Question 1

Cresyl violet is a stain used to identify axon terminals in the brain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The most commonly used stain for identifying nuclear masses in brain sections is

Accepted Answer

A)  6-hydroxydopamine. 
B)  cresyl violet. 
C)  methylene blue. 
D)  PHA-L. 
E)  formaldehyde. 
A)  6-hydroxydopamine. 
B)  cresyl violet. 
C)  methylene blue. 
D)  PHA-L. 
E)  formaldehyde.

Question 3

A key advantage of the fMRI technique is that the method can

Accepted Answer

A)  record the electrical activity of brain. 
B)  induce the secretion of neurotransmitters from neurons. 
C)  record the neural activity of particular brain regions. 
D)  localize receptors in brain. 
E)  electrically stimulate neurons. 
A)  record the electrical activity of brain. 
B)  induce the secretion of neurotransmitters from neurons. 
C)  record the neural activity of particular brain regions. 
D)  localize receptors in brain. 
E)  electrically stimulate neurons.

Question 4

The first technique used to visualize a living human brain was that of

Accepted Answer

A)  computerized tomography. 
B)  microdialysis. 
C)  magnetic resonance imaging. 
D)  single-unit recording. 
E)  PET scans. 
A)  computerized tomography. 
B)  microdialysis. 
C)  magnetic resonance imaging. 
D)  single-unit recording. 
E)  PET scans.

Question 5

A key advantage of ________ lesions is that they affect only neural cell bodies and do not damage axons passing through the region.

Accepted Answer

A)  aspiration 
B)  sub-cortical 
C)  radio-frequency 
D)  6-hydroxydopamine 
E)  excitotoxic 
A)  aspiration 
B)  sub-cortical 
C)  radio-frequency 
D)  6-hydroxydopamine 
E)  excitotoxic

Question 6

Macroelectrodes implanted into human brain are most commonly used

Accepted Answer

A)  to destroy brain tissue. 
B)  to locate spiking brain tissue in epileptic patients. 
C)  to control thought patterns. 
D)  for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. 
E)  to treat Balint's syndrome. 
A)  to destroy brain tissue. 
B)  to locate spiking brain tissue in epileptic patients. 
C)  to control thought patterns. 
D)  for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. 
E)  to treat Balint's syndrome.

Question 7

Fraternal twins have identical genotypes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Identical twins share 100 percent of their genes whereas fraternal twins share,on average,about 50 percent of their genes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The key difference between function and behavior is that circuits within the brain perform

Accepted Answer

A)  independent behaviors. 
B)  a single behavior that is functional for the organism. 
C)  reflexes that are inhibitory. 
D)  a function that contributes to a behavior. 
E)  All of the above are correct. 
A)  independent behaviors. 
B)  a single behavior that is functional for the organism. 
C)  reflexes that are inhibitory. 
D)  a function that contributes to a behavior. 
E)  All of the above are correct.

Question 10

A temporary disruption of neural activity in a local brain region can be produced

Accepted Answer

A)  using an injection of kainic acid into the region. 
B)  using an injection of muscimol into the region. 
C)  by local heating of the region using a cryoloop. 
D)  by injection of a GABA antagonist into the region. 
E)  by infusion of a low dose of ethanol into the region. 
A)  using an injection of kainic acid into the region. 
B)  using an injection of muscimol into the region. 
C)  by local heating of the region using a cryoloop. 
D)  by injection of a GABA antagonist into the region. 
E)  by infusion of a low dose of ethanol into the region.

Question 11

An experimenter wishes to determine the effect of a radio frequency lesion placed in the lateral hypothalamus on emotional behavior in the rat.In order to be able to attribute any changes in emotional behavior to the lesion,this experiment will require a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  sham lesion control group. 
B)  current source. 
C)  aspiration device. 
D)  cooling electrode. 
E)  stereotaxic instrument. 
A)  sham lesion control group. 
B)  current source. 
C)  aspiration device. 
D)  cooling electrode. 
E)  stereotaxic instrument.

Question 12

Infusion of ________ into brain tissue overstimulates _______,thereby ablating cell bodies.

Accepted Answer

A)  PCP; NMDA receptors 
B)  kainic acid; glutamate receptors 
C)  6-hydroxydopamine; NMDA receptors 
D)  PCP; D2 receptors 
E)  THC; CB2 receptors 
A)  PCP; NMDA receptors 
B)  kainic acid; glutamate receptors 
C)  6-hydroxydopamine; NMDA receptors 
D)  PCP; D2 receptors 
E)  THC; CB2 receptors

Question 13

Which technique uses photographic emulsions to record the activity of discrete cells in the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  neuromagnetometer 
B)  microdialysis 
C)  electroencephalograph 
D)  c-FOS 
E)  2-DG autoradiography 
A)  neuromagnetometer 
B)  microdialysis 
C)  electroencephalograph 
D)  c-FOS 
E)  2-DG autoradiography

Question 14

The fine details of neuron structure in a brain section can be revealed by

Accepted Answer

A)  bathing the section in mounting medium. 
B)  immersing the tissue in a stain that dyes neuron components. 
C)  immersion in xylene. 
D)  fixation in albumin. 
E)  visual examination of the raw brain section under a microscope. 
A)  bathing the section in mounting medium. 
B)  immersing the tissue in a stain that dyes neuron components. 
C)  immersion in xylene. 
D)  fixation in albumin. 
E)  visual examination of the raw brain section under a microscope.

Question 15

The ______technique takes advantage of the fact that a particular _____ can open voltage-gated ion channels.

