Question 1

_____ weakens a response through the application of an unpleasant stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) Negative reinforcement 
B) Negative punishment 
C) Positive punishment 
D) Normative reinforcement 
A) Negative reinforcement 
B) Negative punishment 
C) Positive punishment 
D) Normative reinforcement

Question 2

Which of the following students is most likely to display an analytical learning style?

Accepted Answer

A) Jamal,an African-American male 
B) Lee,an Asian-American male 
C) Mona,a Caucasian female 
D) Nina,a Hispanic-American female 
A) Jamal,an African-American male 
B) Lee,an Asian-American male 
C) Mona,a Caucasian female 
D) Nina,a Hispanic-American female

Question 3

The focus of classical and operant conditioning is on _____; the focus of the cognitive learning approach is on _____.

Accepted Answer

A) external stimuli,responses,and reinforcement; internal thoughts and expectations of learners 
B) external stimuli,responses,and reinforcement; external stimuli,responses,and reinforcement as well 
C) internal thoughts and expectations of learners; external stimuli,responses,and reinforcement 
D) internal thoughts and expectations of learners; internal thoughts and expectations of learners as well 
A) external stimuli,responses,and reinforcement; internal thoughts and expectations of learners 
B) external stimuli,responses,and reinforcement; external stimuli,responses,and reinforcement as well 
C) internal thoughts and expectations of learners; external stimuli,responses,and reinforcement 
D) internal thoughts and expectations of learners; internal thoughts and expectations of learners as well

Question 4

_____is a decline in the behavioral response following repeated exposure to the same stimulus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____is a decline in the behavioral response...

Question 5

A bright flash automatically causes us to blink.It is a(n)_____response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A bright flash automatically causes us to...

Question 6

Which of the following statements incorrectly describes the effects on observational learning of the reinforcement or punishment of the model?

Accepted Answer

A) We are more likely to imitate reward models than we are to imitate non-reward models. 
B) Observational learning does not occur when the model is punished. 
C) Observing the punishment of a model does not stop observers from learning the behavior. 
D) Observational learning is likely to occur when the model is rewarded. 
A) We are more likely to imitate reward models than we are to imitate non-reward models. 
B) Observational learning does not occur when the model is punished. 
C) Observing the punishment of a model does not stop observers from learning the behavior. 
D) Observational learning is likely to occur when the model is rewarded.

Question 7

Classical conditioning is most successful when the neutral stimulus begins:

Accepted Answer

A) just before the unconditioned stimulus begins. 
B) at exactly the same time that the unconditioned stimulus begins. 
C) long before the unconditioned stimulus begins. 
D) immediately after the unconditioned stimulus begins. 
A) just before the unconditioned stimulus begins. 
B) at exactly the same time that the unconditioned stimulus begins. 
C) long before the unconditioned stimulus begins. 
D) immediately after the unconditioned stimulus begins.

Question 8

Behavior that is reinforced every time it occurs is said to be on a(n)_____ reinforcement schedule.

Accepted Answer

A) secondary 
B) positive 
C) intermittent 
D) continuous 
A) secondary 
B) positive 
C) intermittent 
D) continuous

Question 9

Tim loves dill pickles.Now,the sight of a jar on the supermarket shelf makes his mouth water.In the terminology of classical conditioning,the sight of the jar is a(n)_____.

Accepted Answer

A) conditioned stimulus 
B) unconditioned stimulus 
C) neutral stimulus 
D) conditioned response 
A) conditioned stimulus 
B) unconditioned stimulus 
C) neutral stimulus 
D) conditioned response

Question 10

In the latent learning study described in the text,the rats that were reinforced only during the latter portion of the experiment would be considered a(n)_____group.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the latent learning study described in...

Question 11

_____ is learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened,depending on its favorable or unfavorable consequences.

Accepted Answer

A) Classical conditioning 
B) Operant conditioning 
C) Observational learning 
D) Instrumental conditioning 
A) Classical conditioning 
B) Operant conditioning 
C) Observational learning 
D) Instrumental conditioning

Question 12

June's cat runs to the kitchen at the sound of the electric can opener,which she has learned is used to open her food when her dinner is about to be served.The cat does not run when a blender is used,although it sounds similar.June's cat is demonstrating stimulus:

Accepted Answer

A) control. 
B) discrimination. 
C) generalization. 
D) diffusion. 
A) control. 
B) discrimination. 
C) generalization. 
D) diffusion.

Question 13

The cognitive learning concept of _____ learning is associated most prominently with _____.

Accepted Answer

A) latent; Tolman 
B) latent; Thorndike 
C) implicit; Tolman 
D) implicit; Thorndike 
A) latent; Tolman 
B) latent; Thorndike 
C) implicit; Tolman 
D) implicit; Thorndike

Question 14

Dr.Tabachnik focuses on the expectations participants develop regarding the likelihood that a given behavior will be punished.Dr.Tabachnik might be described as a(n)_____theorist.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr.Tabachnik focuses on the expectations participants develop...

Question 15

In the case of Pavlov and his dog,identify and describe the following: neutral stimulus,unconditioned stimulus,unconditioned response,conditioned stimulus,and conditioned response.

Accepted Answer

Before conditioning,there are two unrela

Question 16

Positive punishment _____a response through the application of an unpleasant stimulus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Positive punishment _____a response through the application...

Question 17

Stimulus _____ provides the ability to differentiate between stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A) control 
B) discrimination 
C) generalization 
D) diffusion 
A) control 
B) discrimination 
C) generalization 
D) diffusion

Question 18

Briefly describe observational learning and Bandura's Bobo doll research.Discuss how this research altered conventional views of learning.What role might mirror neurons play in observational learning?

