Question 1

Do goals and plans actually facilitate achievement?

Accepted Answer

A)  In general, goal-setting facilitates achievement, but plan-making has no effect on achievement. 
B)  In general, goal-setting and plan-making both facilitate achievement. 
C)  In general, goal-setting has no effect, but plan-making facilitates achievement. 
D)  In general, neither goal-setting nor plan-making has not been shown to have any effect on achievement. 
A)  In general, goal-setting facilitates achievement, but plan-making has no effect on achievement. 
B)  In general, goal-setting and plan-making both facilitate achievement. 
C)  In general, goal-setting has no effect, but plan-making facilitates achievement. 
D)  In general, neither goal-setting nor plan-making has not been shown to have any effect on achievement.

Question 2

According to MOST theories in social psychology, self-defeating behavior is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a paradox 
B)  genetically wired 
C)  is rational 
D)  a clear sign of a mental disorder 
A)  a paradox 
B)  genetically wired 
C)  is rational 
D)  a clear sign of a mental disorder

Question 3

In social psychology, people who regard traits and abilities as fixed and stable are known as ____, while people who believe that it is possible to change and improve traits and abilities are known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  entity theorists; incremental theorists 
B)  incremental theorists; entity theorists 
C)  individualists; collectivists 
D)  collectivists; individualists 
A)  entity theorists; incremental theorists 
B)  incremental theorists; entity theorists 
C)  individualists; collectivists 
D)  collectivists; individualists

Question 4

Freud's notion that most people have a "death wish" that impels them to pursue their own downfall and death ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  has received a good deal of recent empirical support 
B)  is consistent with research showing that many people have a "fear of success" 
C)  is consistent with cognitive dissonance theory 
D)  is apparently wrong 
A)  has received a good deal of recent empirical support 
B)  is consistent with research showing that many people have a "fear of success" 
C)  is consistent with cognitive dissonance theory 
D)  is apparently wrong

Question 5

When people make short-range decisions (e.g., what they are going to do that week) rather than long-range decisions (e.g., decisions about things that are far off in the future), they tend to focus more on ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  intrinsic rewards rather than extrinsic rewards 
B)  the cultural or social significance of things 
C)  high levels of meaning 
D)  practical constraints 
A)  intrinsic rewards rather than extrinsic rewards 
B)  the cultural or social significance of things 
C)  high levels of meaning 
D)  practical constraints

Question 6

Mr. Lee has been drinking a lot of whiskey lately and wants to cut back. Research suggests that he is more likely to be successful if he keeps a record of exactly how much whiskey he consumes every week. In other words, ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  he will be less likely to engage in temporal discounting if he self-regulates 
B)  he will be less likely to engage in temporal discounting if he monitors his behavior 
C)  he will be more effective at self-regulation if he engages in temporal discounting 
D)  he will be more effective at self-regulation if he monitors his behavior 
A)  he will be less likely to engage in temporal discounting if he self-regulates 
B)  he will be less likely to engage in temporal discounting if he monitors his behavior 
C)  he will be more effective at self-regulation if he engages in temporal discounting 
D)  he will be more effective at self-regulation if he monitors his behavior

Question 7

Research on proximal goals, distal goals, and goal hierarchies suggests that MOST people ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  have goal hierarchies (including proximal goals and distal goals) 
B)  have proximal goals but not distal goals 
C)  have distal goals but not proximal goals 
D)  have either proximal goals or distal goals (but not both) 
A)  have goal hierarchies (including proximal goals and distal goals) 
B)  have proximal goals but not distal goals 
C)  have distal goals but not proximal goals 
D)  have either proximal goals or distal goals (but not both)

Question 8

Suicide rates tend to be higher in places that generally have ____ climates. In general, suicide rates also tend to be higher during the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  good; spring and summer months 
B)  good; winter months 
C)  bad; spring and summer months 
D)  bad; winter months 
A)  good; spring and summer months 
B)  good; winter months 
C)  bad; spring and summer months 
D)  bad; winter months

Question 9

How do suicidal people tend to think about the future?

Accepted Answer

A)  Constantly, and with hope that it will be better 
B)  Often, but with thoughts of how it can't improve upon their current circumstances 
C)  Often, but with thoughts that it will improve upon the present 
D)  Rarely, with the most focus on the present 
A)  Constantly, and with hope that it will be better 
B)  Often, but with thoughts of how it can't improve upon their current circumstances 
C)  Often, but with thoughts that it will improve upon the present 
D)  Rarely, with the most focus on the present

Question 10

Perhaps the most widely recognized and important factor that interferes with successful monitoring (and thereby undermines successful self-regulation) is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  emotional distress 
B)  fatigue 
C)  social isolation 
D)  alcohol intoxication 
A)  emotional distress 
B)  fatigue 
C)  social isolation 
D)  alcohol intoxication

Question 11

Someone with a(n) ________________ theory of intelligence believes that you can become smarter if you work hard, study, and apply yourself.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Someone with a(n) ________________ theory of intelligence...

