Question 1

Which of the following approaches to treating a phobia is/are correctly matched with the type of learning it reflects?

Accepted Answer

A) Conditioning client to associate a response of relaxation rather than anxiety to the feared object-observational learning 
B) Reinforcing client directly by interacting with the feared object-operant conditioning 
C) Exposing client to a model interacting successfully with the feared object-classical conditioning 
D) A new behavior is learned but not demonstrated until some incentive is provided for displaying it-perceptual learning 
A) Conditioning client to associate a response of relaxation rather than anxiety to the feared object-observational learning 
B) Reinforcing client directly by interacting with the feared object-operant conditioning 
C) Exposing client to a model interacting successfully with the feared object-classical conditioning 
D) A new behavior is learned but not demonstrated until some incentive is provided for displaying it-perceptual learning

Question 2

Learning in which a new behavior is acquired but is not demonstrated until some incentive is provided for displaying it is known as _____ learning.

Accepted Answer

A) tangential 
B) latent 
C) perceptual 
D) spatial 
A) tangential 
B) latent 
C) perceptual 
D) spatial

Question 3

Travis is an intuitive thinker with a highly developed ability to remember verbal material,especially if it is highly relevant.Janet is detail-oriented,with an excellent memory for abstract material.She is not easily dissuaded by dull tasks.Which of the following statements best identifies the learning styles of these two individuals?

Accepted Answer

A) Travis has an analytical learning style.Janet's learning style is relational. 
B) Travis has a relational learning style.Janet's learning style is analytical. 
C) Both Travis and Janet have analytical learning styles. 
D) Both Travis and Janet have relational learning styles. 
A) Travis has an analytical learning style.Janet's learning style is relational. 
B) Travis has a relational learning style.Janet's learning style is analytical. 
C) Both Travis and Janet have analytical learning styles. 
D) Both Travis and Janet have relational learning styles.

Question 4

Recall Tolman's latent learning experiments in which rats learned to run a maze.What was the critical result?

Accepted Answer

A) Rats that were never given an incentive never learned to run the maze. 
B) Rats that were never given an incentive still learned to run the maze. 
C) Rats that began to receive an incentive halfway through the experiment rapidly matched the performance of rats that had been reinforced from the beginning of the experiment. 
D) Rats that began to receive an incentive halfway through the experiment never learned to run the maze. 
A) Rats that were never given an incentive never learned to run the maze. 
B) Rats that were never given an incentive still learned to run the maze. 
C) Rats that began to receive an incentive halfway through the experiment rapidly matched the performance of rats that had been reinforced from the beginning of the experiment. 
D) Rats that began to receive an incentive halfway through the experiment never learned to run the maze.

Question 5

Janine completed several tours of duty in Afghanistan.She suffers from PTSD.Now,back home in Texas,she is frightened by firecrackers and cars backfiring.The fact that these sounds scare her reflects a process of stimulus:

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion. 
B) discrimination. 
C) generalization. 
D) control. 
A) diffusion. 
B) discrimination. 
C) generalization. 
D) control.

Question 6

Which of the following reinforcers is incorrectly categorized?

Accepted Answer

A) Food-primary reinforcer 
B) Money-primary reinforcer 
C) Praise-secondary reinforcer 
D) Relief-primary reinforcer 
A) Food-primary reinforcer 
B) Money-primary reinforcer 
C) Praise-secondary reinforcer 
D) Relief-primary reinforcer

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a secondary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A) Food 
B) Sex 
C) Money 
D) Relief 
A) Food 
B) Sex 
C) Money 
D) Relief

Question 8

A fixed-ratio schedule is a schedule:

Accepted Answer

A) by which reinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses are made. 
B) by which reinforcement occurs after a varying number of responses rather than after a fixed number. 
C) that provides reinforcement for a response only if a fixed time period has elapsed,making overall rates of response relatively low. 
D) by which the time between reinforcements varies around some average rather than being fixed. 
A) by which reinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses are made. 
B) by which reinforcement occurs after a varying number of responses rather than after a fixed number. 
C) that provides reinforcement for a response only if a fixed time period has elapsed,making overall rates of response relatively low. 
D) by which the time between reinforcements varies around some average rather than being fixed.

