Question 1

Which microscope would be the BEST selection for examination of a virus?

Accepted Answer

A) Confocal scanning laser microscope 
B) Atomic force microscope 
C) Dark-field light microscope 
D) Scanning electron microscope 
A) Confocal scanning laser microscope 
B) Atomic force microscope 
C) Dark-field light microscope 
D) Scanning electron microscope

Question 2

The structures used for motility in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes are

Accepted Answer

A) cilia. 
B) flagella. 
C) pili. 
D) fimbriae. 
A) cilia. 
B) flagella. 
C) pili. 
D) fimbriae.

Question 3

Extrachromasomal DNA is found in ____________________________.

Accepted Answer

A) mitochondria 
B) plasmids 
C) nucleoid 
D) nucleoli 
E) mitochondria AND plasmids 
A) mitochondria 
B) plasmids 
C) nucleoid 
D) nucleoli 
E) mitochondria AND plasmids

Question 4

The macromolecule found in the cell walls of all bacteria is

Accepted Answer

A) lipid 
B) teichoic acid. 
C) peptidoglycan. 
D) glycocalyx. 
A) lipid 
B) teichoic acid. 
C) peptidoglycan. 
D) glycocalyx.

Question 5

The cytoplasmic membrane of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes functions to

Accepted Answer

A) form endoplasmic reticulum. 
B) produce energy. 
C) regulate movement of molecules that enter and leave the cell. 
D) form lysosomes and Golgi apparatus. 
A) form endoplasmic reticulum. 
B) produce energy. 
C) regulate movement of molecules that enter and leave the cell. 
D) form lysosomes and Golgi apparatus.

Question 6

Penicillin would be most effective against

Accepted Answer

A) non-growing bacteria. 
B) growing bacteria. 
C) Gram-positive bacteria. 
D) Gram-negative bacteria. 
E) growing bacteria AND Gram-positive bacteria. 
A) non-growing bacteria. 
B) growing bacteria. 
C) Gram-positive bacteria. 
D) Gram-negative bacteria. 
E) growing bacteria AND Gram-positive bacteria.

Question 7

Your instructor wants you to bring in an example of a biofilm to your lab.Which choice is the best selection for bringing in an intact biofilm for further study?

Accepted Answer

A) Disconnecting and bringing in the old,mildewed showerhead from the showers in your dorm 
B) Scraping the mold off of the shower curtain in your dorm's bathroom into a paper cup using a butter knife 
C) Using a toothpick to scrape plaque off of your teeth and smearing it onto a slide to bring in to lab 
D) Wiping a sponge across a slimy boulder in a stream in a nearby park and bringing it in to lab 
A) Disconnecting and bringing in the old,mildewed showerhead from the showers in your dorm 
B) Scraping the mold off of the shower curtain in your dorm's bathroom into a paper cup using a butter knife 
C) Using a toothpick to scrape plaque off of your teeth and smearing it onto a slide to bring in to lab 
D) Wiping a sponge across a slimy boulder in a stream in a nearby park and bringing it in to lab

Question 8

Which of the following microscope types would be least useful in viewing unstained living cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Phase contrast 
B) Interference 
C) Bright-field 
D) Dark-field 
A) Phase contrast 
B) Interference 
C) Bright-field 
D) Dark-field

Question 9

The microscope that allows the specimen to appear three-dimensional is the

Accepted Answer

A) phase contrast microscope. 
B) interference microscope. 
C) fluorescence microscope. 
D) dark-field microscope. 
A) phase contrast microscope. 
B) interference microscope. 
C) fluorescence microscope. 
D) dark-field microscope.

Question 10

Immunofluorescence

Accepted Answer

A) uses fluorescently tagged molecules. 
B) makes use of the specificity in binding of antibodies. 
C) utilizes acridine orange. 
D) would require a special UV microscope. 
E) uses fluorescently tagged molecules,makes use of the specificity in binding of antibodies,AND would require a special UV microscope. 
A) uses fluorescently tagged molecules. 
B) makes use of the specificity in binding of antibodies. 
C) utilizes acridine orange. 
D) would require a special UV microscope. 
E) uses fluorescently tagged molecules,makes use of the specificity in binding of antibodies,AND would require a special UV microscope.

Question 11

Most solutes pass through the cytoplasmic membrane via

Accepted Answer

A) osmosis. 
B) diffusion. 
C) transport proteins. 
D) secretion. 
A) osmosis. 
B) diffusion. 
C) transport proteins. 
D) secretion.

Question 12

The membranes of eukaryotes and mycoplasma

Accepted Answer

A) contain peptidoglycan. 
B) contain sterols for "strength." 
C) contain ergosterol. 
D) are fixed static structures. 
A) contain peptidoglycan. 
B) contain sterols for "strength." 
C) contain ergosterol. 
D) are fixed static structures.

Question 13

Basic dyes

Accepted Answer

A) have negative charges. 
B) have positive charges. 
C) are electrically neutral. 
D) contain both positively and negatively charged particles. 
A) have negative charges. 
B) have positive charges. 
C) are electrically neutral. 
D) contain both positively and negatively charged particles.

Question 14

Prokaryotes may ingest particles via phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Endospores are

Accepted Answer

A) a dormant cell type. 
B) a form of reproduction. 
C) an obligate intracellular parasite. 
D) sensitive to damaging environmental conditions. 
A) a dormant cell type. 
B) a form of reproduction. 
C) an obligate intracellular parasite. 
D) sensitive to damaging environmental conditions.

