Question 1

Which of the following types of consequences is correctly matched with an example?

Accepted Answer

A) Positive reinforcement-Vickie applies lotion to lessen the discomfort of a small burn 
B) Negative reinforcement-Ella's parents confiscate her car keys for breaking curfew 
C) Positive punishment-Laurel's mother yells at her when Laurel takes $20 from her mom's purse 
D) Negative punishment-Maddie receives a bonus for outstanding work performance 
A) Positive reinforcement-Vickie applies lotion to lessen the discomfort of a small burn 
B) Negative reinforcement-Ella's parents confiscate her car keys for breaking curfew 
C) Positive punishment-Laurel's mother yells at her when Laurel takes $20 from her mom's purse 
D) Negative punishment-Maddie receives a bonus for outstanding work performance

Question 2

Money is an example of a _____reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Money is an example of a _____reinforcer....

Question 3

Paychecks and semester grades are delivered on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed-ratio 
B) fixed-interval 
C) variable-ratio 
D) variable-interval 
A) fixed-ratio 
B) fixed-interval 
C) variable-ratio 
D) variable-interval

Question 4

Explain classical conditioning with a suitable example.

Accepted Answer

Students' examples may vary.
Classical c

Question 5

"Responses that lead to satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated." This is the law of:

Accepted Answer

A) consequences. 
B) reward. 
C) effect. 
D) reinforcement. 
A) consequences. 
B) reward. 
C) effect. 
D) reinforcement.

Question 6

How do the phenomena of latent and observational learning force a reconsideration of the view of learning offered by classical and operant conditioning theorists? Provide as thoughtful a response as you can.

Accepted Answer

Two key ideas should form the core of th

Question 7

_____are neurons that fire when we observe another person's behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____are neurons that fire when we observe...

Question 8

As part of a behavior modification program,Kendra and her partner each agree to praise the other if she completes her assigned household chores by the end of the day.Such praise is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) primary reinforcement 
B) tertiary reinforcement 
C) positive reinforcement 
D) negative reinforcement 
A) primary reinforcement 
B) tertiary reinforcement 
C) positive reinforcement 
D) negative reinforcement

Question 9

Psychologists use the term _____ to refer to a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience.

Accepted Answer

A) growth 
B) maturation 
C) cognition 
D) learning 
A) growth 
B) maturation 
C) cognition 
D) learning

Question 10

A variable-ratio schedule is a schedule:

Accepted Answer

A) by which reinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses are made. 
B) by which reinforcement occurs after a fluctuating number of responses rather than after a fixed number. 
C) that provides reinforcement for a response only if a fixed time period has elapsed,making overall rates of response relatively low. 
D) by which the time between reinforcements varies around some average rather than being fixed. 
A) by which reinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses are made. 
B) by which reinforcement occurs after a fluctuating number of responses rather than after a fixed number. 
C) that provides reinforcement for a response only if a fixed time period has elapsed,making overall rates of response relatively low. 
D) by which the time between reinforcements varies around some average rather than being fixed.

Question 11

In general,_____ schedules of reinforcement yield high response rates.

Accepted Answer

A) variable-interval 
B) fixed-interval 
C) variable-ratio 
D) fixed-ratio 
A) variable-interval 
B) fixed-interval 
C) variable-ratio 
D) fixed-ratio

Question 12

Which theorist is correctly matched with the concept with which he is associated?

Accepted Answer

A) Bandura-classical conditioning 
B) Tolman-latent learning 
C) Pavlov-observational learning 
D) Watson-associative learning 
A) Bandura-classical conditioning 
B) Tolman-latent learning 
C) Pavlov-observational learning 
D) Watson-associative learning

Question 13

_____ occurs if two stimuli are sufficiently distinct from each other that one evokes a conditioned response but the other does not.

Accepted Answer

A) Stimulus location 
B) Stimulus generalization 
C) Stimulus diffusion 
D) Stimulus discrimination 
A) Stimulus location 
B) Stimulus generalization 
C) Stimulus diffusion 
D) Stimulus discrimination

Question 14

Psychologists working within the cognitive learning perspective:

Accepted Answer

A) deny the importance of classical and operant conditioning. 
B) go beyond classical and operant conditioning. 
C) perform research essentially identical to that conducted by more traditional learning theorists. 
D) have probably never heard of classical and operant conditioning. 
A) deny the importance of classical and operant conditioning. 
B) go beyond classical and operant conditioning. 
C) perform research essentially identical to that conducted by more traditional learning theorists. 
D) have probably never heard of classical and operant conditioning.

