Exam 6: Learning

_____ refers to a decrease in the response to a stimulus when it is presented repeatedly,whereas _____ refers to the eventual disappearance of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented.

_____ is a formalized technique for promoting the frequency of desirable conducts and decreasing the incidence of unwanted ones.

Imagine that you graphed the cumulative number of bar-press responses over time of four rats,each reinforced on a different one of the four schedules of intermittent reinforcement.Each rat's behavior is graphed on a separate line.The line with the greatest slope should be that displaying the behavior of the rat reinforced on the _____ schedule.

The _____ is an approach to the study of learning that focuses on the thought processes that underlie learning.

Ewan is convinced that a woman across the bar is "sending signals." A learning theorist would term such signals:

In Pavlov's study,the bell is both a(n)_____stimulus and a conditioned stimulus.

Which of the following is TRUE of classical conditioning?

Alexis uses cocaine,which activates her sympathetic nervous system.Expecting her dealer,her hands shake and her heart pounds when she hears a knock on the door.Which alternative below correctly identifies the neutral stimulus,the CS,and the UCS?

Although a "phonics" approach to reading instruction might capitalize on an analytic learning style,the "whole-word" approach may be better suited to a(n)_____learning style.

You toss a newly purchased felt mouse across the floor; your cat chases it excitedly,clutches it in her paws,and rolls around with it.Several tosses later,your cat yawns pointedly and settles herself for a nap.The change in your cat's behavior illustrates:

When your partner says "I'm going up to bed early," you follow expectantly.When he or she says,"I'm tired," you stay behind and say you'll read in the living room for a while.This is an example of a _____stimulus.

Olympia consumed some poorly stored sushi on a hot day; she became violently ill.Now Olympia can't stand the sight of sushi.She has developed a(n)_____.

In what way does learned taste aversion seem to contradict the basic principles of classical conditioning?

Making reference to neutral,unconditioned,conditioned stimuli,unconditioned,and conditioned responses,distinguish between (a)extinction and spontaneous recovery and (b)stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination.Give an original example of either extinction or spontaneous recovery,and of either stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination.

_____ stimulus is a stimulus that does not naturally bring about the response of interest.

A(n)_____ reinforcer is a stimulus added to the environment,like getting paid to work,that specifically brings about an increase in a preceding response.

The term reward is synonymous with:

Dr.DiFonzo notices several students nodding in agreement as he lectures.Subsequently,his rhetoric becomes more confident and more passionate.The students have provided _____ reinforcement.

Draw on your knowledge of positive and negative reinforcement,punishment,schedules of reinforcement,stimulus control training,discriminative stimuli,shaping,and biological constraints on learning to describe how you might use operant conditioning to train domestic animals (e.g. ,dogs,cats,horses,etc. )to perform desired behaviors.

A variable-interval schedule is a schedule: