Question 1

______ is an immediate early gene product that is increased during neural ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  PHL; inactivation 
B)  Fos; activation 
C)  PHL; activation 
D)  Fos; inactivation 
E)  2-DG; inactivation 
A)  PHL; inactivation 
B)  Fos; activation 
C)  PHL; activation 
D)  Fos; inactivation 
E)  2-DG; inactivation

Question 2

Compare the twin method with the adoption method for the purpose of assessing the contribution of genes versus environment.

Accepted Answer

The twin method identifies identical and

Question 3

Antigens are proteins produced by white blood cells that destroy invading microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following is true of the interaction of magnetic fields and brain function?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neuronal activity results in magnetic field changes. 
B)  Sensors can detect magnetic fields in the brain. 
C)  Magnetic fields can be used to inactivate neuronal activity. 
D)  The effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation are similar to those of direct electrical stimulation of exposed brain tissue. 
E)  All of the above are correct. 
A)  Neuronal activity results in magnetic field changes. 
B)  Sensors can detect magnetic fields in the brain. 
C)  Magnetic fields can be used to inactivate neuronal activity. 
D)  The effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation are similar to those of direct electrical stimulation of exposed brain tissue. 
E)  All of the above are correct.

Question 5

Explain what is meant by the term "excitotoxin."

Accepted Answer

An excitotoxin,such

Question 6

A major advantage of chemical stimulation using glutamate infusion is that

Accepted Answer

A)  it activates cell bodies but not axons. 
B)  it is a less complicated procedure than is electrical stimulation. 
C)  it only activates neurons in cortex. 
D)  it activates axons, but not cell bodies. 
E)  dendrites are inactivated by the technique. 
A)  it activates cell bodies but not axons. 
B)  it is a less complicated procedure than is electrical stimulation. 
C)  it only activates neurons in cortex. 
D)  it activates axons, but not cell bodies. 
E)  dendrites are inactivated by the technique.

Question 7

Which of the following is strong evidence for an environmental contribution to a behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adopted children resemble their biological families with regard to a trait. 
B)  Monozygotic twins have a higher concordance rate than do dizygotic twins. 
C)  Dizygotic twins have a lower concordance rate than do monozygotic twins. 
D)  Adopted children resemble their adopted families with regard to a trait. 
E)  None of the above are correct. 
A)  Adopted children resemble their biological families with regard to a trait. 
B)  Monozygotic twins have a higher concordance rate than do dizygotic twins. 
C)  Dizygotic twins have a lower concordance rate than do monozygotic twins. 
D)  Adopted children resemble their adopted families with regard to a trait. 
E)  None of the above are correct.

Question 8

Peptides or proteins can be localized in brain using

Accepted Answer

A)  immunocytochemistry. 
B)  microiontophoresis. 
C)  in situ hybridization. 
D)  high-performance liquid chromatography. 
E)  microdialysis. 
A)  immunocytochemistry. 
B)  microiontophoresis. 
C)  in situ hybridization. 
D)  high-performance liquid chromatography. 
E)  microdialysis.

Question 9

A common use of PHA-L,a lectin found within kidney beans,is to

Accepted Answer

A)  preserve brain tissue. 
B)  stain cell bodies. 
C)  degrade acetylcholine molecules. 
D)  localize the target of neural efferents. 
E)  localize the source of neural afferents. 
A)  preserve brain tissue. 
B)  stain cell bodies. 
C)  degrade acetylcholine molecules. 
D)  localize the target of neural efferents. 
E)  localize the source of neural afferents.

