Question 1

The hopelessness and resignation learned when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated negative events is called

Accepted Answer

A)  depression. 
B)  low self-esteem. 
C)  learned hopelessness. 
D)  learned helplessness. 
A)  depression. 
B)  low self-esteem. 
C)  learned hopelessness. 
D)  learned helplessness. D

Question 2

After much contemplation,you decide to decline an invitation to a really great party,as you need to study for an exam.Doing well on this exam will help you meet your long-term goal of graduating with a strong grade point average,which will help you obtain a desirable job.You likely have a(n)_______ locus of control.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal 
B)  external 
C)  high 
D)  low 
A)  internal 
B)  external 
C)  high 
D)  low A

Question 3

Compare and contrast the concepts of self-efficacy and self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy and self-esteem are both important concepts in psychology, but they refer to different aspects of an individual's self-perception.

Self-efficacy refers to a person's belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a particular task. It is related to confidence and competence in one's own abilities. Self-efficacy is often situation-specific, meaning that a person may feel confident in their ability to perform well in one area of their life, such as academics or sports, but not in another area, such as social interactions or public speaking. Self-efficacy is also influenced by past experiences, feedback from others, and the level of challenge presented by a task.

On the other hand, self-esteem refers to a person's overall sense of self-worth and value. It is a more general and enduring belief about oneself, encompassing feelings of self-respect, self-acceptance, and self-love. Self-esteem is not necessarily tied to specific achievements or abilities, but rather to a person's overall sense of identity and worthiness. It can be influenced by factors such as social comparison, cultural norms, and early childhood experiences.

In summary, while self-efficacy and self-esteem both relate to an individual's self-perception, self-efficacy is more focused on beliefs about one's abilities in specific situations, while self-esteem is more about overall feelings of self-worth and value. Both concepts play important roles in shaping an individual's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, and can have significant impacts on mental health and well-being.

Question 4

,individualistic modern cultures have "an excess of freedom",which is positively correlated with

Accepted Answer

A)  life satisfaction. 
B)  clinical depression. 
C)  self-efficacy. 
D)  an external locus of control. 
A)  life satisfaction. 
B)  clinical depression. 
C)  self-efficacy. 
D)  an external locus of control.

Question 5

Researchers reported a _______ correlation between persistence and self-efficacy.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive 
B)  negative 
C)  moderate 
D)  zero 
A)  positive 
B)  negative 
C)  moderate 
D)  zero

Question 6

Self-efficacy is similar to self-esteem in that both _______ our accomplishments.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase with 
B)  decrease with 
C)  are independent of 
D)  contribute to 
A)  increase with 
B)  decrease with 
C)  are independent of 
D)  contribute to

Question 7

According to the research reviewed in the text,college students who experience more stress,anger,relationship problems,drug and alcohol use,and eating disorders than others are more likely to have a self-worth contingent upon

Accepted Answer

A)  internal sources. 
B)  external sources. 
C)  their hoped-for possible selves. 
D)  their feared possible selves. 
A)  internal sources. 
B)  external sources. 
C)  their hoped-for possible selves. 
D)  their feared possible selves.

Question 8

The extent to which we perceive outcomes as a result of our own efforts or as a result of chance refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  self-esteem. 
B)  self-efficacy. 
C)  locus of control. 
D)  social comparison. 
A)  self-esteem. 
B)  self-efficacy. 
C)  locus of control. 
D)  social comparison.

Question 9

,teen gang leaders,extreme ethnocentrists and terrorists have

Accepted Answer

A)  high self-esteem. 
B)  low self-esteem. 
C)  high self-efficacy. 
D)  low self-efficacy. 
A)  high self-esteem. 
B)  low self-esteem. 
C)  high self-efficacy. 
D)  low self-efficacy.

Question 10

reported that people who tend to be obnoxious,interrupt others and talk at people rather than with them,tend to possess

Accepted Answer

A)  high self-esteem. 
B)  low self-esteem. 
C)  high self-efficacy. 
D)  low self-efficacy. 
A)  high self-esteem. 
B)  low self-esteem. 
C)  high self-efficacy. 
D)  low self-efficacy.

Question 11

Compare and contrast the concepts of self-efficacy and locus of control.

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy and locus of control are b

Question 12

Your best friend earned a grade of "F" on her latest physics exam,and believes it was because the professor wrote a very difficult exam.She therefore has a(n)_______ locus of control.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal 
B)  external 
C)  high 
D)  low 
A)  internal 
B)  external 
C)  high 
D)  low

Question 13

You are more likely to be satisfied with your selection of soda,purchased from the vending machine,if you are presented with _______ options rather than if you are presented with _______ options.

Accepted Answer

A)  a few; many 
B)  many; a few 
C)  some; no 
D)  no; some 
A)  a few; many 
B)  many; a few 
C)  some; no 
D)  no; some

Question 14

found that nursing home residents who were choice and personal responsibility ______ relative to those who were given sympathetic care.

