Chat with AIExam 17: The Mere Presence of Others
The increased number of office buildings with large open spaces rather than private offices is an example of how social facilitation research has
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Explain the role of evaluation apprehension in social facilitation.
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Answered by Examlex AI CopilotEvaluation apprehension refers to the fear of being judged or evaluated by others in a social situation. In the context of social facilitation, evaluation apprehension can play a significant role in influencing an individual's performance.
When individuals are aware that they are being observed or evaluated by others, they may experience heightened anxiety or pressure to perform well. This can lead to an increase in arousal and self-consciousness, which in turn can impact their behavior and performance.
In the presence of evaluation apprehension, individuals may be more likely to engage in behaviors that are perceived as socially desirable or acceptable, in order to avoid negative judgment or criticism from others. This can lead to an enhancement of their performance on simple or well-rehearsed tasks, known as the "audience effect" in social facilitation.
On the other hand, for more complex or unfamiliar tasks, the presence of evaluation apprehension can lead to performance decrements, as the individual's heightened arousal and self-consciousness may interfere with their ability to focus and perform effectively.
Overall, evaluation apprehension can have a significant impact on social facilitation, influencing individuals' performance in the presence of others. It is important for researchers and practitioners to consider the role of evaluation apprehension when studying or applying social facilitation principles in various social and performance contexts.
How does crowding impact social facilitation?
(38) Answered by Examlex AI CopilotCrowding can have a significant impact on social facilitation, which is the phenomenon where an individual's performance is influenced by the presence of others. Social facilitation can lead to either improved or diminished performance, depending on the type of task and the individual's familiarity with it.
Here's how crowding can affect social facilitation:
1. **Enhanced Performance on Simple or Well-Learned Tasks**: When individuals are performing simple or well-practiced tasks, the presence of a crowd can create a sense of arousal and increase motivation. This heightened state can lead to better performance, as the individual may work harder to impress or gain approval from the observers. This is consistent with the drive theory of social facilitation, which suggests that the presence of others increases physiological arousal, which in turn enhances the performance of dominant (well-learned or easy) responses.
2. **Impaired Performance on Complex or New Tasks**: Conversely, if the task is complex or unfamiliar, crowding can lead to performance anxiety and distraction. The pressure of being watched by many people can cause stress and self-consciousness, which may interfere with concentration and working memory. This can lead to poorer performance, as the individual may make more mistakes or take longer to complete the task.
3. **Evaluation Apprehension**: Crowding can increase the fear of being judged or evaluated by others. This evaluation apprehension can either motivate individuals to perform better to receive positive evaluations or cause anxiety that hinders performance if they fear negative judgment.
4. **Distraction-Conflict Theory**: According to this theory, the presence of others can be distracting, which creates a conflict between attending to the task at hand and attending to the audience. In crowded situations, this distraction can be more pronounced, potentially leading to reduced performance due to divided attention.
5. **Social Comparison**: Crowding can facilitate social comparison, where individuals compare their performance to that of others. This can lead to increased competitive drive and improved performance if the individual is motivated to outperform others. However, it can also lead to decreased performance if the individual perceives their skills to be inferior and becomes discouraged.
6. **Conformity and Group Norms**: In crowded settings, individuals may conform to the perceived norms or behaviors of the group. If the crowd is perceived to be supportive and encouraging, this can enhance performance. If the crowd is perceived as hostile or distracting, it can have the opposite effect.
In summary, crowding can amplify the effects of social facilitation by increasing arousal, motivation, and the potential for evaluation apprehension. However, it can also lead to increased stress, distraction, and social comparison, which can negatively impact performance, especially on complex or unfamiliar tasks. The overall impact of crowding on social facilitation will depend on the individual's personality, the nature of the task, and the characteristics of the crowd.
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(36) found that when good pool players were observed,they did _______ than when they did not know they were being observed.
(25) _______ refers to the strengthening of dominant responses in the presence of others.
(39) According to the social facilitation effect,social psychologists can accurately predict that athletes will perform _______ with a large audience.
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(26) explained social facilitation by noting that a conflict occurs between paying attention to others and paying attention to the task at hand.They named this explanation
(34) Triplett conducted one of social psychology's first laboratory experiments by asking children to wind string on a fishing reel.The results of the study indicated that there was a positive relationship between the speed at which the children wound the reel and the presence of other children.Later studies found the same pattern and dubbed it
(31) You have noticed that when you are at the gym,your exercise routine is not affected by how may other people are there.However,it is affected when other people are watching you exercise.This pattern in your behavior is what social psychologists call
(32) Because of the relationship between crowding and arousal,you are likely to _______ on a difficult exam in a densely packed classroom.
(45) The tendency for people to perform simple or well-learned tasks better when others are present is the original meaning of
(36) The larger the crowd,the _______ a person tends to be _______.
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