Question 10

Fluorogold is used in the retrograde tracing procedure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The source of the electrical potentials recorded from the scalp of a subject is

Accepted Answer

A)  the natural flow of electrical current along the outer cell layers of skin. 
B)  the signals generated by the contraction of muscle fibers that lie under the scalp. 
C)  the summated activity of nerve cell action potentials and postsynaptic potentials. 
D)  the signals generated by the activity of the sweat glands in response to stressors. 
E)  movement of ions generated by magnetic currents. 
A)  the natural flow of electrical current along the outer cell layers of skin. 
B)  the signals generated by the contraction of muscle fibers that lie under the scalp. 
C)  the summated activity of nerve cell action potentials and postsynaptic potentials. 
D)  the signals generated by the activity of the sweat glands in response to stressors. 
E)  movement of ions generated by magnetic currents.

Question 12

In surgery that uses the stereotaxic instrument,

Accepted Answer

A)  the head holder is designed to fix the skull in a rigid position. 
B)  the carrier arm can be manipulated in two dimensions. 
C)  stereotaxic surgery does not require coordinates from a brain atlas. 
D)  the procedure is limited to the creation of brain lesions. 
E)  Stereotaxic surgery is limited to animals. 
A)  the head holder is designed to fix the skull in a rigid position. 
B)  the carrier arm can be manipulated in two dimensions. 
C)  stereotaxic surgery does not require coordinates from a brain atlas. 
D)  the procedure is limited to the creation of brain lesions. 
E)  Stereotaxic surgery is limited to animals.

Question 13

Which of the following is a problem for the use of a microscope in the examination of brain tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)  A light microscope cannot resolve fine synaptic details such as synaptic vesicles. 
B)  A light microscope can magnify an image up to X1500, which is sufficient to view some details such as synaptic vesicles. 
C)  Beams of electrons passed through a thin brain section cast a dark shadow on photographic film. 
D)  A light microscope shows better resolution than does an electron microscope. 
E)  A light microscope shows three-dimensional details, which makes for a more difficult histological analysis. 
A)  A light microscope cannot resolve fine synaptic details such as synaptic vesicles. 
B)  A light microscope can magnify an image up to X1500, which is sufficient to view some details such as synaptic vesicles. 
C)  Beams of electrons passed through a thin brain section cast a dark shadow on photographic film. 
D)  A light microscope shows better resolution than does an electron microscope. 
E)  A light microscope shows three-dimensional details, which makes for a more difficult histological analysis.

Question 14

A key advantage of a reversible brain lesion is that

Accepted Answer

A)  axons of passage are not affected by reversible procedures. 
B)  each animal can serve as its own control. 
C)  cell bodies are not affected by reversible procedures. 
D)  such lesions affect brain tissue near the tip of the lesion device. 
E)  the method does not damage adjacent glial cells. 
A)  axons of passage are not affected by reversible procedures. 
B)  each animal can serve as its own control. 
C)  cell bodies are not affected by reversible procedures. 
D)  such lesions affect brain tissue near the tip of the lesion device. 
E)  the method does not damage adjacent glial cells.

Question 15

Which of the following is true of MRI scans?

Accepted Answer

A)  MRI was the first method used to visualize the living human brain. 
B)  MRI scans can only view the horizontal plane. 
C)  MRI scans show greater spatial resolution than do CT scans. 
D)  MRI scans involve the integration of X-ray beams passed through the head. 
E)  MRI scans show less detail than do CT scans. 
A)  MRI was the first method used to visualize the living human brain. 
B)  MRI scans can only view the horizontal plane. 
C)  MRI scans show greater spatial resolution than do CT scans. 
D)  MRI scans involve the integration of X-ray beams passed through the head. 
E)  MRI scans show less detail than do CT scans.

Question 16

A thin slice of brain tissue created by a microtome is often referred to as a brain

Accepted Answer

A)  fragment. 
B)  cut. 
C)  section. 
D)  view. 
E)  segment. 
A)  fragment. 
B)  cut. 
C)  section. 
D)  view. 
E)  segment.

Question 17

The ________ technique uses X-rays to generate an image of the living human brain.

