Question 1

Regulation of transcription by steroid hormones

Accepted Answer

A) involves hormone receptors only found in the nucleus. 
B) involves cytoplasmic hormone receptors that can move to the nucleus. 
C) involves two ligase domains. 
D) always activates transcription. 
A) involves hormone receptors only found in the nucleus. 
B) involves cytoplasmic hormone receptors that can move to the nucleus. 
C) involves two ligase domains. 
D) always activates transcription. B

Question 2

Operator constitutive mutants of the lac operon would

Accepted Answer

A) express the lac repressor constitutively. 
B) block the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter. 
C) express β-galactosidase constitutively. 
D) prevent the inducer from binding to the repressor. 
A) express the lac repressor constitutively. 
B) block the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter. 
C) express β-galactosidase constitutively. 
D) prevent the inducer from binding to the repressor. C

Question 3

Which of the following statement(s)regarding transcription initiation and RNA Pol III is (are)true?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP hydrolysis is not required for initiation. 
B) Pol III is responsible for synthesizing tRNAs and 5S-rRNA. 
C) The promoter elements of tRNA genes lie entirely within the transcribed sequence. 
D) all of the above 
A) ATP hydrolysis is not required for initiation. 
B) Pol III is responsible for synthesizing tRNAs and 5S-rRNA. 
C) The promoter elements of tRNA genes lie entirely within the transcribed sequence. 
D) all of the above D

Question 4

Which of the following is not used in the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA)?

Accepted Answer

A) a radiolabeled DNA fragment 
B) a polyacrylamide gel 
C) a DNA binding protein 
D) DNase I 
A) a radiolabeled DNA fragment 
B) a polyacrylamide gel 
C) a DNA binding protein 
D) DNase I

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the chromatin-remodeling SWI/SNF complex?

Accepted Answer

A) It acts as tumor suppressor. 
B) It serves as a co-activator of transcription. 
C) It has homology to DNA helicases. 
D) It can stabilize DNA-histone interactions. 
A) It acts as tumor suppressor. 
B) It serves as a co-activator of transcription. 
C) It has homology to DNA helicases. 
D) It can stabilize DNA-histone interactions.

Question 6

Which one of the following terms is used to describe the protein:DNA complex containing several transcription factors bound to a single enhancer?

Accepted Answer

A) nucleosome 
B) chromosome 
C) enhanceosome 
D) proteasome 
A) nucleosome 
B) chromosome 
C) enhanceosome 
D) proteasome

Question 7

Which of the following is a fundamental difference between gene regulation in bacteria compared with eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) In bacteria,but not eukaryotes,there is a specific sequence that specifies where RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription. 
B) In eukaryotes,but not bacteria,transcription can be influenced by how effectively the DNA sequence of a promoter region interacts with histone octamers. 
C) Transcription regulation is the most widespread form of control of gene expression in bacteria but not in eukaryotes. 
D) Gene regulation is readily reversible in eukaryotes but not bacteria. 
A) In bacteria,but not eukaryotes,there is a specific sequence that specifies where RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription. 
B) In eukaryotes,but not bacteria,transcription can be influenced by how effectively the DNA sequence of a promoter region interacts with histone octamers. 
C) Transcription regulation is the most widespread form of control of gene expression in bacteria but not in eukaryotes. 
D) Gene regulation is readily reversible in eukaryotes but not bacteria.

Question 8

Describe the role of histone deacetylation and hyperacetylation in yeast transcriptional control.

Accepted Answer

Histone deacetylation/hyperacetylation i

Question 9

The human genome encodes transcription factors that contain an acidic activation domain that is phosphorylated in response to increased levels of the second messenger cAMP.Which one of the following contains one of these activation domains?

Accepted Answer

A) CBP 
B) CDK9 
C) CREB 
D) CTD 
A) CBP 
B) CDK9 
C) CREB 
D) CTD

Question 10

This serves as the promoter for 70% of eukaryotic genes and typically serves as a control region for genes that are transcribed at relatively low rates.