Accepted Answer

A)  optogenetic; light 
B)  photoxicity; light 
C)  TMS; light 
D)  optogenetic; form of glutamate 
E)  photostimulation; magnetic wave 
A)  optogenetic; light 
B)  photoxicity; light 
C)  TMS; light 
D)  optogenetic; form of glutamate 
E)  photostimulation; magnetic wave

Question 16

After death,________ enzymes have the effect of ________ brain tissue.

Accepted Answer

A)  microbial; fixing 
B)  microbial; hardening 
C)  autolytic; dissolving 
D)  mold; preserving 
E)  autolytic; preserving 
A)  microbial; fixing 
B)  microbial; hardening 
C)  autolytic; dissolving 
D)  mold; preserving 
E)  autolytic; preserving

Question 17

Which of the following techniques would be used to trace efferent axons from a brain region to other brain regions?

Accepted Answer

A)  a retrograde labeling method 
B)  staining produced by cresyl violet 
C)  fluorogold 
D)  an anterograde labeling method 
E)  computerized tomography 
A)  a retrograde labeling method 
B)  staining produced by cresyl violet 
C)  fluorogold 
D)  an anterograde labeling method 
E)  computerized tomography

Question 18

Explain how neuroscientists trace the efferent connections of a brain region.

Accepted Answer

A solution of PHA-L is injected into a b

Question 19

The key rationale for lesion studies is that

Accepted Answer

A)  the change in behavior that follows a brain lesion can give important clues about a function of an ablated brain area. 
B)  lesions are simple to create within the brain. 
C)  brain lesions are specific for fibers of passage. 
D)  brain lesions reliably produce marked and observable changes in behaviors. 
E)  most lesions are temporary. 
A)  the change in behavior that follows a brain lesion can give important clues about a function of an ablated brain area. 
B)  lesions are simple to create within the brain. 
C)  brain lesions are specific for fibers of passage. 
D)  brain lesions reliably produce marked and observable changes in behaviors. 
E)  most lesions are temporary.

Question 20

A transmitter such as acetylcholine can be localized in brain by

Accepted Answer

A)  immunocytochemistry. 
B)  detecting the enzyme that produces acetylcholine. 
C)  low-performance liquid chromatography. 
D)  CT scans. 
E)  transcranial magnetic stimulation. 
A)  immunocytochemistry. 
B)  detecting the enzyme that produces acetylcholine. 
C)  low-performance liquid chromatography. 
D)  CT scans. 
E)  transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Cresyl violet is a stain used to identify axon terminals in the brain.

The most commonly used stain for identifying nuclear masses in brain sections is

A key advantage of the fMRI technique is that the method can

The first technique used to visualize a living human brain was that of

A key advantage of ________ lesions is that they affect only neural cell bodies and do not damage axons passing through the region.

Macroelectrodes implanted into human brain are most commonly used

Fraternal twins have identical genotypes.

Identical twins share 100 percent of their genes whereas fraternal twins share,on average,about 50 percent of their genes.

The key difference between function and behavior is that circuits within the brain perform

A temporary disruption of neural activity in a local brain region can be produced

An experimenter wishes to determine the effect of a radio frequency lesion placed in the lateral hypothalamus on emotional behavior in the rat.In order to be able to attribute any changes in emotional behavior to the lesion,this experiment will require a(n)

Infusion of __ into brain tissue overstimulates _,thereby ablating cell bodies.

Which technique uses photographic emulsions to record the activity of discrete cells in the brain?

The fine details of neuron structure in a brain section can be revealed by

The __technique takes advantage of the fact that a particular _ can open voltage-gated ion channels.

After death, enzymes have the effect of brain tissue.

Which of the following techniques would be used to trace efferent axons from a brain region to other brain regions?

Explain how neuroscientists trace the efferent connections of a brain region.

The key rationale for lesion studies is that

A transmitter such as acetylcholine can be localized in brain by

Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience

Structure and Functions of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia, Affective Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Autistic, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity, Stress, and Substance Abuse Disorders

Filters

Exam 5: Methods and Strategies of Research

Cresyl violet is a stain used to identify axon terminals in the brain.

The most commonly used stain for identifying nuclear masses in brain sections is

A key advantage of the fMRI technique is that the method can

The first technique used to visualize a living human brain was that of

A key advantage of ________ lesions is that they affect only neural cell bodies and do not damage axons passing through the region.

Macroelectrodes implanted into human brain are most commonly used

Fraternal twins have identical genotypes.

Identical twins share 100 percent of their genes whereas fraternal twins share,on average,about 50 percent of their genes.

The key difference between function and behavior is that circuits within the brain perform

A temporary disruption of neural activity in a local brain region can be produced

An experimenter wishes to determine the effect of a radio frequency lesion placed in the lateral hypothalamus on emotional behavior in the rat.In order to be able to attribute any changes in emotional behavior to the lesion,this experiment will require a(n)

Infusion of ________ into brain tissue overstimulates _______,thereby ablating cell bodies.

Which technique uses photographic emulsions to record the activity of discrete cells in the brain?

The fine details of neuron structure in a brain section can be revealed by

The ______technique takes advantage of the fact that a particular _____ can open voltage-gated ion channels.

After death,________ enzymes have the effect of ________ brain tissue.

Which of the following techniques would be used to trace efferent axons from a brain region to other brain regions?

Explain how neuroscientists trace the efferent connections of a brain region.

The key rationale for lesion studies is that

A transmitter such as acetylcholine can be localized in brain by

Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience

Structure and Functions of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia, Affective Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Autistic, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity, Stress, and Substance Abuse Disorders

Filters

Infusion of __ into brain tissue overstimulates _,thereby ablating cell bodies.

The __technique takes advantage of the fact that a particular _ can open voltage-gated ion channels.

After death, enzymes have the effect of brain tissue.