Question 1

At the point in the cell cycle when mitosis begins

Accepted Answer

A) DNA replication begins. 
B) each chromosome consists of two identical chromatids joined at the centromere. 
C) the number of chromosome is reduced to half. 
D) the cell enters a dormant phase. 
A) DNA replication begins. 
B) each chromosome consists of two identical chromatids joined at the centromere. 
C) the number of chromosome is reduced to half. 
D) the cell enters a dormant phase. B

Question 2

The organelle that consists of a stack of flat,membrane-enclosed sacs is the

Accepted Answer

A) mitochondrion. 
B) nucleolus. 
C) Golgi apparatus. 
D) nucleus. 
A) mitochondrion. 
B) nucleolus. 
C) Golgi apparatus. 
D) nucleus. C

Question 3

Factors that control how often a cell divides include

Accepted Answer

A) telomere lengths,hormonal signals,crowding,and growth factors. 
B) which chromosomes are active and which are not. 
C) the activity level of the person,diet,and environmental exposures. 
D) where chromosomes are located within the nucleus. 
A) telomere lengths,hormonal signals,crowding,and growth factors. 
B) which chromosomes are active and which are not. 
C) the activity level of the person,diet,and environmental exposures. 
D) where chromosomes are located within the nucleus. A

Question 4

DNA replicates during the _____ phase of the cell cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) G1 
B) G2 
C) G3 
D) S 
A) G1 
B) G2 
C) G3 
D) S

Question 5

The two major stages of the cell cycle are

Accepted Answer

A) interphase and prophase. 
B) interphase and mitosis. 
C) mitosis and meiosis. 
D) mitosis and apoptosis. 
A) interphase and prophase. 
B) interphase and mitosis. 
C) mitosis and meiosis. 
D) mitosis and apoptosis.

Question 6

A researcher identifies an abnormality in a protein that causes a particular inherited illness.To develop a treatment,it would be most helpful to know

Accepted Answer

A) which cells are affected and how to replace the protein's function in them. 
B) the sequence of the gene that encodes the protein. 
C) the other types of molecules that cause or contribute to the disease. 
D) the type of mutation that affects the protein. 
A) which cells are affected and how to replace the protein's function in them. 
B) the sequence of the gene that encodes the protein. 
C) the other types of molecules that cause or contribute to the disease. 
D) the type of mutation that affects the protein.

Question 7

Organelles protect a cell by

Accepted Answer

A) sequestering biochemicals that could dismantle other cellular structures. 
B) forming a thick outer barrier. 
C) containing powerful enzymes that kill any bacteria that enter. 
D) placing flag-like molecules on a cell's surface,which identify that cell as belonging to a particular person. 
A) sequestering biochemicals that could dismantle other cellular structures. 
B) forming a thick outer barrier. 
C) containing powerful enzymes that kill any bacteria that enter. 
D) placing flag-like molecules on a cell's surface,which identify that cell as belonging to a particular person.

Question 8

The order of events in the cell cycle is

Accepted Answer

A) S to G1 to G2 to mitosis. 
B) Mitosis to G1 to G2 to S. 
C) G1 to G2 to S to mitosis. 
D) G1 to S to G2 to mitosis. 
A) S to G1 to G2 to mitosis. 
B) Mitosis to G1 to G2 to S. 
C) G1 to G2 to S to mitosis. 
D) G1 to S to G2 to mitosis.

Question 9

An experimental treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease),which causes gradual loss of the ability to move,sends four genes into cells sampled from a patient's skin.This procedure reprograms the cells,which are then exposed to molecules and genes that stimulate them to develop as healthy versions of the cells affected in the disease.These cells are implanted into the patient.They are

Accepted Answer

A) embryonic stem cells. 
B) adult connective tissue stem cells. 
C) induced pluripotent stem cells. 
D) apoptotic cells. 
A) embryonic stem cells. 
B) adult connective tissue stem cells. 
C) induced pluripotent stem cells. 
D) apoptotic cells.

