Question 1

Virulent pathogens are

Accepted Answer

A) more likely to cause disease. 
B) more likely to cause severe disease. 
C) unable to cause disease. 
D) more likely to be opportunists. 
A) more likely to cause disease. 
B) more likely to cause severe disease. 
C) unable to cause disease. 
D) more likely to be opportunists.

Question 2

Typically,adhesins

Accepted Answer

A) are found on pili. 
B) help bacteria attach to host cells. 
C) are proteins. 
D) are found on host cells. 
E) are found on pili,help bacteria attach to host cells,AND are proteins. 
A) are found on pili. 
B) help bacteria attach to host cells. 
C) are proteins. 
D) are found on host cells. 
E) are found on pili,help bacteria attach to host cells,AND are proteins.

Question 3

A relationship in which one partner benefits and the other is harmed is termed

Accepted Answer

A) commensalism. 
B) parasitism. 
C) independence. 
D) mutualism. 
A) commensalism. 
B) parasitism. 
C) independence. 
D) mutualism.

Question 4

Growth of a parasitic organism in or on the host is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) colonization. 
B) infection. 
C) pathogenism. 
D) mutualism. 
A) colonization. 
B) infection. 
C) pathogenism. 
D) mutualism.

Question 5

The composition of the normal microbiota may be affected by

Accepted Answer

A) hormonal changes. 
B) use of antibiotics. 
C) obesity level. 
D) diet. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) hormonal changes. 
B) use of antibiotics. 
C) obesity level. 
D) diet. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 6

Obligate intracellular parasites may be grown in special synthetic media.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The normal microbiota provides protection against potentially harmful organisms and stimulates the immune system.Why would the immune responses to members of the normal microbiota cross-react with pathogens?

Accepted Answer

A) Because one person's normal microbiota is another person's pathogen-when we pick up "normal" microbes from a different person,they will always cause infection within us. 
B) Because pathogens are oftentimes more virulent strains of our own normal microbial microbiota,so they will "look" roughly the same to our immune system (and be acted upon by our immune responses). 
C) Because the normal microbiota keeps the adaptive immune responses tuned up,active,and ready to respond to broad,general categories of microbes (i.e.,Gram-positive vs.Gram-negative microbes,viruses,etc.). 
D) Because the immune system is a "use it or lose it" system.If it isn't used on a regular basis,we completely lose the ability to respond to pathogens.The normal microbiota keeps the system going so that it can be ready to respond to such pathogens when we're exposed to them. 
A) Because one person's normal microbiota is another person's pathogen-when we pick up "normal" microbes from a different person,they will always cause infection within us. 
B) Because pathogens are oftentimes more virulent strains of our own normal microbial microbiota,so they will "look" roughly the same to our immune system (and be acted upon by our immune responses). 
C) Because the normal microbiota keeps the adaptive immune responses tuned up,active,and ready to respond to broad,general categories of microbes (i.e.,Gram-positive vs.Gram-negative microbes,viruses,etc.). 
D) Because the immune system is a "use it or lose it" system.If it isn't used on a regular basis,we completely lose the ability to respond to pathogens.The normal microbiota keeps the system going so that it can be ready to respond to such pathogens when we're exposed to them.

Question 8

The connection between a particular organism and a specific disease was first made by

Accepted Answer

A) Jenner. 
B) Pasteur. 
C) Koch. 
D) Leeuwenhoek. 
A) Jenner. 
B) Pasteur. 
C) Koch. 
D) Leeuwenhoek.

Question 9

The spread of toxin via circulation is called

Accepted Answer

A) septicemia. 
B) bacteremia. 
C) sepsis. 
D) toxemia. 
A) septicemia. 
B) bacteremia. 
C) sepsis. 
D) toxemia.

Question 10

The series of steps used to connect an organism to a disease are known as

Accepted Answer

A) Pasteur's postulates. 
B) Lister's aseptics. 
C) Linnaeus taxonomics. 
D) Koch's postulates. 
A) Pasteur's postulates. 
B) Lister's aseptics. 
C) Linnaeus taxonomics. 
D) Koch's postulates.

Question 11

Which of the following would be considered a sign of a disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Headache 
B) Pain 
C) Nausea 
D) Fever of 39$\circ$C 
A) Headache 
B) Pain 
C) Nausea 
D) Fever of 39$\circ$C

Question 12

Infection always leads to disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Newborn babies acquire microbiota by

Accepted Answer

A) passing through the birth canal. 
B) breastfeeding. 
C) contact with mother's skin. 
D) environment. 
E) All of the above are a source of microbiota. 
A) passing through the birth canal. 
B) breastfeeding. 
C) contact with mother's skin. 
D) environment. 
E) All of the above are a source of microbiota.

