Exam 6: Learning

Which of the following promotions exemplifies the use of a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement?

Neal,an Asian-American student,would most likely:

You have a kind of picture in your head of your hometown,a mental representation of its layout and the location of key landmarks,like rivers,buildings,freeways,and parks.This representation is called a(n):

Rosa becomes anxious when she enters the examination room at the clinic before a blood test.She also squirms when she views injections on television.This illustrates:

Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?

A(n)_____ is a mental representation of spatial locations and directions.

Imagine that you are a parent,a teacher,or a supervisor in a workplace.Give specific examples of how you might use (a)positive reinforcement,(b)negative reinforcement,(c)positive punishment,and (d)negative punishment to bring about desirable changes in the behavior of a child,student,or subordinate worker.

One reason Carlos continues to work at his job is the check he receives every two weeks.Carlos' paycheck is a _____ reinforcer.

A stimulus that increases the probability that a preceding behavior will be repeated is termed a(n)_____.

_____ is associated with the Fearless-Peer experiment.The experiment demonstrates _____.

_____ stimulus is a stimulus that naturally brings about a particular response without having been learned.

A(n)_____ reinforcer refers to the removal of an unpleasant stimulus,putting on a sweater when you're cold for example,which leads to an increase in the probability that a preceding response will be repeated in the future.

Which of the following is TRUE about stimulus control training?

Which of the following is TRUE of stimulus generalization?

Dr.Arceneaux wants his students to take advantage of online practice quizzes on his course site.Which of the following is the most effective plan to increase the number of practice quizzes completed?

Identify and define the four schedules of intermittent or partial reinforcement.Provide day-to-day examples of each of the four schedules.Identify two specific ways that college professors might use our understanding of the schedules to increase the frequency with which students study course materials.

Observational learning is based in part on the activity of _____ neurons in the brain.

Jonas is a veteran of the war in Iraq.He suffers from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Now,back home in a quiet California neighborhood,he jumps when he hears a firecracker or a car backfire.In the terminology of classical conditioning,these sounds are best thought of as _____ stimuli.

Reinforcers that satisfy a biological need are called _____ reinforcers.

Sheryl makes pleasant small talk and pays her boss a compliment before asking for a personal day,because such a strategy was successful with a few of her previous bosses.This example most clearly illustrates: