Question 1

Which class of extremophile would you expect to find within rock crystals down to a depth of 3 km?

Accepted Answer

A)  acidophile 
B)  barophile 
C)  endolith 
D)  halophile 
E)  oligotroph 
A)  acidophile 
B)  barophile 
C)  endolith 
D)  halophile 
E)  oligotroph

Question 2

What is responsible for the high species-species specificity of the Legume-Rhizobium symbiosis?

Accepted Answer

Each legume plant species produces flavo

Question 3

The __________ region of an oligotrophic lake extends to about 10 meters below the surface.

Accepted Answer

A)  neutron 
B)  benthic 
C)  epilimnion 
D)  hypolimnion 
E)  none of the above 
A)  neutron 
B)  benthic 
C)  epilimnion 
D)  hypolimnion 
E)  none of the above

Question 4

Lithotrophic bacteria found in between crystals of solid bedrock as deep as 3 km below Earth's surface are specifically called:

Accepted Answer

A)  endophytes 
B)  symbionts 
C)  endoliths 
D)  decomposers 
E)  saprophytes 
A)  endophytes 
B)  symbionts 
C)  endoliths 
D)  decomposers 
E)  saprophytes

Question 5

Bacteroids remain sequestered within a sac of plant-derived membrane known as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  flavonoid 
B)  infection thread 
C)  Nod factor 
D)  nucleosome 
E)  symbiosome 
A)  flavonoid 
B)  infection thread 
C)  Nod factor 
D)  nucleosome 
E)  symbiosome

Question 6

What is coral bleaching? What is its possible cause?

Accepted Answer

Coral bleaching occurs when co

Question 7

The depth of the photic zone in the coastal shelf of marine habitats is:

Accepted Answer

A)  100-200 m 
B)  10-20 m 
C)  about 1 m 
D)  about 0.1 m 
E)  about 2 m 
A)  100-200 m 
B)  10-20 m 
C)  about 1 m 
D)  about 0.1 m 
E)  about 2 m

Question 8

Why is it important to restrict the protein content of cattle feed?

Accepted Answer

The complex cattle rumen ecosystem conta

Question 9

As much as 90% of forest trees require mycorrhizae for growth, suggesting that:

Accepted Answer

A)  forest soils are rich in phosphorous 
B)  mycorrhizae are found everywhere 
C)  the plant-mycorrhizal association is ammensalic 
D)  mycorrhizae significantly increase the uptake of nutrients 
E)  forest trees do not have deep roots 
A)  forest soils are rich in phosphorous 
B)  mycorrhizae are found everywhere 
C)  the plant-mycorrhizal association is ammensalic 
D)  mycorrhizae significantly increase the uptake of nutrients 
E)  forest trees do not have deep roots

Question 10

One of the most important ecological roles of the Florida Everglades is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  it is home to beautiful birds 
B)  it filters most of the water supply for Floridians 
C)  many bacteria reside in it 
D)  nutrients can easily be leached to the lakes 
E)  tourists come to see it in large numbers 
A)  it is home to beautiful birds 
B)  it filters most of the water supply for Floridians 
C)  many bacteria reside in it 
D)  nutrients can easily be leached to the lakes 
E)  tourists come to see it in large numbers

Question 11

How do microbes live if their metabolic process to generate energy has a positive $\Delta$G?

Accepted Answer

They live in association with another or

Question 12

The relationship among endosymbiotic microbes in the termite gut that results in complex metabolic fluxes with a negative $\bigotimes$G, and that would NOT happen for individual members, is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  mutualism 
B)  parasitism 
C)  exothermic association 
D)  predation 
E)  syntrophy 
A)  mutualism 
B)  parasitism 
C)  exothermic association 
D)  predation 
E)  syntrophy

Question 13

The term "metagenome" was coined by Jo Handelsman and colleagues in 1998 to refer to:

Accepted Answer

A)  shotgun cloning 
B)  screening of libraries for expression of genes 
C)  the sum of all genomes from a community 
D)  the sum of all genomes from a colony 
E)  all uncultured organisms from a community 
A)  shotgun cloning 
B)  screening of libraries for expression of genes 
C)  the sum of all genomes from a community 
D)  the sum of all genomes from a colony 
E)  all uncultured organisms from a community

Question 14

Synechococcus, a cyanobacterium, is a free-living marine organism that fixes CO2 into biomass while producing molecular oxygen utilized by swarms of heterotrophic bacteria. Its biomass provides food for protists and predators. What is the niche of this organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  phototroph in the open ocean 
B)  base of the food chain 
C)  nitrogen assimilation for the ocean environment 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  phototroph in the open ocean 
B)  base of the food chain 
C)  nitrogen assimilation for the ocean environment 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 15

How can one measure biomass production in terms of DNA replication? What are the limitations?