Question 14

The damage caused by parasites may be due to

Accepted Answer

A) competition for nutrients. 
B) the physical blocking of organs. 
C) the direct digestion of host tissue. 
D) the host's immune response. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) competition for nutrients. 
B) the physical blocking of organs. 
C) the direct digestion of host tissue. 
D) the host's immune response. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 15

A relationship in which one partner benefits and the other is unaffected is termed

Accepted Answer

A) commensalism. 
B) parasitism. 
C) independence. 
D) mutualism. 
A) commensalism. 
B) parasitism. 
C) independence. 
D) mutualism.

Question 16

In two of Koch's postulates (#2 and #3),a pure culture of the organism is required.Which of the following would NOT be a possible consequence of using a contaminated culture?

Accepted Answer

A) You can't necessarily attribute the illness directly to the microbe in question-it may in fact be caused by the contaminating microbe. 
B) There's the possibility that the test animal might be acutely susceptible to the contaminating microbe,but completely resistant to the microbe you suspect causes the illness of interest.As such,when you introduce it into the test animal,it could confuse your final results. 
C) The problem is that one microbe may be toxic to the other.It may have killed all of your suspect microbe in the culture.Therefore,you can't be sure that you're infecting your test animals with the microbe you suspect is causing the illness,or if it's only the second (contaminating)microbe. 
D) Even though there's a contaminating microbe present,so long as the original suspect microbe is also present,the disease should still manifest in test animals.It should also still be recoverable from test animals following infection.As such,there's really no consequence to using a contaminated culture. 
A) You can't necessarily attribute the illness directly to the microbe in question-it may in fact be caused by the contaminating microbe. 
B) There's the possibility that the test animal might be acutely susceptible to the contaminating microbe,but completely resistant to the microbe you suspect causes the illness of interest.As such,when you introduce it into the test animal,it could confuse your final results. 
C) The problem is that one microbe may be toxic to the other.It may have killed all of your suspect microbe in the culture.Therefore,you can't be sure that you're infecting your test animals with the microbe you suspect is causing the illness,or if it's only the second (contaminating)microbe. 
D) Even though there's a contaminating microbe present,so long as the original suspect microbe is also present,the disease should still manifest in test animals.It should also still be recoverable from test animals following infection.As such,there's really no consequence to using a contaminated culture.

Question 17

Which of the following factors is not considered important for the establishment of an infection?

Accepted Answer

A) Adherence 
B) Dose 
C) Toxicity 
D) Virulence factors 
A) Adherence 
B) Dose 
C) Toxicity 
D) Virulence factors

Question 18

People who carry and may spread pathogenic organisms without any overt symptoms of illness are called

Accepted Answer

A) primary infections. 
B) secondary infections. 
C) mutualists. 
D) carriers. 
A) primary infections. 
B) secondary infections. 
C) mutualists. 
D) carriers.

Question 19

The number of organisms necessary to insure infection is termed the

Accepted Answer

A) infectious dose. 
B) fatal number. 
C) minimum lethal dose. 
D) pathogenic number. 
A) infectious dose. 
B) fatal number. 
C) minimum lethal dose. 
D) pathogenic number.

Question 20

Opportunists or opportunistic pathogens

Accepted Answer

A) are usually saprophytes. 
B) take advantage of special circumstances. 
C) are usually mutualistic. 
D) always cause disease. 
A) are usually saprophytes. 
B) take advantage of special circumstances. 
C) are usually mutualistic. 
D) always cause disease.

Exam 16: Host-Microbe Interactions

Virulent pathogens are

Typically,adhesins

A relationship in which one partner benefits and the other is harmed is termed

Growth of a parasitic organism in or on the host is referred to as

The composition of the normal microbiota may be affected by

Obligate intracellular parasites may be grown in special synthetic media.

The normal microbiota provides protection against potentially harmful organisms and stimulates the immune system.Why would the immune responses to members of the normal microbiota cross-react with pathogens?

The connection between a particular organism and a specific disease was first made by

The spread of toxin via circulation is called

The series of steps used to connect an organism to a disease are known as

Which of the following would be considered a sign of a disease?

Infection always leads to disease.

Newborn babies acquire microbiota by

The damage caused by parasites may be due to

A relationship in which one partner benefits and the other is unaffected is termed

In two of Koch's postulates (#2 and #3),a pure culture of the organism is required.Which of the following would NOT be a possible consequence of using a contaminated culture?

Which of the following factors is not considered important for the establishment of an infection?

People who carry and may spread pathogenic organisms without any overt symptoms of illness are called

The number of organisms necessary to insure infection is termed the

Opportunists or opportunistic pathogens

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Prokaryotic Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, From DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA

Identification and Classification of Prokaryotic Organisms

The Diversity of Prokaryotic Organisms

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Immunologic Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

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