Question 15

Nature is to nurture what _____ is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus 
B) conditioned response; unconditioned response 
C) neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus 
D) unconditioned response; conditioned response 
A) conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus 
B) conditioned response; unconditioned response 
C) neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus 
D) unconditioned response; conditioned response

Question 16

Suppose that you are asked to lead a workshop for parents on the use of punishment and reinforcement to manage child and adolescent behavior.What might you tell the parents regarding the appropriate and inappropriate use of punishment? Provide concrete examples to support your points.Suggest how parents might use punishment more effectively and how they might substitute reinforcement for punishment.Provide concrete examples to support your points.

Accepted Answer

Students' examples may vary.
Punishment

Question 17

According to one survey,approximately one-_____ of violent young male offenders in Florida had attempted to commit a media-inspired copycat crime.

Accepted Answer

A) fifth 
B) fourth 
C) third 
D) half 
A) fifth 
B) fourth 
C) third 
D) half

Question 18

Learning by watching the behavior of another person,or model is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A) perceptual learning 
B) observational learning 
C) latent learning 
D) tangential learning 
A) perceptual learning 
B) observational learning 
C) latent learning 
D) tangential learning

Question 19

Operant conditioning most importantly involves forming associations between:

Accepted Answer

A) neutral and unconditioned stimuli. 
B) stimuli and involuntary behavior. 
C) behavior and consequences. 
D) conditioned response and reflex. 
A) neutral and unconditioned stimuli. 
B) stimuli and involuntary behavior. 
C) behavior and consequences. 
D) conditioned response and reflex.

Question 20

_____ occurs when a previously conditioned response decreases in frequency and eventually disappears.

Accepted Answer

A) Extinction 
B) Habituation 
C) Adaptation 
D) Deconditioning 
A) Extinction 
B) Habituation 
C) Adaptation 
D) Deconditioning

Which of the following types of consequences is correctly matched with an example?

Money is an example of a _____reinforcer.

Paychecks and semester grades are delivered on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Explain classical conditioning with a suitable example.

"Responses that lead to satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated." This is the law of:

How do the phenomena of latent and observational learning force a reconsideration of the view of learning offered by classical and operant conditioning theorists? Provide as thoughtful a response as you can.

_____are neurons that fire when we observe another person's behavior.

As part of a behavior modification program,Kendra and her partner each agree to praise the other if she completes her assigned household chores by the end of the day.Such praise is an example of:

Psychologists use the term _____ to refer to a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience.

A variable-ratio schedule is a schedule:

In general,_____ schedules of reinforcement yield high response rates.

Which theorist is correctly matched with the concept with which he is associated?

_____ occurs if two stimuli are sufficiently distinct from each other that one evokes a conditioned response but the other does not.

Psychologists working within the cognitive learning perspective:

Nature is to nurture what _ is to _.

According to one survey,approximately one-_____ of violent young male offenders in Florida had attempted to commit a media-inspired copycat crime.

Learning by watching the behavior of another person,or model is known as _____.

Operant conditioning most importantly involves forming associations between:

_____ occurs when a previously conditioned response decreases in frequency and eventually disappears.

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Exam 6: Learning

Which of the following types of consequences is correctly matched with an example?

Money is an example of a _____reinforcer.

Paychecks and semester grades are delivered on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Explain classical conditioning with a suitable example.

"Responses that lead to satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated." This is the law of:

How do the phenomena of latent and observational learning force a reconsideration of the view of learning offered by classical and operant conditioning theorists? Provide as thoughtful a response as you can.

_____are neurons that fire when we observe another person's behavior.

As part of a behavior modification program,Kendra and her partner each agree to praise the other if she completes her assigned household chores by the end of the day.Such praise is an example of:

Psychologists use the term _____ to refer to a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience.

A variable-ratio schedule is a schedule:

In general,_____ schedules of reinforcement yield high response rates.

Which theorist is correctly matched with the concept with which he is associated?

_____ occurs if two stimuli are sufficiently distinct from each other that one evokes a conditioned response but the other does not.

Psychologists working within the cognitive learning perspective:

Nature is to nurture what _____ is to _____.

According to one survey,approximately one-_____ of violent young male offenders in Florida had attempted to commit a media-inspired copycat crime.

Learning by watching the behavior of another person,or model is known as _____.

Operant conditioning most importantly involves forming associations between:

_____ occurs when a previously conditioned response decreases in frequency and eventually disappears.

Introduction to Psychology

Psychology Research

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Cognition and Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Sexuality and Gender

Development

Personality

Health Psychology: Stress, Coping, and Well-Being

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Social Psychology

Filters

Nature is to nurture what _ is to _.