Accepted Answer

According to psychologist Albert Bandura

Question 19

Which of the following scenarios exemplifies extinction?

Accepted Answer

A) Alexis is a former cocaine user.Now that she no longer uses cocaine,her hands no longer shake and her heart no longer pounds when she hears a car pull into her drive,like her dealer used to do in his car. 
B) Alexis uses cocaine.She no longer feels quite the same rush as she did when she first started using. 
C) Alexis is a former cocaine user in recovery.After a relapse,though,her hands shake and her heart pounds when she hears a car pull into her drive,like her dealer used to do in his car. 
D) Alexis uses cocaine.She finds that she is slowly losing her sense of smell. 
A) Alexis is a former cocaine user.Now that she no longer uses cocaine,her hands no longer shake and her heart no longer pounds when she hears a car pull into her drive,like her dealer used to do in his car. 
B) Alexis uses cocaine.She no longer feels quite the same rush as she did when she first started using. 
C) Alexis is a former cocaine user in recovery.After a relapse,though,her hands shake and her heart pounds when she hears a car pull into her drive,like her dealer used to do in his car. 
D) Alexis uses cocaine.She finds that she is slowly losing her sense of smell.

Question 20

_____ is the decrease in response to a stimulus that occurs after repeated presentations of the same stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) Sensation 
B) Disinhibition 
C) Habituation 
D) Conservation 
A) Sensation 
B) Disinhibition 
C) Habituation 
D) Conservation

_____ weakens a response through the application of an unpleasant stimulus.

Which of the following students is most likely to display an analytical learning style?

The focus of classical and operant conditioning is on _; the focus of the cognitive learning approach is on _.

_____is a decline in the behavioral response following repeated exposure to the same stimulus.

A bright flash automatically causes us to blink.It is a(n)_____response.

Which of the following statements incorrectly describes the effects on observational learning of the reinforcement or punishment of the model?

Classical conditioning is most successful when the neutral stimulus begins:

Behavior that is reinforced every time it occurs is said to be on a(n)_____ reinforcement schedule.

Tim loves dill pickles.Now,the sight of a jar on the supermarket shelf makes his mouth water.In the terminology of classical conditioning,the sight of the jar is a(n)_____.

In the latent learning study described in the text,the rats that were reinforced only during the latter portion of the experiment would be considered a(n)_____group.

_____ is learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened,depending on its favorable or unfavorable consequences.

June's cat runs to the kitchen at the sound of the electric can opener,which she has learned is used to open her food when her dinner is about to be served.The cat does not run when a blender is used,although it sounds similar.June's cat is demonstrating stimulus:

The cognitive learning concept of _ learning is associated most prominently with _.

Dr.Tabachnik focuses on the expectations participants develop regarding the likelihood that a given behavior will be punished.Dr.Tabachnik might be described as a(n)_____theorist.

In the case of Pavlov and his dog,identify and describe the following: neutral stimulus,unconditioned stimulus,unconditioned response,conditioned stimulus,and conditioned response.

Positive punishment _____a response through the application of an unpleasant stimulus.

Stimulus _____ provides the ability to differentiate between stimuli.

Briefly describe observational learning and Bandura's Bobo doll research.Discuss how this research altered conventional views of learning.What role might mirror neurons play in observational learning?

Which of the following scenarios exemplifies extinction?

_____ is the decrease in response to a stimulus that occurs after repeated presentations of the same stimulus.

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Exam 6: Learning

_____ weakens a response through the application of an unpleasant stimulus.

Which of the following students is most likely to display an analytical learning style?

The focus of classical and operant conditioning is on _____; the focus of the cognitive learning approach is on _____.

_____is a decline in the behavioral response following repeated exposure to the same stimulus.

A bright flash automatically causes us to blink.It is a(n)_____response.

Which of the following statements incorrectly describes the effects on observational learning of the reinforcement or punishment of the model?

Classical conditioning is most successful when the neutral stimulus begins:

Behavior that is reinforced every time it occurs is said to be on a(n)_____ reinforcement schedule.

Tim loves dill pickles.Now,the sight of a jar on the supermarket shelf makes his mouth water.In the terminology of classical conditioning,the sight of the jar is a(n)_____.

In the latent learning study described in the text,the rats that were reinforced only during the latter portion of the experiment would be considered a(n)_____group.

_____ is learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened,depending on its favorable or unfavorable consequences.

June's cat runs to the kitchen at the sound of the electric can opener,which she has learned is used to open her food when her dinner is about to be served.The cat does not run when a blender is used,although it sounds similar.June's cat is demonstrating stimulus:

The cognitive learning concept of _____ learning is associated most prominently with _____.

Dr.Tabachnik focuses on the expectations participants develop regarding the likelihood that a given behavior will be punished.Dr.Tabachnik might be described as a(n)_____theorist.

In the case of Pavlov and his dog,identify and describe the following: neutral stimulus,unconditioned stimulus,unconditioned response,conditioned stimulus,and conditioned response.

Positive punishment _____a response through the application of an unpleasant stimulus.

Stimulus _____ provides the ability to differentiate between stimuli.

Briefly describe observational learning and Bandura's Bobo doll research.Discuss how this research altered conventional views of learning.What role might mirror neurons play in observational learning?

Which of the following scenarios exemplifies extinction?

_____ is the decrease in response to a stimulus that occurs after repeated presentations of the same stimulus.

Introduction to Psychology

Psychology Research

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Cognition and Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Sexuality and Gender

Development

Personality

Health Psychology: Stress, Coping, and Well-Being

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Social Psychology

Filters

The focus of classical and operant conditioning is on _; the focus of the cognitive learning approach is on _.

The cognitive learning concept of _ learning is associated most prominently with _.