Question 1

The term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from a single site is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  amphitrichous 
B)  lophotrichous 
C)  atrichous 
D)  peritrichous 
E)  monotrichous 
A)  amphitrichous 
B)  lophotrichous 
C)  atrichous 
D)  peritrichous 
E)  monotrichous B

Question 2

Mycobacterium and Nocardia are different from most gram-positive bacteria in that their cell walls

Accepted Answer

A)  contain a layer of lipopolysaccharide. 
B)  contain more peptidoglycan. 
C)  are easily decolorized during staining. 
D)  contain unique, waxy lipids. 
A)  contain a layer of lipopolysaccharide. 
B)  contain more peptidoglycan. 
C)  are easily decolorized during staining. 
D)  contain unique, waxy lipids. D

Question 3

Flagella move in a whip-like motion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

When bacilli in a chain fold back upon each other like a hinge,this cellular arrangement is termed a ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  strep 
B)  staph 
C)  sarcina 
D)  tetrad 
E)  palisade 
A)  strep 
B)  staph 
C)  sarcina 
D)  tetrad 
E)  palisade

Question 5

The most immediate result of destruction of a cell's ribosomes would be that

Accepted Answer

A)  material would not cross the cell membrane. 
B)  the chromosome would unravel. 
C)  protein synthesis would stop. 
D)  holes would appear in the capsule. 
E)  glycogen inclusions would form. 
A)  material would not cross the cell membrane. 
B)  the chromosome would unravel. 
C)  protein synthesis would stop. 
D)  holes would appear in the capsule. 
E)  glycogen inclusions would form.

Question 6

Spirochetes are able to move due to ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  cilia serving as walking feet 
B)  a membrane-bound flagellum 
C)  glycocalyx for gliding motility 
D)  a periplasmic flagellum 
E)  pseudopods 
A)  cilia serving as walking feet 
B)  a membrane-bound flagellum 
C)  glycocalyx for gliding motility 
D)  a periplasmic flagellum 
E)  pseudopods

Question 7

The short,numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  periplasmic flagella (axial filaments) 
B)  flagella 
C)  fimbriae 
D)  cilia 
E)  pili 
A)  periplasmic flagella (axial filaments) 
B)  flagella 
C)  fimbriae 
D)  cilia 
E)  pili

Question 8

Which is the correct order for the application of reagents in the Gram stain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Crystal violet, iodine, alcohol/acetone, safranin 
B)  Iodine, safranin, crystal violet, alcohol/acetone 
C)  Crystal violet, alcohol/acetone, iodine, safranin 
D)  Crystal violet, safranin, iodine, alcohol/acetone 
E)  Safranin, crystal violet, alcohol/acetone, iodine 
A)  Crystal violet, iodine, alcohol/acetone, safranin 
B)  Iodine, safranin, crystal violet, alcohol/acetone 
C)  Crystal violet, alcohol/acetone, iodine, safranin 
D)  Crystal violet, safranin, iodine, alcohol/acetone 
E)  Safranin, crystal violet, alcohol/acetone, iodine

Question 9

The bacterial flagellum has three components.In order from the cytoplasm to the external environment,they are ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  hook, basal body, and filament 
B)  filament, hook, and basal body 
C)  filament, basal body, and hook 
D)  basal body, hook, and filament 
E)  basal body, filament, and hook 
A)  hook, basal body, and filament 
B)  filament, hook, and basal body 
C)  filament, basal body, and hook 
D)  basal body, hook, and filament 
E)  basal body, filament, and hook

Question 10

Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endotoxin can cause septic shock in the human body. 
B)  Endotoxin is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls. 
C)  Endotoxin can stimulate fever in the human body. 
D)  Endotoxin is a bacterial cell wall lipid. 
A)  Endotoxin can cause septic shock in the human body. 
B)  Endotoxin is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls. 
C)  Endotoxin can stimulate fever in the human body. 
D)  Endotoxin is a bacterial cell wall lipid.

Question 11

Endospores of certain bacterial species can enter tissues in the human body,germinate,and cause an infectious disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Boiling water (100°C)can normally destroy endospores.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A research laboratory that identifies the subspecies of bacterial isolates from a recent Salmonella epidemic would refer to Bergey's Manual of ______ Bacteriology for guidance in identification.

