Question 1

Select the statement that explains the usefulness of metagenomic analysis in research today.

Accepted Answer

A)  It evaluates microbial diversity in a habitat. 
B)  It allows the identification of unculturable microorganisms. 
C)  It detects the abundance of microorganisms in an environment. 
D)  All of these are correct statements. 
A)  It evaluates microbial diversity in a habitat. 
B)  It allows the identification of unculturable microorganisms. 
C)  It detects the abundance of microorganisms in an environment. 
D)  All of these are correct statements. D

Question 2

Which of the following processes is not a part of metagenomic analysis of an environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reverse transcription 
B)  DNA sequence assembly 
C)  Extraction of DNA from original sample 
D)  High-throughput sequencing 
E)  Polymerase chain reaction 
A)  Reverse transcription 
B)  DNA sequence assembly 
C)  Extraction of DNA from original sample 
D)  High-throughput sequencing 
E)  Polymerase chain reaction A

Question 3

The thin envelope of life that surrounds the earth's surface is called the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrosphere 
B)  lithosphere 
C)  biosphere 
D)  atmosphere 
E)  ecosystem 
A)  hydrosphere 
B)  lithosphere 
C)  biosphere 
D)  atmosphere 
E)  ecosystem C

Question 4

Carbon dioxide (CO2)is

Accepted Answer

A)  removed from the atmosphere during photosynthesis. 
B)  a source of carbon for autotrophs. 
C)  returned to the atmosphere during respiration and fermentation. 
D)  used by marine organisms to make limestone for their hard shells. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  removed from the atmosphere during photosynthesis. 
B)  a source of carbon for autotrophs. 
C)  returned to the atmosphere during respiration and fermentation. 
D)  used by marine organisms to make limestone for their hard shells. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 5

Chemical elements needed in trace amounts for biochemical reactions have a biogeochemical cycle,including boron,chromium,manganese,and cobalt.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Mycorrhizae are the mutualistic relationship between fungi and the roots of certain plants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which organism is a nitrogen-fixing symbiont of legumes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clostridium 
B)  Pseudomonas 
C)  Rhizobium 
D)  Nitrobacter 
A)  Clostridium 
B)  Pseudomonas 
C)  Rhizobium 
D)  Nitrobacter

Question 8

The zone of soil around roots of plants is called the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  biosphere 
B)  lithosphere 
C)  rhizosphere 
D)  hydrosphere 
E)  ionosphere 
A)  biosphere 
B)  lithosphere 
C)  rhizosphere 
D)  hydrosphere 
E)  ionosphere

Question 9

Vast numbers of microorganisms are being genetically characterized without culturing them in the laboratory today through ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  mass spectrometry and proteomics 
B)  polymerase chain reaction 
C)  column chromatography 
D)  metagenomic sequencing 
A)  mass spectrometry and proteomics 
B)  polymerase chain reaction 
C)  column chromatography 
D)  metagenomic sequencing

Question 10

Which of the following statements regarding red tides is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Toxins produced by dinoflagellates are skin irritants. 
B)  Red tides are also known as harmful algal blooms (HABs). 
C)  Dinoflagellates produce a toxin that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning. 
D)  Red tides result from an overgrowth of dinoflagellates. 
A)  Toxins produced by dinoflagellates are skin irritants. 
B)  Red tides are also known as harmful algal blooms (HABs). 
C)  Dinoflagellates produce a toxin that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning. 
D)  Red tides result from an overgrowth of dinoflagellates.

Question 11

Organisms that inhabit soil or water and breakdown and absorb the organic matter of dead organisms are called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  autotrophs 
B)  decomposers 
C)  secondary consumers 
D)  primary consumers 
A)  autotrophs 
B)  decomposers 
C)  secondary consumers 
D)  primary consumers

Question 12

You have drained a pond on your property to make it deeper.In the process of using a machine to dig,you find that the mud is black and smells terrible.Your prediction is that ______ bacteria predominate in this area of the mud.

Accepted Answer

A)  denitrifying 
B)  sulfur-reducing 
C)  sulfur-oxidizing 
D)  nitrifying 
E)  nitrogen-fixing 
A)  denitrifying 
B)  sulfur-reducing 
C)  sulfur-oxidizing 
D)  nitrifying 
E)  nitrogen-fixing

Question 13

The slowly decaying organic litter from plant and animal tissues that is found in the soil is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  the lithosphere 
B)  detritus 
C)  aggregate 
D)  a biofilm 
A)  the lithosphere 
B)  detritus 
C)  aggregate 
D)  a biofilm

Question 14

Which of the following organisms anaerobically reduces sulfates to hydrogen sulfide or metal sulfide?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thiobacillus ferrooxidans 
B)  Nitrosococcus 
C)  Desulfovibrio 
D)  Thiobacillus thiooxidans 
E)  Rhizobium 
A)  Thiobacillus ferrooxidans 
B)  Nitrosococcus 
C)  Desulfovibrio 
D)  Thiobacillus thiooxidans 
E)  Rhizobium

