Question 1

State Charles's law.

Accepted Answer

The volume of a given amount of gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature when the pressure is kept constant.

Question 2

What is the average kinetic energy of a nitrogen molecule in the air in a room in which the air temperature is 17°C?

Accepted Answer

A)  6.01 × 10-21 J 
B)  4.00 × 10-21 J 
C)  5.00 × 10-21 J 
D)  7.00 × 10-21 J 
E)  9.00 × 10-21 J 
A)  6.01 × 10-21 J 
B)  4.00 × 10-21 J 
C)  5.00 × 10-21 J 
D)  7.00 × 10-21 J 
E)  9.00 × 10-21 J A

Question 3

When a vapor condenses

Accepted Answer

A)  the temperature of the substance increases. 
B)  the temperature of the substance decreases. 
C)  heat energy leaves the substance. 
D)  heat energy enters the substance. 
A)  the temperature of the substance increases. 
B)  the temperature of the substance decreases. 
C)  heat energy leaves the substance. 
D)  heat energy enters the substance. C

Question 4

A 20.0-L pressure vessel holds 2.00 moles of oxygen at 30°C. What is the pressure inside the vessel?

Accepted Answer

A)  101 Pa 
B)  101 kPa 
C)  1.01 × 106 Pa 
D)  2.52 × 106 Pa 
E)  252 kPa 
A)  101 Pa 
B)  101 kPa 
C)  1.01 × 106 Pa 
D)  2.52 × 106 Pa 
E)  252 kPa

Question 5

What is the Maxwell distribution?

Accepted Answer

The Maxwell distribu

Question 6

A 1200-kg car is being raised with a constant acceleration of 2.53 m/s2 by a crane, using a 20-m long steel cable, 1.5 cm in diameter. Young's modulus for steel is 20 × 1010 N/m2. What is the change in length of the cable?

Accepted Answer

A)  8.4 mm 
B)  8.4 cm 
C)  4.9 mm 
D)  4.9 cm 
E)  4.9 m 
A)  8.4 mm 
B)  8.4 cm 
C)  4.9 mm 
D)  4.9 cm 
E)  4.9 m

Question 7

The pressure in a gas is the result of the momentum transfer that occurs when the molecules bounce from the walls of the container.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Consider a cylinder of gas that is kept at constant temperature and whose volume can be changed by moving a piston. Suppose that, initially, the container holds 2 moles of gas at a pressure of 100 kPa and a temperature of 300 K. With the temperature held constant, the pressure is raised to 101 kPa, producing a change in volume. By calculating the change in volume, determine the bulk modulus for this gas, under these conditions.

Accepted Answer

A)  1.01 × 105 N/m2 
B)  2.02 × 105 N/m2 
C)  1.01 × 104 N/m2 
D)  2.02 × 104 N/m2 
E)  2.02 × 106 N/m2 
A)  1.01 × 105 N/m2 
B)  2.02 × 105 N/m2 
C)  1.01 × 104 N/m2 
D)  2.02 × 104 N/m2 
E)  2.02 × 106 N/m2

Question 9

Solar houses use a variety of energy storage devices to retain the heat absorbed during the day so that it can be released during the night. Suppose that you were to use a device of this kind to produce steam at 100°C during the day, and then allow the steam to cool to 0°C and freeze during the night. How many kilograms of water would be needed to store 20.0 kW-hours of energy in this way? The latent heat of vaporization of water is 22.6 × 105 J/kg and the latent heat of fusion of water is 33.5 × 104 J/kg.

Accepted Answer

A)  12.4 kg 
B)  23.9 kg 
C)  35.7 kg 
D)  42.6 kg 
E)  54.2 kg 
A)  12.4 kg 
B)  23.9 kg 
C)  35.7 kg 
D)  42.6 kg 
E)  54.2 kg

Question 10

A liquid boils when its vapor pressure

Accepted Answer

A)  equals the equilibrium vapor pressure. 
B)  equals the external pressure. 
C)  exceeds the external pressure. 
D)  is between the equilibrium vapor pressure and the external pressure. 
E)  None of the other choices is correct. 
A)  equals the equilibrium vapor pressure. 
B)  equals the external pressure. 
C)  exceeds the external pressure. 
D)  is between the equilibrium vapor pressure and the external pressure. 
E)  None of the other choices is correct.