Accepted Answer

The rate of DNA synthesis, a measure of

Question 16

Which of the following refers to the oxygenated zone of a lake?

Accepted Answer

A)  neuston 
B)  epilimnion 
C)  thermocline 
D)  hypolimnion 
E)  benthos 
A)  neuston 
B)  epilimnion 
C)  thermocline 
D)  hypolimnion 
E)  benthos

Question 17

Which of the following techniques is most appropriate for rapid detection and differentiation of specific classes of microbes in a drop of seawater?

Accepted Answer

A)  metagenomics 
B)  viable plate count 
C)  DNA and RNA sequencing 
D)  fluorescent microscopy 
E)  radiography 
A)  metagenomics 
B)  viable plate count 
C)  DNA and RNA sequencing 
D)  fluorescent microscopy 
E)  radiography

Question 18

What is a rarefaction curve?

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of sequences generated from a metagenome 
B)  the number of SSU rRNA sequences in a metagenome 
C)  the number of SSU rRNA sequences identified as species in a metagenome 
D)  the number of OTUs from all combined genes in a metagenome 
E)  none of the above 
A)  the number of sequences generated from a metagenome 
B)  the number of SSU rRNA sequences in a metagenome 
C)  the number of SSU rRNA sequences identified as species in a metagenome 
D)  the number of OTUs from all combined genes in a metagenome 
E)  none of the above

Question 19

The best description for the microbial communities in the cold-seep ecosystem is:

Accepted Answer

A)  thermophilic 
B)  psychrotrophic 
C)  barophilic thermophiles 
D)  barophilic psychrophiles 
E)  barophilic psychrotrophs 
A)  thermophilic 
B)  psychrotrophic 
C)  barophilic thermophiles 
D)  barophilic psychrophiles 
E)  barophilic psychrotrophs

Exam 21: Microbial Ecology

Which class of extremophile would you expect to find within rock crystals down to a depth of 3 km?

What is responsible for the high species-species specificity of the Legume-Rhizobium symbiosis?

The __________ region of an oligotrophic lake extends to about 10 meters below the surface.

Lithotrophic bacteria found in between crystals of solid bedrock as deep as 3 km below Earth's surface are specifically called:

Bacteroids remain sequestered within a sac of plant-derived membrane known as the:

What is coral bleaching? What is its possible cause?

The depth of the photic zone in the coastal shelf of marine habitats is:

Why is it important to restrict the protein content of cattle feed?

As much as 90% of forest trees require mycorrhizae for growth, suggesting that:

One of the most important ecological roles of the Florida Everglades is that:

How do microbes live if their metabolic process to generate energy has a positive Δ\DeltaΔ G?

The relationship among endosymbiotic microbes in the termite gut that results in complex metabolic fluxes with a negative ⨂\bigotimes⨂ G, and that would NOT happen for individual members, is called:

The term "metagenome" was coined by Jo Handelsman and colleagues in 1998 to refer to:

Synechococcus, a cyanobacterium, is a free-living marine organism that fixes CO2 into biomass while producing molecular oxygen utilized by swarms of heterotrophic bacteria. Its biomass provides food for protists and predators. What is the niche of this organism?

How can one measure biomass production in terms of DNA replication? What are the limitations?

Which of the following refers to the oxygenated zone of a lake?

Which of the following techniques is most appropriate for rapid detection and differentiation of specific classes of microbes in a drop of seawater?

What is a rarefaction curve?

The best description for the microbial communities in the cold-seep ecosystem is:

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Bio-techniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

What Do Winning Organizations Do Well

Understanding Customer Needs

Choosing Which Customers to Serve

Developing a Strong Marketing Plan

Product and Brand Strategies

Pricing Strategies

Channel Strategies

Marketing Communications Strategies

Delivering Customer Value

Building a Customer-Focused Business

Customer Attraction, Satisfaction, and Retention Strategies

Building the Marketing Organization of the Future

Filters

How do microbes live if their metabolic process to generate energy has a positive $\Delta$ G?

The relationship among endosymbiotic microbes in the termite gut that results in complex metabolic fluxes with a negative $\bigotimes$ G, and that would NOT happen for individual members, is called:

Synechococcus, a cyanobacterium, is a free-living marine organism that fixes CO₂ into biomass while producing molecular oxygen utilized by swarms of heterotrophic bacteria. Its biomass provides food for protists and predators. What is the niche of this organism?