Question 12

When people are making decisions among several different choices (e.g., choosing a car to purchase), there are several patterns of irrational thought to which they commonly fall prey. Please identify and discuss three of these.

Accepted Answer

a.Risk aversion: The tendency to give di

Question 13

Research on habits shows that if you want to break a habit it helps to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  stay in your routine to keep your arousal level lower 
B)  change your routine to raise your arousal level 
C)  stay in your routine to maintain social support cues 
D)  change your routine to alter the stimulus cues that support the habit 
A)  stay in your routine to keep your arousal level lower 
B)  change your routine to raise your arousal level 
C)  stay in your routine to maintain social support cues 
D)  change your routine to alter the stimulus cues that support the habit

Question 14

Research indicates that when people are setting goals, they tend to think in a(n) ____ way, and when they are pursuing or striving for goals, they to think in a(n) ____ way.

Accepted Answer

A)  realistic; realistic 
B)  realistic; optimistic 
C)  optimistic; realistic 
D)  optimistic; optimistic 
A)  realistic; realistic 
B)  realistic; optimistic 
C)  optimistic; realistic 
D)  optimistic; optimistic

Question 15

Nikos has the opportunity to start his own business doing what he loves. However, to do this, he would have to liquidate all of his resources, including selling his home and emptying out his savings. In the end, however, he decides that he has too much to lose and sticks with his day job, which is less fulfilling but offers a sure thing. Nikos is making his decision based on ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  temporal discounting 
B)  fear of success 
C)  learned helplessness 
D)  risk aversion 
A)  temporal discounting 
B)  fear of success 
C)  learned helplessness 
D)  risk aversion

Question 16

Goal shielding is the ability to block off consciousness from thinking about one goal to allow a person to focus on the immediate goal at hand.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Suppose that Sergej has just asked Georgia whether she would like to study with him for an upcoming English exam. Georgia is struggling in the class, and she knows that Sergej is an excellent English student, so she enthusiastically agrees. Meanwhile, Sergej interprets her enthusiasm as a sign that she might have a crush on him, and he therefore suggests that the two of them grab a bite to eat together before studying; "Georgia is very attractive," he thinks to himself, "so why not?" Georgia, meanwhile, who is completely clueless about what is on Sergej's mind, muses to herself, "well, that is so nice of him to think that I might be hungry; what a nice study partner!" The fact that Sergej and Georgia interpret things so differently here is most consistent with ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  error management theory 
B)  self-determination theory 
C)  reactance theory 
D)  risk aversion theory 
A)  error management theory 
B)  self-determination theory 
C)  reactance theory 
D)  risk aversion theory

Question 18

Which statement most accurately describes how humans differ from other animals in terms of goals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans are able to stop a given activity in order to resume pursuit of a previously pursued goal. 
B)  Humans have goals, while other animals do not. 
C)  Humans can be intrinsically motivated to strive for specific goals, while other animals only strive for goals because of extrinsic motivations. 
D)  Humans have fewer goals, but more well-defined ones. 
A)  Humans are able to stop a given activity in order to resume pursuit of a previously pursued goal. 
B)  Humans have goals, while other animals do not. 
C)  Humans can be intrinsically motivated to strive for specific goals, while other animals only strive for goals because of extrinsic motivations. 
D)  Humans have fewer goals, but more well-defined ones.

Question 19

Who is most likely to experience goal shielding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Marlena, who is not very committed to her goal 
B)  Justin, who is very committed to his goal 
C)  Leann, who is somewhat committed to her goal 
D)  Fabio, who is avoiding the decision of committing to his goal 
A)  Marlena, who is not very committed to her goal 
B)  Justin, who is very committed to his goal 
C)  Leann, who is somewhat committed to her goal 
D)  Fabio, who is avoiding the decision of committing to his goal

Question 20

Which statement about willpower is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  In general, people have far more willpower than they think they do. 
B)  Most people actually tend to decrease in willpower as they age. 
C)  People who practice willpower "exercises" develop stronger levels of willpower in the long term. 
D)  People show very different levels of willpower depending on the domain (eating behavior, work behavior, criminal behavior, etc.) 
A)  In general, people have far more willpower than they think they do. 
B)  Most people actually tend to decrease in willpower as they age. 
C)  People who practice willpower "exercises" develop stronger levels of willpower in the long term. 
D)  People show very different levels of willpower depending on the domain (eating behavior, work behavior, criminal behavior, etc.)

Do goals and plans actually facilitate achievement?

According to MOST theories in social psychology, self-defeating behavior is ____.

In social psychology, people who regard traits and abilities as fixed and stable are known as , while people who believe that it is possible to change and improve traits and abilities are known as .

Freud's notion that most people have a "death wish" that impels them to pursue their own downfall and death ____.