Question 9

Which of the following does NOT accurately reflect a distinction between classical and operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) Classical conditioning entails forming an association between stimuli; operant conditioning involves forming an association between a behavior and its consequences. 
B) Classical conditioning applies to voluntary behavior,while operant conditioning applies to involuntary behavior. 
C) In the case of classical conditioning,before conditioning,an unconditioned stimulus leads to an unconditioned response; in operant conditioning reinforcement leads to an increase in behavior. 
D) In the case of classical conditioning,after conditioning,a conditioned stimulus leads to a conditioned response; in operant conditioning punishment leads to a decrease in behavior. 
A) Classical conditioning entails forming an association between stimuli; operant conditioning involves forming an association between a behavior and its consequences. 
B) Classical conditioning applies to voluntary behavior,while operant conditioning applies to involuntary behavior. 
C) In the case of classical conditioning,before conditioning,an unconditioned stimulus leads to an unconditioned response; in operant conditioning reinforcement leads to an increase in behavior. 
D) In the case of classical conditioning,after conditioning,a conditioned stimulus leads to a conditioned response; in operant conditioning punishment leads to a decrease in behavior.

Question 10

Observational learning research suggests that seeing others reinforced for particular behaviors may encourage our own acquisition of similar behaviors.To what extent is exposure to media violence associated with the acquisition of aggressive behavior?

Accepted Answer

Different levels of media violence are a

Question 11

Which pair below correctly identifies a stimulus or response in Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert" study?

Accepted Answer

A) Unconditioned stimulus-noise 
B) Conditioned stimulus- fear 
C) Unconditioned response-rat 
D) Neutral stimulus-fear 
A) Unconditioned stimulus-noise 
B) Conditioned stimulus- fear 
C) Unconditioned response-rat 
D) Neutral stimulus-fear

Question 12

_____occurs when an extinguished conditioned response reappears after a period of rest.

Accepted Answer

Spontaneou

Question 13

_____are intense,irrational fears.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____are intense,irrational fears....

Question 14

Negative reinforcement:

Accepted Answer

A) is the same thing as punishment. 
B) increases the likelihood that preceding behaviors will be repeated. 
C) decreases the likelihood that a behavior will be performed. 
D) is a stimulus whose removal leads to a decrease in the probability that a preceding response will be repeated. 
A) is the same thing as punishment. 
B) increases the likelihood that preceding behaviors will be repeated. 
C) decreases the likelihood that a behavior will be performed. 
D) is a stimulus whose removal leads to a decrease in the probability that a preceding response will be repeated.

Question 15

Which of the following terms best expresses the relationship between stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination?

Accepted Answer

A) They are unrelated. 
B) They are opposites. 
C) They are the same thing. 
D) Stimulus discrimination is a type of stimulus generalization. 
A) They are unrelated. 
B) They are opposites. 
C) They are the same thing. 
D) Stimulus discrimination is a type of stimulus generalization.

Question 16

Sheryl's parents have told her that she is "grounded" and will not be allowed to watch any television for a week,because she is not completing her assignments on time.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) negative punishment. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) positive punishment. 
D) positive reinforcement. 
A) negative punishment. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) positive punishment. 
D) positive reinforcement.

Question 17

How have psychologists challenged Pavlov's traditional account of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Psychologists have challenged Pavlov's o

Question 18

The most influential psychologist to study operant conditioning was:

Accepted Answer

A) Freud. 
B) Watson. 
C) Pavlov. 
D) Skinner. 
A) Freud. 
B) Watson. 
C) Pavlov. 
D) Skinner.

Question 19

A privately funded program pays low-income parents $50 every two months for each child who attends school regularly during that period.This incentive illustrates a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed-interval 
B) fixed-ratio 
C) variable-interval 
D) variable-ratio 
A) fixed-interval 
B) fixed-ratio 
C) variable-interval 
D) variable-ratio

Question 20

Which of the following types of consequences is correctly matched with an example?