Question 10

Apoptosis is a form of

Accepted Answer

A) programmed cell death that is a normal part of development. 
B) programmed cell division that is a normal part of development. 
C) cellular duplication. 
D) cellular adhesion. 
A) programmed cell death that is a normal part of development. 
B) programmed cell division that is a normal part of development. 
C) cellular duplication. 
D) cellular adhesion.

Question 11

A cell that can divide to give rise to any cell type,including those of membranes that support the developing embryo,is

Accepted Answer

A) multipotent. 
B) a progenitor cell. 
C) a differentiated cell. 
D) totipotent. 
A) multipotent. 
B) a progenitor cell. 
C) a differentiated cell. 
D) totipotent.

Question 12

The cell type with the most mitochondria is

Accepted Answer

A) muscle. 
B) nerve. 
C) fat. 
D) sperm. 
A) muscle. 
B) nerve. 
C) fat. 
D) sperm.

Question 13

The cell cycle is a series of events a cell undergoes as it prepares to

Accepted Answer

A) divide. 
B) die. 
C) adhere to another cell. 
D) pass along a signal. 
A) divide. 
B) die. 
C) adhere to another cell. 
D) pass along a signal.

Question 14

A type of vesicle that ferries molecules,such as cholesterol,to lysosomes is an

Accepted Answer

A) endosome. 
B) episome. 
C) oprahsome. 
D) ectosome. 
A) endosome. 
B) episome. 
C) oprahsome. 
D) ectosome.

Question 15

What is the sequence of events involved in the production of proteins that is secreted?

Accepted Answer

A) A hormone signals the gene that encodes the protein to be transcribed into mRNA in the nucleus.The mRNA is translated into protein on the ER,then processed and folded in the Golgi apparatus,and then sent out of the cell in a vesicle. 
B) A hormone signals a protein-filled vesicle to move from the plasma membrane into the cell and into the nucleus,where it stimulates transcription of the appropriate gene into mRNA.The mRNA exits the nucleus and is translated into protein on the ER and processed and folded in the Golgi apparatus.Finally,the protein is transported out of the cell in a vesicle. 
C) A hormone binds to the plasma membrane,signaling proteins near the membrane to fall apart into amino acids.These enter the nucleus and stimulate replication of the gene encoding the protein. 
D) The protein is produced as a linear molecule in the nucleus,then exits through nuclear pores.On the ER the protein folds into its active form and at the Golgi apparatus is packed into a vesicle,which carries it across the plasma membrane and out of the cell. 
A) A hormone signals the gene that encodes the protein to be transcribed into mRNA in the nucleus.The mRNA is translated into protein on the ER,then processed and folded in the Golgi apparatus,and then sent out of the cell in a vesicle. 
B) A hormone signals a protein-filled vesicle to move from the plasma membrane into the cell and into the nucleus,where it stimulates transcription of the appropriate gene into mRNA.The mRNA exits the nucleus and is translated into protein on the ER and processed and folded in the Golgi apparatus.Finally,the protein is transported out of the cell in a vesicle. 
C) A hormone binds to the plasma membrane,signaling proteins near the membrane to fall apart into amino acids.These enter the nucleus and stimulate replication of the gene encoding the protein. 
D) The protein is produced as a linear molecule in the nucleus,then exits through nuclear pores.On the ER the protein folds into its active form and at the Golgi apparatus is packed into a vesicle,which carries it across the plasma membrane and out of the cell.

Question 16

The cellular basis of muscular dystrophy is that some of a child's muscle cells

Accepted Answer

A) have combined into a structure that cannot contract. 
B) lack DNA. 
C) lack a protein that enables them to withstand the force of contraction. 
D) have too much of a contractile protein and become weak. 
A) have combined into a structure that cannot contract. 
B) lack DNA. 
C) lack a protein that enables them to withstand the force of contraction. 
D) have too much of a contractile protein and become weak.

