Chat with AIExam 14: Biotechnology and Society
The first commercial product made with recombinant DNA techniques was ____________________.
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Do you think the widespread availability of human gene products,such as recombinant growth hormone,will lead to abuse in athletics? Why or why not?
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Background:
Unfortunately,the technology and its applications are developing much faster than public policy,legislation,and social norms.The fact that we can do some things does not mean we should do them without a consensus from society.For example,should very short children receive recombinant DNA-produced growth hormone to make them average in height? The U.S.Food and Drug Administration (FDA)approved the use of growth hormone for this purpose in 2003.If we accept that we can treat short children with growth hormone to increase their adult height,is it ethical to treat children of normal or above-average height to enhance their chances of becoming professional basketball or volleyball players?
If the only solid evidence against a capital murder suspect in a trial were DNA profiles from hair taken from the crime scene and the suspect's DNA,what chance of an "accidental match" would be small enough for you to feel that the suspect is guilty "beyond reasonable doubt?" Explain your reasoning.
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Background:
Based on population frequencies of the CSF1PO and TPOX STR CODIS markers,the probability of someone carrying the same alleles for both markers is 1 in 2,500 (1/25 x 1/100),meaning that this combination of alleles is found in 1 in every 2,500 individuals (see Table 14.5).
When the population frequencies of the alleles for CSF1PO,TPOX,vWA,and D5S818 STR CODIS markers are combined,the frequency of this combination is 1 in about 60 million.This means that the probability that someone has this combination of alleles is 1 person in 60 million (about 4 or 5 individuals in the United States).If an analysis includes all 13 CODIS STR markers,the chance that anyone has a particular combination is about 1 in 100 trillion-more than enough to identify someone in Earth's population of 6 billion.In all cases,the DNA evidence must be considered in the context of all the other available evidence in determining guilt or innocence.
Rape (the plant from which canola oil is produced),sunflowers,and soybeans have been genetically modified to enhance production of ____________________ fatty acids.
(23) The first organisms used in recombinant DNA technology were ____________________.
(43) Opponents of the use of recombinant DNA technology in agriculture argue that the FDA should require the _____ of food containing transgenic ingredients.
(34) Do you agree with the practice of engineering transgenic animals to be models of human disease? Why or why not?
(38) A(n)____________________ organism is one that carries a gene that has been transferred to it from another species.
(33) Embryonic stem cells are harvested from the inner cell mass of an early stage embryo called a(n)____________________.
(32) To create a DNA profile from scarce quantities of DNA,such as a fossil or a single hair,the ____________________ technique is necessary to obtain enough DNA for analysis.
(34) The use of ____________________ or ____________________ for stem cell therapies offers alternatives to the destruction of human embryos that occurs when embryonic stem cells are harvested.
(36) The USDA requires that food products from genetically modified organisms be clearly labeled as such.
(38) Transgenic crops are planted in _____ countries,with the amount of land dedicated to such crops _____ every year.
(41) Embryonic stem cells derived from blastocysts are pluripotent,and therefore useful in stem cell research because they ________.
(39) Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells)are produced by _____.
(24) Animal genes transferred into plant cells cannot be transcribed and translated into proteins.
(38) A bone marrow transplant is an example of a stem cell therapy using adult stem cells.
(43) In the attempt to identify the remains thought to be that of Czar Nicholas Romanov II and his family,_____ was used to determine that the skeletons were not only related members of a family,but were also related to living Romanov relatives.
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