Exam 30: Homeostasis: Osmotic Regulation, Excretion, and Temperature Regulation

It is believed that in flatworms,water enters the protonephridia (flame cells)from the surrounding tissues by negative pressure from the ___________ beating.

The ___________ of annelids and molluscs is an open,or "true," nephridium.

What kind of osmoregulatory problems were encountered by the ancestors of marine bony fishes (that apparently evolved in freshwater ecosystems)?

Animals that conserve their own metabolically derived body heat to elevate their body temperature are called _____________.

Briefly describe how marine invertebrates meet and solve the problems of salt and water balance.If many invertebrates can survive in marine environments,why can't insects?

Compared to kangaroo rats,humans

Outline various adaptive strategies for survival in cold environments used by both invertebrates and vertebrates.

Which hormone promotes the secretion of antidiuretic hormone?

Marine bony fishes

Briefly describe the function and role of the following: aldosterone,renin,angiotensin,and antidiuretic hormone.

Hummingbirds are able to reduce energy expenditure when inactive by

The transport maximum is the upper limit to the amount of a substance that can be

Explain the physiological process of glomerular filtration.

The amount of water retained and the final concentration of the urine depend on the permeability of the walls of the _______ ______.

Freshwater animals tend to lose too much salt and gain too much ____________.

In cases of heart disease,where the physician desires to ease the burden on the heart,why would a medication be given that dramatically affects the amount of water that is urinated? Should this medication be a diuretic (increase urine flow)or an antidiuretic?

The brackish-water shore crab

Some insects are "facultative endotherms," which means they can warm up parts of their body,such as the thorax,by muscular thermogenesis.How does this compare to the endothermy found in most mammals and birds?

The most likely mechanism operating a contractile vacuole is

Why is homeostasis so important to animals? Why should any kind of constancy of the internal environment be important?