Accepted Answer

A) TATA box 
B) enhancers 
C) CpG islands 
D) UAS (upstream activating sequences) 
A) TATA box 
B) enhancers 
C) CpG islands 
D) UAS (upstream activating sequences)

Question 11

Enhancers are considered transcription-control elements that regulate the expression of eukaryotic genes.Which one of the following is true regarding these elements?

Accepted Answer

A) They are only found upstream of the transcription start site. 
B) They are never found more than one kilobase away of the transcription start site. 
C) They are only found in introns. 
D) They generally range in length from about 50-200 base pairs. 
A) They are only found upstream of the transcription start site. 
B) They are never found more than one kilobase away of the transcription start site. 
C) They are only found in introns. 
D) They generally range in length from about 50-200 base pairs.

Question 12

Epigenetics marks refer to modifications to DNA and proteins that in turn regulate gene expression.Which statement is true regarding these specific types of modifications?

Accepted Answer

A) They have the ability to both silence and activate genes. 
B) They can involve the methylation of cytosine bases. 
C) They are linked to the acetylation of histones. 
D) All of the above 
A) They have the ability to both silence and activate genes. 
B) They can involve the methylation of cytosine bases. 
C) They are linked to the acetylation of histones. 
D) All of the above

Question 13

In bacteria,an operon:

Accepted Answer

A) is a region of DNA that is transcribed as a single mRNA encoding several proteins. 
B) encodes for miRNAs. 
C) contains a promoter unique for each individual gene in the operator. 
D) none of the above 
A) is a region of DNA that is transcribed as a single mRNA encoding several proteins. 
B) encodes for miRNAs. 
C) contains a promoter unique for each individual gene in the operator. 
D) none of the above

Question 14

All of the following events play a role in yeast-mating type switching except

Accepted Answer

A) methylation of the silent-mating-type locus. 
B) transcription of the gene at the MAT locus. 
C) chromatin condensation at the silent mating type locus. 
D) a recombination event known as gene conversion. 
A) methylation of the silent-mating-type locus. 
B) transcription of the gene at the MAT locus. 
C) chromatin condensation at the silent mating type locus. 
D) a recombination event known as gene conversion.

Question 15

Which protein domains are found in nuclear-receptor family members?

Accepted Answer

A) variable region,DNA-binding domain,ligand-binding domain 
B) acetylase domain,DNA-binding domain,ligand-binding domain 
C) variable region,acetylase domain,ligand-binding domain 
D) variable region,DNA-binding domain,acetylase domain 
A) variable region,DNA-binding domain,ligand-binding domain 
B) acetylase domain,DNA-binding domain,ligand-binding domain 
C) variable region,acetylase domain,ligand-binding domain 
D) variable region,DNA-binding domain,acetylase domain

Question 16

How does binding of the lac repressor to the lac operator block transcription initiation?

Accepted Answer

A) lac repressor binding blocks RNA polymerase from interacting with DNA at the start site. 
B) lac repressor binding induces a DNase that cleaves the DNA at the transcription start site. 
C) lac repressor binding causes a conformational change in RNA polymerase. 
D) lac repressor binding induces a protease that degrades the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase. 
A) lac repressor binding blocks RNA polymerase from interacting with DNA at the start site. 
B) lac repressor binding induces a DNase that cleaves the DNA at the transcription start site. 
C) lac repressor binding causes a conformational change in RNA polymerase. 
D) lac repressor binding induces a protease that degrades the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase.

Question 17

Describe how the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA)and the DNase I footprinting techniques are used to identify DNA-protein interactions.