Accepted Answer

A) Positive reinforcement-Harvey is suspended when he vandalizes school property. 
B) Negative reinforcement-Jeff puts up his umbrella when it starts to sprinkle so he won't get wet. 
C) Positive punishment-Jacqueline's teacher puts a cute sticker on an arithmetic exercise completed without mistakes. 
D) Negative punishment-Tommy receives a written reprimand from his boss following a series of customer complaints. 
A) Positive reinforcement-Harvey is suspended when he vandalizes school property. 
B) Negative reinforcement-Jeff puts up his umbrella when it starts to sprinkle so he won't get wet. 
C) Positive punishment-Jacqueline's teacher puts a cute sticker on an arithmetic exercise completed without mistakes. 
D) Negative punishment-Tommy receives a written reprimand from his boss following a series of customer complaints.

Which of the following approaches to treating a phobia is/are correctly matched with the type of learning it reflects?

Learning in which a new behavior is acquired but is not demonstrated until some incentive is provided for displaying it is known as _____ learning.

Recall Tolman's latent learning experiments in which rats learned to run a maze.What was the critical result?

Janine completed several tours of duty in Afghanistan.She suffers from PTSD.Now,back home in Texas,she is frightened by firecrackers and cars backfiring.The fact that these sounds scare her reflects a process of stimulus:

Which of the following reinforcers is incorrectly categorized?

Which of the following is an example of a secondary reinforcer?

A fixed-ratio schedule is a schedule:

Which of the following does NOT accurately reflect a distinction between classical and operant conditioning?

Observational learning research suggests that seeing others reinforced for particular behaviors may encourage our own acquisition of similar behaviors.To what extent is exposure to media violence associated with the acquisition of aggressive behavior?

Which pair below correctly identifies a stimulus or response in Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert" study?

_____occurs when an extinguished conditioned response reappears after a period of rest.

_____are intense,irrational fears.

Negative reinforcement:

Which of the following terms best expresses the relationship between stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination?

Sheryl's parents have told her that she is "grounded" and will not be allowed to watch any television for a week,because she is not completing her assignments on time.This is an example of:

How have psychologists challenged Pavlov's traditional account of classical conditioning?

The most influential psychologist to study operant conditioning was:

A privately funded program pays low-income parents $50 every two months for each child who attends school regularly during that period.This incentive illustrates a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Which of the following types of consequences is correctly matched with an example?

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Exam 6: Learning

Which of the following approaches to treating a phobia is/are correctly matched with the type of learning it reflects?

Learning in which a new behavior is acquired but is not demonstrated until some incentive is provided for displaying it is known as _____ learning.

Recall Tolman's latent learning experiments in which rats learned to run a maze.What was the critical result?

Janine completed several tours of duty in Afghanistan.She suffers from PTSD.Now,back home in Texas,she is frightened by firecrackers and cars backfiring.The fact that these sounds scare her reflects a process of stimulus:

Which of the following reinforcers is incorrectly categorized?

Which of the following is an example of a secondary reinforcer?

A fixed-ratio schedule is a schedule:

Which of the following does NOT accurately reflect a distinction between classical and operant conditioning?

Observational learning research suggests that seeing others reinforced for particular behaviors may encourage our own acquisition of similar behaviors.To what extent is exposure to media violence associated with the acquisition of aggressive behavior?

Which pair below correctly identifies a stimulus or response in Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert" study?

_____occurs when an extinguished conditioned response reappears after a period of rest.

_____are intense,irrational fears.

Negative reinforcement:

Which of the following terms best expresses the relationship between stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination?

Sheryl's parents have told her that she is "grounded" and will not be allowed to watch any television for a week,because she is not completing her assignments on time.This is an example of:

How have psychologists challenged Pavlov's traditional account of classical conditioning?

The most influential psychologist to study operant conditioning was:

A privately funded program pays low-income parents $50 every two months for each child who attends school regularly during that period.This incentive illustrates a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Which of the following types of consequences is correctly matched with an example?

Introduction to Psychology

Psychology Research

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Cognition and Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Sexuality and Gender

Development

Personality

Health Psychology: Stress, Coping, and Well-Being

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Social Psychology

Filters