Accepted Answer

A)  declined in health 
B)  improved in health 
C)  remained consistent in their physical and psychological state 
D)  showed more variation in their health 
A)  declined in health 
B)  improved in health 
C)  remained consistent in their physical and psychological state 
D)  showed more variation in their health

Question 15

You have tried to study for an exam with flashcards,with a friend,and with your notes - all to no avail.You begin to feel that you should give up,as whatever you do does not seem to help your exam scores.According to Myers,you may have symptoms of

Accepted Answer

A)  low self-esteem. 
B)  low self-control. 
C)  learned helplessness. 
D)  the looking-glass self. 
A)  low self-esteem. 
B)  low self-control. 
C)  learned helplessness. 
D)  the looking-glass self.

Question 16

A sense that one is competent and effective refers to one's

Accepted Answer

A)  self-esteem. 
B)  self-aggrandizement. 
C)  self-worth. 
D)  self-efficacy. 
A)  self-esteem. 
B)  self-aggrandizement. 
C)  self-worth. 
D)  self-efficacy.

Question 17

Discuss the differences between internal and an external locus of control.

Accepted Answer

Internal locus of control refers to the

Question 18

You attend a self-help discussion group,where the leader is encouraging people to think of themselves as the writers,directors,and actors of their own lives.The group leader is hoping people will adopt a(n)_______ locus of control.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal 
B)  external 
C)  high 
D)  low 
A)  internal 
B)  external 
C)  high 
D)  low

Question 19

Review the evidence that supports the "dark side of high self-esteem."

Accepted Answer

The "dark side of high self-esteem" refe

Question 20

Research has found that when prisoners are given some control over their environments,such as being able to move chairs and operate the lights,they tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  attempt to control other aspects of their lives, such as how often they go outside. 
B)  experience more stress. 
C)  exhibit more health problems. 
D)  commit less vandalism. 
A)  attempt to control other aspects of their lives, such as how often they go outside. 
B)  experience more stress. 
C)  exhibit more health problems. 
D)  commit less vandalism.

Exam 5: The Power of Positive Thinking

The hopelessness and resignation learned when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated negative events is called

Compare and contrast the concepts of self-efficacy and self-esteem.

,individualistic modern cultures have "an excess of freedom",which is positively correlated with

Researchers reported a _______ correlation between persistence and self-efficacy.

Self-efficacy is similar to self-esteem in that both _______ our accomplishments.

According to the research reviewed in the text,college students who experience more stress,anger,relationship problems,drug and alcohol use,and eating disorders than others are more likely to have a self-worth contingent upon

The extent to which we perceive outcomes as a result of our own efforts or as a result of chance refers to

,teen gang leaders,extreme ethnocentrists and terrorists have

reported that people who tend to be obnoxious,interrupt others and talk at people rather than with them,tend to possess

Compare and contrast the concepts of self-efficacy and locus of control.

Your best friend earned a grade of "F" on her latest physics exam,and believes it was because the professor wrote a very difficult exam.She therefore has a(n)_______ locus of control.

You are more likely to be satisfied with your selection of soda,purchased from the vending machine,if you are presented with _______ options rather than if you are presented with _______ options.

found that nursing home residents who were choice and personal responsibility ______ relative to those who were given sympathetic care.

You have tried to study for an exam with flashcards,with a friend,and with your notes - all to no avail.You begin to feel that you should give up,as whatever you do does not seem to help your exam scores.According to Myers,you may have symptoms of

A sense that one is competent and effective refers to one's

Discuss the differences between internal and an external locus of control.

You attend a self-help discussion group,where the leader is encouraging people to think of themselves as the writers,directors,and actors of their own lives.The group leader is hoping people will adopt a(n)_______ locus of control.

Review the evidence that supports the "dark side of high self-esteem."

Research has found that when prisoners are given some control over their environments,such as being able to move chairs and operate the lights,they tend to

Doing Social Psychology

Did You Know It All Along

Self-Concept: Who Am I

Self-Serving Bias

The Fundamental Attribution Error

The Powers and Perils of Intuition

Reasons for Unreason

Behavior and Belief

Clinical Intuition

Clinical Therapy: The Powers of Social Cognition

Human Nature and Cultural Diversity

Gender, Genes, and Culture

How Nice People Get Corrupted

Two Routes to Persuasion

Indoctrination and Inoculation

The Mere Presence of Others

Many Hands Make Diminished Responsibility

Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone

How Do Groups Intensify Decisions

Power to the Person

The Reach of Prejudice

The Roots of Prejudice

The Nature and Nurture of Aggression

Do the Media Influence Social Behavior

Who Likes Whom

The Ups and Downs of Love

Causes of Conflict

Blessed Are the Peacemakers

When Do People Help

Social Psychology and the Sustainable Future

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You are more likely to be satisfied with your selection of soda,purchased from the vending machine,if you are presented with _ options rather than if you are presented with _ options.