Accepted Answer

In the electrophoretic mobility shift as

Question 18

All the following statements about heterochromatin are true except:

Accepted Answer

A) DNA dyes stain heterochromatin more darkly than euchromatin. 
B) The DNA of heterochromatin is more highly condensed than that of euchromatin. 
C) Heterochromatin is associated with inactive genes. 
D) Heterochromatin is more susceptible to DNaseI than is euchromatin. 
A) DNA dyes stain heterochromatin more darkly than euchromatin. 
B) The DNA of heterochromatin is more highly condensed than that of euchromatin. 
C) Heterochromatin is associated with inactive genes. 
D) Heterochromatin is more susceptible to DNaseI than is euchromatin.

Question 19

Which one of the following techniques would be best suited to follow how a thyroxine-bound receptor translocates from the cytoplasm to its DNA response element?

Accepted Answer

A) in situ hybridization and a radioactive fragment of the DNA response element 
B) fluorescence microscopy and a GFP-tagged receptor fusion protein 
C) pulse-chase radiolabeling 
D) none of the above 
A) in situ hybridization and a radioactive fragment of the DNA response element 
B) fluorescence microscopy and a GFP-tagged receptor fusion protein 
C) pulse-chase radiolabeling 
D) none of the above

Question 20

A leucine-zipper motif contains

Accepted Answer

A) a stretch of five leucine residues in a row. 
B) a leucine residue at every seventh position. 
C) a leucine residue complexed with a zinc ion. 
D) an alternating leucine-alanine-proline structure. 
A) a stretch of five leucine residues in a row. 
B) a leucine residue at every seventh position. 
C) a leucine residue complexed with a zinc ion. 
D) an alternating leucine-alanine-proline structure.

Exam 8: Transcriptional Control of Gene Expression

Regulation of transcription by steroid hormones

Operator constitutive mutants of the lac operon would

Which of the following statement(s)regarding transcription initiation and RNA Pol III is (are)true?

Which of the following is not used in the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA)?

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the chromatin-remodeling SWI/SNF complex?

Which one of the following terms is used to describe the protein:DNA complex containing several transcription factors bound to a single enhancer?

Which of the following is a fundamental difference between gene regulation in bacteria compared with eukaryotes?

Describe the role of histone deacetylation and hyperacetylation in yeast transcriptional control.

The human genome encodes transcription factors that contain an acidic activation domain that is phosphorylated in response to increased levels of the second messenger cAMP.Which one of the following contains one of these activation domains?

This serves as the promoter for 70% of eukaryotic genes and typically serves as a control region for genes that are transcribed at relatively low rates.

Enhancers are considered transcription-control elements that regulate the expression of eukaryotic genes.Which one of the following is true regarding these elements?

Epigenetics marks refer to modifications to DNA and proteins that in turn regulate gene expression.Which statement is true regarding these specific types of modifications?

In bacteria,an operon:

All of the following events play a role in yeast-mating type switching except

Which protein domains are found in nuclear-receptor family members?

How does binding of the lac repressor to the lac operator block transcription initiation?

Describe how the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA)and the DNase I footprinting techniques are used to identify DNA-protein interactions.

All the following statements about heterochromatin are true except:

Which one of the following techniques would be best suited to follow how a thyroxine-bound receptor translocates from the cytoplasm to its DNA response element?

A leucine-zipper motif contains

Chemical Foundations

Molecular Genetic Techniques

Protein Structure and Function

Culturing and Visualizing Cells

Fundamental Molecular Genetic Mechanisms

Bio-membrane Structure

Genes Genomics and Chromosomes

Post-Transcriptional Gene Control

Transmembrane Transport of Ions and Small Molecules

Cellular Energetics

Moving Proteins Into Membranes and Organelles

Vesicular Traffic, Secretion, and Endocytosis

Signal Transduction and G-Protein Coupled Receptors

Signaling Pathways That Control Gene Activity

Cell Organization and Movement I: Microfilaments

Cell Organization and Movement II: Microtubules and Intermediate Filaments

Regulating the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

Integrating Cells Into Tissues

Cell Birth, Lineage, and Death

Nerve Cells

Immunology

Cancer

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