When people make short-range decisions (e.g., what they are going to do that week) rather than long-range decisions (e.g., decisions about things that are far off in the future), they tend to focus more on ____.

Mr. Lee has been drinking a lot of whiskey lately and wants to cut back. Research suggests that he is more likely to be successful if he keeps a record of exactly how much whiskey he consumes every week. In other words, ____.

Research on proximal goals, distal goals, and goal hierarchies suggests that MOST people ____.

Suicide rates tend to be higher in places that generally have climates. In general, suicide rates also tend to be higher during the .

How do suicidal people tend to think about the future?

Perhaps the most widely recognized and important factor that interferes with successful monitoring (and thereby undermines successful self-regulation) is ____.

Someone with a(n) ________________ theory of intelligence believes that you can become smarter if you work hard, study, and apply yourself.

When people are making decisions among several different choices (e.g., choosing a car to purchase), there are several patterns of irrational thought to which they commonly fall prey. Please identify and discuss three of these.

Research on habits shows that if you want to break a habit it helps to ____.

Research indicates that when people are setting goals, they tend to think in a(n) way, and when they are pursuing or striving for goals, they to think in a(n) way.

Goal shielding is the ability to block off consciousness from thinking about one goal to allow a person to focus on the immediate goal at hand.

Which statement most accurately describes how humans differ from other animals in terms of goals?

Who is most likely to experience goal shielding?

Which statement about willpower is accurate?

The Mission and the Method

Culture and Nature

The Self

Social Cognition

Emotion and Affect

Attitudes, Beliefs and Consistency

Social Influence and Persuasion

Prosocial Behavior: Doing What’s Best for Others

Aggression and Antisocial Behavior

Interpersonal Attraction and Rejection

Close Relationships: Passion, Intimacy, and Sexuality

Prejudice and Intergroup Relations

Groups

Applying Social Psychology to Consumer Behavior

Applying Social Psychology to Health

Applying Social Psychology to the Workplace

Applying Social Psychology to the Law

Applying Social Psychology to the Environment

Filters

Exam 4: Choices and Actions

Do goals and plans actually facilitate achievement?

According to MOST theories in social psychology, self-defeating behavior is ____.

In social psychology, people who regard traits and abilities as fixed and stable are known as ____, while people who believe that it is possible to change and improve traits and abilities are known as ____.

Freud's notion that most people have a "death wish" that impels them to pursue their own downfall and death ____.

When people make short-range decisions (e.g., what they are going to do that week) rather than long-range decisions (e.g., decisions about things that are far off in the future), they tend to focus more on ____.

Mr. Lee has been drinking a lot of whiskey lately and wants to cut back. Research suggests that he is more likely to be successful if he keeps a record of exactly how much whiskey he consumes every week. In other words, ____.

Research on proximal goals, distal goals, and goal hierarchies suggests that MOST people ____.

Suicide rates tend to be higher in places that generally have ____ climates. In general, suicide rates also tend to be higher during the ____.

How do suicidal people tend to think about the future?

Perhaps the most widely recognized and important factor that interferes with successful monitoring (and thereby undermines successful self-regulation) is ____.

Someone with a(n) ________________ theory of intelligence believes that you can become smarter if you work hard, study, and apply yourself.

When people are making decisions among several different choices (e.g., choosing a car to purchase), there are several patterns of irrational thought to which they commonly fall prey. Please identify and discuss three of these.

Research on habits shows that if you want to break a habit it helps to ____.

Research indicates that when people are setting goals, they tend to think in a(n) ____ way, and when they are pursuing or striving for goals, they to think in a(n) ____ way.

Goal shielding is the ability to block off consciousness from thinking about one goal to allow a person to focus on the immediate goal at hand.

Which statement most accurately describes how humans differ from other animals in terms of goals?

Who is most likely to experience goal shielding?

Which statement about willpower is accurate?

The Mission and the Method

Culture and Nature

The Self

Social Cognition

Emotion and Affect

Attitudes, Beliefs and Consistency

Social Influence and Persuasion

Prosocial Behavior: Doing What’s Best for Others

Aggression and Antisocial Behavior

Interpersonal Attraction and Rejection

Close Relationships: Passion, Intimacy, and Sexuality

Prejudice and Intergroup Relations

Groups

Applying Social Psychology to Consumer Behavior

Applying Social Psychology to Health

Applying Social Psychology to the Workplace

Applying Social Psychology to the Law

Applying Social Psychology to the Environment

Filters

In social psychology, people who regard traits and abilities as fixed and stable are known as , while people who believe that it is possible to change and improve traits and abilities are known as .

Suicide rates tend to be higher in places that generally have climates. In general, suicide rates also tend to be higher during the .

Research indicates that when people are setting goals, they tend to think in a(n) way, and when they are pursuing or striving for goals, they to think in a(n) way.