Question 15

A group of organisms of the same genus within a community is called a ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  biome 
B)  community 
C)  habitat 
D)  niche 
E)  population 
A)  biome 
B)  community 
C)  habitat 
D)  niche 
E)  population

Question 16

The full extent of the diversity and abundance of life on earth has only been understood in the past few years as a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  microscopy techniques to identify the vast quantity of viruses present in all environments. 
B)  advances in deep oceanography and deep earth mining engineering. 
C)  environmental movements to preserve parks, coral reefs, and glaciers. 
D)  techniques to identify organisms that do not rely on culturing. 
A)  microscopy techniques to identify the vast quantity of viruses present in all environments. 
B)  advances in deep oceanography and deep earth mining engineering. 
C)  environmental movements to preserve parks, coral reefs, and glaciers. 
D)  techniques to identify organisms that do not rely on culturing.

Question 17

You have been using massive amounts of weed killer and insecticide to kill weeds in your yard,as well as the grubs and aphids that are munching on your roses and your grass.What effect might this have from a microbiological standpoint?

Accepted Answer

A)  Loss of microbial diversity in the soil 
B)  Reduction in microbial numbers in the soil 
C)  Damage to the nitrogen fixing bacteria 
D)  Damage to the mycorrhizae 
E)  All of the above may be effects of this practice. 
A)  Loss of microbial diversity in the soil 
B)  Reduction in microbial numbers in the soil 
C)  Damage to the nitrogen fixing bacteria 
D)  Damage to the mycorrhizae 
E)  All of the above may be effects of this practice.

Question 18

The mutualistic partnership between plant roots and microbes is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  basidia 
B)  lichens 
C)  mycorrhizae 
D)  rhizopods 
E)  hyphae 
A)  basidia 
B)  lichens 
C)  mycorrhizae 
D)  rhizopods 
E)  hyphae

Question 19

The oxidation of ammonia (NH4+)to nitrate (NO3-)and nitrite (NO2-)is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen fixation 
B)  nitrification 
C)  ammonification 
D)  photosynthesis 
E)  denitrification 
A)  nitrogen fixation 
B)  nitrification 
C)  ammonification 
D)  photosynthesis 
E)  denitrification

Question 20

Which of the following is true of water-saturated soils?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have a low carbon dioxide content. 
B)  They contain anaerobes. 
C)  They have a high oxygen content. 
D)  They provide gases for soil microbes. 
A)  They have a low carbon dioxide content. 
B)  They contain anaerobes. 
C)  They have a high oxygen content. 
D)  They provide gases for soil microbes.

Exam 24: Microbes and the Environment

Select the statement that explains the usefulness of metagenomic analysis in research today.

Which of the following processes is not a part of metagenomic analysis of an environment?

The thin envelope of life that surrounds the earth's surface is called the ______.

Carbon dioxide (CO2)is

Chemical elements needed in trace amounts for biochemical reactions have a biogeochemical cycle,including boron,chromium,manganese,and cobalt.

Mycorrhizae are the mutualistic relationship between fungi and the roots of certain plants.

Which organism is a nitrogen-fixing symbiont of legumes?

The zone of soil around roots of plants is called the ______.

Vast numbers of microorganisms are being genetically characterized without culturing them in the laboratory today through ______.

Which of the following statements regarding red tides is incorrect?

Organisms that inhabit soil or water and breakdown and absorb the organic matter of dead organisms are called ______.

You have drained a pond on your property to make it deeper.In the process of using a machine to dig,you find that the mud is black and smells terrible.Your prediction is that ______ bacteria predominate in this area of the mud.

The slowly decaying organic litter from plant and animal tissues that is found in the soil is called ______.

Which of the following organisms anaerobically reduces sulfates to hydrogen sulfide or metal sulfide?

A group of organisms of the same genus within a community is called a ______.

The full extent of the diversity and abundance of life on earth has only been understood in the past few years as a result of

You have been using massive amounts of weed killer and insecticide to kill weeds in your yard,as well as the grubs and aphids that are munching on your roses and your grass.What effect might this have from a microbiological standpoint?

The mutualistic partnership between plant roots and microbes is ______.

The oxidation of ammonia (NH4+)to nitrate (NO3-)and nitrite (NO2-)is called ______.

Which of the following is true of water-saturated soils?

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing of Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

An Introduction to the Viruses

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Microbial Metabolism: The Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Engineering and Recombinant Dna

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Microbe-Human Interactions: Health and Disease

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

Applied Microbiology and Food and Water Safety

Filters

Carbon dioxide (CO₂)is

The oxidation of ammonia (NH₄⁺)to nitrate (NO₃^-)and nitrite (NO₂^-)is called ______.