waste products 
E)  degradation of lignin 
A)  protection of the symbionts 
B)  production of photosynthate 
C)  decomposition of toxic compounds 
D)  recycling of waste products 
E)  degradation of lignin

Question 8

Describe the steps in sequencing a metagenome.

Accepted Answer

You first sample the microbial target co

Question 9

Describe the technique pioneered by Robert Hungate of the University of California at Davis to study anaerobic microbiology of the rumen. What types of questions can be answered with this technique?

Accepted Answer

Robert Hungate pioneered the use of the

Question 10

The oceans cover __________ of the Earth's surface.

Accepted Answer

A)  25% 
B)  more than two-thirds 
C)  more than 90% 
D)  about 10% 
E)  50% 
A)  25% 
B)  more than two-thirds 
C)  more than 90% 
D)  about 10% 
E)  50%

Question 11

How would a high cereal or grain diet for cattle affect the growth of pathogens like E. coli?

Accepted Answer

Cows are herbivorous and their complex s

Question 12

Which of the following are major consumers of the bulk of biomass in the ocean?

Accepted Answer

A)  multicellular organisms 
B)  fish and tube worms 
C)  protists and viruses 
D)  heterotrophic bacteria 
E)  fungi 
A)  multicellular organisms 
B)  fish and tube worms 
C)  protists and viruses 
D)  heterotrophic bacteria 
E)  fungi

Question 13

The high biological oxygen demand that accompanies algal bloom in eutrophic lakes increases the span of the __________ zone.

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygenic epilimnion 
B)  anoxic hypolimnion 
C)  coastal shelf 
D)  anoxic benthic 
E)  oxygenic neuston 
A)  oxygenic epilimnion 
B)  anoxic hypolimnion 
C)  coastal shelf 
D)  anoxic benthic 
E)  oxygenic neuston

Question 14

All of the following may be found among the benthic microbes EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  barophiles 
B)  psychrophiles 
C)  thermophiles 
D)  phototrophs 
E)  methanogens 
A)  barophiles 
B)  psychrophiles 
C)  thermophiles 
D)  phototrophs 
E)  methanogens

Question 15

In the Legume-Rhizobium symbiosis, nitrogen fixation is carried out in nodules by:

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteroids that lack a cell wall 
B)  intact rhizobia in the plant cortex 
C)  plant cells in the presence of symbiotic bacteria 
D)  bacteroids in oxygen-rich nodules 
E)  photosynthetic bacteroids in plants 
A)  bacteroids that lack a cell wall 
B)  intact rhizobia in the plant cortex 
C)  plant cells in the presence of symbiotic bacteria 
D)  bacteroids in oxygen-rich nodules 
E)  photosynthetic bacteroids in plants

Question 16

Describe the interaction of Vibrio cholerae with copepods. How can saris help decrease the incidence of cholera in Bangladesh?

Accepted Answer

Vibrio cholerae tend to live on the surf

Question 17

Describe haustorial parasitism.

Accepted Answer

Some fungal pathogens generate specializ

Question 18

You make two different kinds of metagenomes-one to measure diversity from only 16S rRNA DNA sequences, and one from the entire DNA that does not require amplification. You observe 1,000 times more 16S rRNA gene sequences from the first metagenome than the second. However, you find that the number of species according to the 16S rRNA gene sequences is 10 times more in the second metagenome than the first. Why?

Accepted Answer

The first metagenome was generated with

Question 19

What is one major way that wetlands such as the Everglades benefit human communities?

Accepted Answer

They protect our water supply

Question 20

Explain the difference between assimilation and dissimilation.

Accepted Answer

Assimilation is the incorporation of mol

Exam 21: Microbial Ecology

Eutrophic lakes typically support ten times the microbial concentrations of an oligotrophic lake. Which of the following statements is NOT true of eutrophic lakes?

Which term represents the region of soil directly in contact with the root surface?

Which of the following do NOT require endosymbiotic bacteria to digest plant material such as cellulose?

The net biomass of a population does not indicate productivity within an ecosystem. Explain.

Explain how the benthic interface between the ocean floor and water can act as a charged battery to generate electricity.

Fungi play a much larger and more significant role in the decomposition of terrestrial biomass than they do in marine ecosystems. Why?

Lichens consist of an intimate mutualistic symbiosis between a fungus, an alga, and/or cyanobacteria. What is the primary role of the cyanobacteria in this association?

Describe the steps in sequencing a metagenome.

Describe the technique pioneered by Robert Hungate of the University of California at Davis to study anaerobic microbiology of the rumen. What types of questions can be answered with this technique?

The oceans cover __________ of the Earth's surface.

How would a high cereal or grain diet for cattle affect the growth of pathogens like E. coli?

Which of the following are major consumers of the bulk of biomass in the ocean?

The high biological oxygen demand that accompanies algal bloom in eutrophic lakes increases the span of the __________ zone.

All of the following may be found among the benthic microbes EXCEPT:

In the Legume-Rhizobium symbiosis, nitrogen fixation is carried out in nodules by:

Describe the interaction of Vibrio cholerae with copepods. How can saris help decrease the incidence of cholera in Bangladesh?

Describe haustorial parasitism.

What is one major way that wetlands such as the Everglades benefit human communities?

Explain the difference between assimilation and dissimilation.

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Bio-techniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

What Do Winning Organizations Do Well

Understanding Customer Needs

Choosing Which Customers to Serve

Developing a Strong Marketing Plan

Product and Brand Strategies

Pricing Strategies

Channel Strategies

Marketing Communications Strategies

Delivering Customer Value

Building a Customer-Focused Business

Customer Attraction, Satisfaction, and Retention Strategies

Building the Marketing Organization of the Future

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