Question 11

If you add 700 kJ of heat to 700 g of water at 70.0°C, how much water is left in the container? The latent heat of vaporization of water is 22.6 × 105 J/kg.

Accepted Answer

A)  429 g 
B)  258 g 
C)  340 g 
D)  600 g 
E)  none 
A)  429 g 
B)  258 g 
C)  340 g 
D)  600 g 
E)  none

Question 12

Your lungs hold 4.2 L of air at a pressure of 101.3 kPa. If you are holding your breath and dive into a pool to a depth of 5.0 m below the surface of the water, what is the volume of the air in your lungs assuming that the temperature remains the same?

Accepted Answer

A)  2.8 L 
B)  2.9 L 
C)  3.2 L 
D)  3.3 L 
E)  3.5 L 
A)  2.8 L 
B)  2.9 L 
C)  3.2 L 
D)  3.3 L 
E)  3.5 L

Question 13

The internal energy of an ideal gas does not depend on the volume.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

When you are standing by an air conditioning vent in an indoor swimming pool area, you feel a lot cooler if you are wet than if you are dry. Why?

Accepted Answer

The evaporation of t

Question 15

A 400-g block of iron at 400°C is dropped into a calorimeter containing 60 g of water at 30°C. How much steam is produced? The latent heat of vaporization of water is 22.6 × 105 J/kg. The average specific heat of iron over this temperature range is 560 J/(kg K).

Accepted Answer

A)  22 g 
B)  33 g 
C)  42 g 
D)  54 g 
E)  59 g 
A)  22 g 
B)  33 g 
C)  42 g 
D)  54 g 
E)  59 g

Question 16

A refrigerator has an interior volume of 0.500 m3. The temperature inside the refrigerator in 282 K, and the pressure is 101 kPa. If the molecular weight of air is 29 g/mol, what is the mass of air inside the refrigerator?

Accepted Answer

A)  625 g 
B)  513 g 
C)  447 g 
D)  329 g 
E)  243 g 
A)  625 g 
B)  513 g 
C)  447 g 
D)  329 g 
E)  243 g

Question 17

A car starts out when the air temperature is 288 K. The air pressure in the tires is 500 kPa. After driving a while, the temperature of the air in the tires increases to 298 K. What is the pressure in the tires at that point, assuming the volume remains constant?

Accepted Answer

A)  129 kPa 
B)  483 kPa 
C)  507 kPa 
D)  517 kPa 
E)  532 kPa 
A)  129 kPa 
B)  483 kPa 
C)  507 kPa 
D)  517 kPa 
E)  532 kPa

Question 18

Phase changes occur

Accepted Answer

A)  as the temperature decreases. 
B)  as the temperature increases. 
C)  as the temperature remains the same. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  as the temperature decreases. 
B)  as the temperature increases. 
C)  as the temperature remains the same. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 19

A piano wire has a radius of 0.500 mm. One end is fixed and the other is wrapped around a tuning peg that has a diameter of 3.00 mm and is 70.0 cm away. After the wire just becomes taut, the peg is given one and a half turns. What is the fundamental frequency of oscillation of the wire? The density of steel is 7860 kg/m3 and Young's modulus for steel is 20 × 1010 N/m2.

Accepted Answer

A)  1020 Hz 
B)  512 Hz 
C)  2050 Hz 
D)  342 Hz 
E)  256 Hz 
A)  1020 Hz 
B)  512 Hz 
C)  2050 Hz 
D)  342 Hz 
E)  256 Hz

Question 20

A quantity of an ideal gas is kept in a rigid container of constant volume. If the gas is originally at a temperature of 19°C, at what temperature will the pressure of the gas double from its base value?