Question 16

Facilitated diffusion and active transport

Accepted Answer

A) both transport molecules into or out of a cell. 
B) are both not very specific as to which molecules are transported. 
C) both require a concentration gradient to function. 
D) both require an expenditure of energy in order to transport the molecules. 
E) both require a concentration gradient to function AND both require an expenditure of energy in order to transport the molecules. 
A) both transport molecules into or out of a cell. 
B) are both not very specific as to which molecules are transported. 
C) both require a concentration gradient to function. 
D) both require an expenditure of energy in order to transport the molecules. 
E) both require a concentration gradient to function AND both require an expenditure of energy in order to transport the molecules.

Question 17

An electron microscope must use electromagnet "lenses" shaped like donuts to direct the electrons onto the specimen.Why?

Accepted Answer

A) Electrons are particles-there are also particles in air.Without a vacuum,the electrons would strike and be scattered by the atoms/particles within the air. 
B) Because electrons are highly radioactive,and the chamber must be completely sealed to prevent them from escaping and contaminating the lab area. 
C) This is the method for fixing the specimen to the slide grid for an electron microscope.Without fixing the specimen by vacuum,it would slide off and we wouldn't be able to visualize it. 
D) All of the above are true. 
A) Electrons are particles-there are also particles in air.Without a vacuum,the electrons would strike and be scattered by the atoms/particles within the air. 
B) Because electrons are highly radioactive,and the chamber must be completely sealed to prevent them from escaping and contaminating the lab area. 
C) This is the method for fixing the specimen to the slide grid for an electron microscope.Without fixing the specimen by vacuum,it would slide off and we wouldn't be able to visualize it. 
D) All of the above are true.

Question 18

Which is true of simple diffusion of water?

Accepted Answer

A) Water usually enters a cell and produces a tremendous osmotic pressure. 
B) Water usually leaves the cell and produces negative osmotic pressure. 
C) Water tends to enter and leave the cell equally,resulting in no pressure in the cell. 
D) The diffusion ultimately relies on the selectively permeable nature of the cell membrane. 
E) Water usually enters a cell and produces a tremendous osmotic pressure AND the diffusion ultimately relies on the selectively permeable nature of the cell membrane. 
A) Water usually enters a cell and produces a tremendous osmotic pressure. 
B) Water usually leaves the cell and produces negative osmotic pressure. 
C) Water tends to enter and leave the cell equally,resulting in no pressure in the cell. 
D) The diffusion ultimately relies on the selectively permeable nature of the cell membrane. 
E) Water usually enters a cell and produces a tremendous osmotic pressure AND the diffusion ultimately relies on the selectively permeable nature of the cell membrane.

Question 19

You want to examine the structure of the protein coat of a virus by microscopy.Which microscope is your best choice,and why?

Accepted Answer

A) The scanning electron microscope-it has excellent resolution and magnification,much higher than a light microscope,and can clearly visualize viruses. 
B) An atomic force microscope-this has the highest resolution and magnification of the microscopes we discussed.Here,we want to visualize a subcomponent of the virus particles,so we need the best value for resolution and magnification we can possibly achieve. 
C) A fluorescent microscope-this will let us tag the protein coat with colored dyes in order to visualize it using this light microscope at 1000x. 
D) A bright-field light microscope-of course,we'll need to stain the viruses before we can visualize them against the bright white background at 1000x total magnification. 
A) The scanning electron microscope-it has excellent resolution and magnification,much higher than a light microscope,and can clearly visualize viruses. 
B) An atomic force microscope-this has the highest resolution and magnification of the microscopes we discussed.Here,we want to visualize a subcomponent of the virus particles,so we need the best value for resolution and magnification we can possibly achieve. 
C) A fluorescent microscope-this will let us tag the protein coat with colored dyes in order to visualize it using this light microscope at 1000x. 
D) A bright-field light microscope-of course,we'll need to stain the viruses before we can visualize them against the bright white background at 1000x total magnification.

Question 20

The cytoskeleton

Accepted Answer

A) is a dynamic structure composed of microtubules,microfilaments,and intermediate filaments. 
B) is a static structure that gives a rigid shape to the cell. 
C) consists of flagella and cilia that are internalized. 
D) is not necessary for movement or reproduction. 
E) is a static structure that gives a rigid shape to the cell,consists of flagella and cilia that are internalized,AND is not necessary for movement or reproduction. 
A) is a dynamic structure composed of microtubules,microfilaments,and intermediate filaments. 
B) is a static structure that gives a rigid shape to the cell. 
C) consists of flagella and cilia that are internalized. 
D) is not necessary for movement or reproduction. 
E) is a static structure that gives a rigid shape to the cell,consists of flagella and cilia that are internalized,AND is not necessary for movement or reproduction.

Exam 3: Microscopy and Cell Structure

Which microscope would be the BEST selection for examination of a virus?

The structures used for motility in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes are

Extrachromasomal DNA is found in ____________________________.

The macromolecule found in the cell walls of all bacteria is

The cytoplasmic membrane of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes functions to

Penicillin would be most effective against

Your instructor wants you to bring in an example of a biofilm to your lab.Which choice is the best selection for bringing in an intact biofilm for further study?

Which of the following microscope types would be least useful in viewing unstained living cells?

The microscope that allows the specimen to appear three-dimensional is the

Immunofluorescence

Most solutes pass through the cytoplasmic membrane via

The membranes of eukaryotes and mycoplasma

Basic dyes

Prokaryotes may ingest particles via phagocytosis.

Endospores are

Facilitated diffusion and active transport

An electron microscope must use electromagnet "lenses" shaped like donuts to direct the electrons onto the specimen.Why?

Which is true of simple diffusion of water?

You want to examine the structure of the protein coat of a virus by microscopy.Which microscope is your best choice,and why?

The cytoskeleton

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Dynamics of Prokaryotic Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, From DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA

Identification and Classification of Prokaryotic Organisms

The Diversity of Prokaryotic Organisms

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunologic Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

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