Question 17

In a DNA molecule,the sugar-phosphate backbone is the same in everyone,but the base sequence is different in everyone.A plasma membrane is similar conceptually to DNA in that

Accepted Answer

A) the lipid bilayer is the same in everyone,but the nature and pattern of the molecules embedded in it differ. 
B) the pattern of embedded proteins in the plasma membrane is the same in everyone,but the lipid bilayer differs. 
C) the lipid bilayer and pattern of embedded proteins differ in everyone. 
D) the lipid bilayer is the same in everyone,but some people have the embedded proteins sticking out of the outer face of the membrane,and others have the proteins extending inwarD. 
A) the lipid bilayer is the same in everyone,but the nature and pattern of the molecules embedded in it differ. 
B) the pattern of embedded proteins in the plasma membrane is the same in everyone,but the lipid bilayer differs. 
C) the lipid bilayer and pattern of embedded proteins differ in everyone. 
D) the lipid bilayer is the same in everyone,but some people have the embedded proteins sticking out of the outer face of the membrane,and others have the proteins extending inwarD.

Question 18

A molecule that binds a cell surface receptor is called a

Accepted Answer

A) peroxisome. 
B) nucleic acid. 
C) ligand. 
D) nuclear pore. 
A) peroxisome. 
B) nucleic acid. 
C) ligand. 
D) nuclear pore.

Question 19

Humans belong to domain _____,which is distinguished by cells that have _____.

Accepted Answer

A) Prokarya;organelles 
B) Archaea;ancient organelles 
C) Eukarya;organelles 
D) Prokarya;proteins 
A) Prokarya;organelles 
B) Archaea;ancient organelles 
C) Eukarya;organelles 
D) Prokarya;proteins

Question 20

The approximate percentage of our cells that are replaced daily is

Accepted Answer

A) 0.1%. 
B) 1%. 
C) 10%. 
D) 27% 
A) 0.1%. 
B) 1%. 
C) 10%. 
D) 27%

Exam 2: Cells

At the point in the cell cycle when mitosis begins

The organelle that consists of a stack of flat,membrane-enclosed sacs is the

Factors that control how often a cell divides include

DNA replicates during the _____ phase of the cell cycle.

The two major stages of the cell cycle are

A researcher identifies an abnormality in a protein that causes a particular inherited illness.To develop a treatment,it would be most helpful to know

Organelles protect a cell by

The order of events in the cell cycle is

Apoptosis is a form of

A cell that can divide to give rise to any cell type,including those of membranes that support the developing embryo,is

The cell type with the most mitochondria is

The cell cycle is a series of events a cell undergoes as it prepares to

A type of vesicle that ferries molecules,such as cholesterol,to lysosomes is an

What is the sequence of events involved in the production of proteins that is secreted?

The cellular basis of muscular dystrophy is that some of a child's muscle cells

In a DNA molecule,the sugar-phosphate backbone is the same in everyone,but the base sequence is different in everyone.A plasma membrane is similar conceptually to DNA in that

A molecule that binds a cell surface receptor is called a

Humans belong to domain _____,which is distinguished by cells that have _____.

The approximate percentage of our cells that are replaced daily is

What Is in a Human Genome

Meiosis,Development and Aging

Single-Gene Inheritance

Beyond Mendels Laws

Matters of Sex

Multifactorial Traits

Genetics of Behavior

DNA Structure and Replication

Gene Action: From DNA to Protein

Gene Expression and Epigenetics

Gene Mutation

Chromosomes

Constant Allele Frequencies

Changing Allele Frequencies

Human Ancestry and Evolution

Genetics of Immunity

Cancer Genetics and Genomics

Genetic Technologies: Patenting, modifying, and Monitoring Dna

Genetic Testing and Treatment

Reproductive Technologies

Genomics

Filters

Humans belong to domain _,which is distinguished by cells that have _.