Accepted Answer

A)  91°C 
B)  38°C 
C)  311°C 
D)  273°C 
E)  122°C 
A)  91°C 
B)  38°C 
C)  311°C 
D)  273°C 
E)  122°C

Exam 17: Phases and Phase Changes

State Charles's law.

What is the average kinetic energy of a nitrogen molecule in the air in a room in which the air temperature is 17°C?

When a vapor condenses

A 20.0-L pressure vessel holds 2.00 moles of oxygen at 30°C. What is the pressure inside the vessel?

What is the Maxwell distribution?

A 1200-kg car is being raised with a constant acceleration of 2.53 m/s2 by a crane, using a 20-m long steel cable, 1.5 cm in diameter. Young's modulus for steel is 20 × 1010 N/m2. What is the change in length of the cable?

The pressure in a gas is the result of the momentum transfer that occurs when the molecules bounce from the walls of the container.

A liquid boils when its vapor pressure

If you add 700 kJ of heat to 700 g of water at 70.0°C, how much water is left in the container? The latent heat of vaporization of water is 22.6 × 105 J/kg.

Your lungs hold 4.2 L of air at a pressure of 101.3 kPa. If you are holding your breath and dive into a pool to a depth of 5.0 m below the surface of the water, what is the volume of the air in your lungs assuming that the temperature remains the same?

The internal energy of an ideal gas does not depend on the volume.

When you are standing by an air conditioning vent in an indoor swimming pool area, you feel a lot cooler if you are wet than if you are dry. Why?

A 400-g block of iron at 400°C is dropped into a calorimeter containing 60 g of water at 30°C. How much steam is produced? The latent heat of vaporization of water is 22.6 × 105 J/kg. The average specific heat of iron over this temperature range is 560 J/(kg K).

A refrigerator has an interior volume of 0.500 m3. The temperature inside the refrigerator in 282 K, and the pressure is 101 kPa. If the molecular weight of air is 29 g/mol, what is the mass of air inside the refrigerator?

A car starts out when the air temperature is 288 K. The air pressure in the tires is 500 kPa. After driving a while, the temperature of the air in the tires increases to 298 K. What is the pressure in the tires at that point, assuming the volume remains constant?

Phase changes occur

A quantity of an ideal gas is kept in a rigid container of constant volume. If the gas is originally at a temperature of 19°C, at what temperature will the pressure of the gas double from its base value?

Introduction to Physics

One-Dimensional Kinematics

Vectors in Physics

Two-Dimensional Kinematics

Newtons Laws of Motion

Applications of Newtons Laws

Work and Kinetic Energy

Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy

Linear Momentum and Collisions

Rotational Kinematics and Energy

Rotational Dynamics and Static Equilibrium

Gravity

Oscillations About Equilibrium

Waves and Sound

Fluids

Temperature and Heat

The Laws of Thermodynamics

Electric Charges, Forces, and Fields

Electric Potential and Electric Potential Energy

Electric Current and Direct-Current Circuits

Magnetism

Magnetic Flux and Faradays Law of Induction

Alternating-Current Circuits

Electromagnetic Waves

Geometrical Optics

Optical Instruments

Physical Optics: Interference and Diffraction

Relativity

Quantum Physics

Atomic Physics

Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Radiation

Filters

A 1200-kg car is being raised with a constant acceleration of 2.53 m/s² by a crane, using a 20-m long steel cable, 1.5 cm in diameter. Young's modulus for steel is 20 × 10¹⁰ N/m². What is the change in length of the cable?

If you add 700 kJ of heat to 700 g of water at 70.0°C, how much water is left in the container? The latent heat of vaporization of water is 22.6 × 10⁵ J/kg.

A 400-g block of iron at 400°C is dropped into a calorimeter containing 60 g of water at 30°C. How much steam is produced? The latent heat of vaporization of water is 22.6 × 10⁵ J/kg. The average specific heat of iron over this temperature range is 560 J/(kg K).

A refrigerator has an interior volume of 0.500 m³. The temperature inside the refrigerator in 282 K, and the pressure is 101 kPa. If the molecular weight of air is 29 g/mol, what is the mass of air inside the refrigerator?