Accepted Answer

A)  Systematic 
B)  Classical 
C)  Evolutionary 
D)  Determinative 
A)  Systematic 
B)  Classical 
C)  Evolutionary 
D)  Determinative

Question 14

Bacterial endospores are produced by ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Entamoeba 
B)  Bacillus 
C)  Mycoplasma 
D)  Staphylococcus 
A)  Entamoeba 
B)  Bacillus 
C)  Mycoplasma 
D)  Staphylococcus

Question 15

Lysozyme is most effective against ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  gram-positive organisms 
B)  archaea 
C)  mycoplasmas 
D)  cyanobacteria 
E)  gram-negative organisms 
A)  gram-positive organisms 
B)  archaea 
C)  mycoplasmas 
D)  cyanobacteria 
E)  gram-negative organisms

Question 16

Which of the following statements regarding chemotaxis is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  In a cell with peritrichous flagella, each flagellum moves individually but in a coordinated direction during a run. 
B)  In a tumble, the flagellum reverses direction, causing the cell to stop moving and change course. 
C)  When a cell detects a nutrient gradient, it will increase the frequency of runs to move toward the nutrient. 
D)  The fuel for flagellar motion is not ATP, but a proton gradient. 
A)  In a cell with peritrichous flagella, each flagellum moves individually but in a coordinated direction during a run. 
B)  In a tumble, the flagellum reverses direction, causing the cell to stop moving and change course. 
C)  When a cell detects a nutrient gradient, it will increase the frequency of runs to move toward the nutrient. 
D)  The fuel for flagellar motion is not ATP, but a proton gradient.

Question 17

Mycobacterium and Nocardia are distinguished from other bacteria by the ______ stain.

Accepted Answer

A)  endospore 
B)  basic 
C)  methylene blue 
D)  Gram 
E)  acid-fast 
A)  endospore 
B)  basic 
C)  methylene blue 
D)  Gram 
E)  acid-fast

Question 18

The process of sporangium formation and endospore maturation requires 6-8 hours.What is most likely to result if the temperature of the environment was raised to 100°C about 2 hours after the process started?

Accepted Answer

A)  The chromosome in the endospore would likely carry mutations. 
B)  The endospore would form more slowly and be heat resistant. 
C)  The endospore would form properly but would be unable to germinate. 
D)  The organism would be termed a hyperthermophile. 
E)  The endospore would not form properly because it is not yet heat resistant. 
A)  The chromosome in the endospore would likely carry mutations. 
B)  The endospore would form more slowly and be heat resistant. 
C)  The endospore would form properly but would be unable to germinate. 
D)  The organism would be termed a hyperthermophile. 
E)  The endospore would not form properly because it is not yet heat resistant.

Question 19

The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  cell membrane 
B)  flagella 
C)  cell wall 
D)  ribosomes 
A)  cell membrane 
B)  flagella 
C)  cell wall 
D)  ribosomes

Question 20

The division of microbes termed the Mendosicutes have a cell wall type best described as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  lacking a cell wall 
B)  archaeal 
C)  gram-positive 
D)  gram-negative 
A)  lacking a cell wall 
B)  archaeal 
C)  gram-positive 
D)  gram-negative

Exam 4: Bacteria and Archaea

The term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from a single site is ______.

Mycobacterium and Nocardia are different from most gram-positive bacteria in that their cell walls

Flagella move in a whip-like motion.

When bacilli in a chain fold back upon each other like a hinge,this cellular arrangement is termed a ______.

The most immediate result of destruction of a cell's ribosomes would be that

Spirochetes are able to move due to ______.

The short,numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called ______.

Which is the correct order for the application of reagents in the Gram stain?

The bacterial flagellum has three components.In order from the cytoplasm to the external environment,they are ______.

Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxin?

Endospores of certain bacterial species can enter tissues in the human body,germinate,and cause an infectious disease.

Boiling water (100°C)can normally destroy endospores.

A research laboratory that identifies the subspecies of bacterial isolates from a recent Salmonella epidemic would refer to Bergey's Manual of ______ Bacteriology for guidance in identification.

Bacterial endospores are produced by ______.

Lysozyme is most effective against ______.

Which of the following statements regarding chemotaxis is incorrect?

Mycobacterium and Nocardia are distinguished from other bacteria by the ______ stain.

The process of sporangium formation and endospore maturation requires 6-8 hours.What is most likely to result if the temperature of the environment was raised to 100°C about 2 hours after the process started?

The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the ______.

The division of microbes termed the Mendosicutes have a cell wall type best described as ______.

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing of Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

An Introduction to the Viruses

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Microbial Metabolism: The Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Engineering and Recombinant Dna

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Microbe-Human Interactions: Health and Disease

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

Microbes and the Environment

Applied Microbiology and Food and Water Safety

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