Accepted Answer

A)  EEG 
B)  microdialysis 
C)  magnetic resonance imaging 
D)  computerized tomography scanning 
E)  PET scanning 
A)  EEG 
B)  microdialysis 
C)  magnetic resonance imaging 
D)  computerized tomography scanning 
E)  PET scanning

Question 18

Fixatives such as formalin are used to stop autolysis in brain tissue.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The firing rates of ________ neurons and of ________ neurons fall to zero during REM sleep.

Accepted Answer

A)  noradrenergic; serotonergic 
B)  cholinergic; dopaminergic 
C)  GABA; adenosine 
D)  cholinergic; adenosine 
E)  opioid; dopaminergic 
A)  noradrenergic; serotonergic 
B)  cholinergic; dopaminergic 
C)  GABA; adenosine 
D)  cholinergic; adenosine 
E)  opioid; dopaminergic

Question 20

The metabolic activity of a specific region of the living rat brain can be revealed by

Accepted Answer

A)  MRI scans. 
B)  CT scans. 
C)  autoradiography of ghrelin concentration. 
D)  measurement of Fos protein concentration. 
E)  EEG recordings. 
A)  MRI scans. 
B)  CT scans. 
C)  autoradiography of ghrelin concentration. 
D)  measurement of Fos protein concentration. 
E)  EEG recordings.

is an immediate early gene product that is increased during neural .

Compare the twin method with the adoption method for the purpose of assessing the contribution of genes versus environment.

Antigens are proteins produced by white blood cells that destroy invading microorganisms.

Which of the following is true of the interaction of magnetic fields and brain function?

Explain what is meant by the term "excitotoxin."

A major advantage of chemical stimulation using glutamate infusion is that

Which of the following is strong evidence for an environmental contribution to a behavior?

Peptides or proteins can be localized in brain using

A common use of PHA-L,a lectin found within kidney beans,is to

Fluorogold is used in the retrograde tracing procedure.

The source of the electrical potentials recorded from the scalp of a subject is

In surgery that uses the stereotaxic instrument,

Which of the following is a problem for the use of a microscope in the examination of brain tissue?

A key advantage of a reversible brain lesion is that

Which of the following is true of MRI scans?

A thin slice of brain tissue created by a microtome is often referred to as a brain

The ________ technique uses X-rays to generate an image of the living human brain.

Fixatives such as formalin are used to stop autolysis in brain tissue.

The firing rates of neurons and of neurons fall to zero during REM sleep.

The metabolic activity of a specific region of the living rat brain can be revealed by

Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience

Structure and Functions of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia, Affective Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Autistic, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity, Stress, and Substance Abuse Disorders

Filters

Exam 5: Methods and Strategies of Research

______ is an immediate early gene product that is increased during neural ______.

Compare the twin method with the adoption method for the purpose of assessing the contribution of genes versus environment.

Antigens are proteins produced by white blood cells that destroy invading microorganisms.

Which of the following is true of the interaction of magnetic fields and brain function?

Explain what is meant by the term "excitotoxin."

A major advantage of chemical stimulation using glutamate infusion is that

Which of the following is strong evidence for an environmental contribution to a behavior?

Peptides or proteins can be localized in brain using

A common use of PHA-L,a lectin found within kidney beans,is to

Fluorogold is used in the retrograde tracing procedure.

The source of the electrical potentials recorded from the scalp of a subject is

In surgery that uses the stereotaxic instrument,

Which of the following is a problem for the use of a microscope in the examination of brain tissue?

A key advantage of a reversible brain lesion is that

Which of the following is true of MRI scans?

A thin slice of brain tissue created by a microtome is often referred to as a brain

The ________ technique uses X-rays to generate an image of the living human brain.

Fixatives such as formalin are used to stop autolysis in brain tissue.

The firing rates of ________ neurons and of ________ neurons fall to zero during REM sleep.

The metabolic activity of a specific region of the living rat brain can be revealed by

Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience

Structure and Functions of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia, Affective Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Autistic, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity, Stress, and Substance Abuse Disorders

Filters

is an immediate early gene product that is increased during neural .

The firing rates of neurons and of neurons fall to zero during REM sleep.