Question 1

In order to assess the test-retest reliability of a measure the researcher should

Accepted Answer

A) administer the measure at two different times to the same people and compute the correlation between the two sets of scores. 
B) administer the measure at two different times to different people and compute the correlation between the two sets of scores. 
C) correlated individuals' scores on the measure with a different measure designed to measure the same construct. 
D) ask two people to complete the measure several times and compute the correlations across the many time periods. 
A) administer the measure at two different times to the same people and compute the correlation between the two sets of scores. 
B) administer the measure at two different times to different people and compute the correlation between the two sets of scores. 
C) correlated individuals' scores on the measure with a different measure designed to measure the same construct. 
D) ask two people to complete the measure several times and compute the correlations across the many time periods. A

Question 2

Figure:
A researcher was interested in developing a reliable and valid measure of friendliness.That is,she wanted to distinguish between friendly and unfriendly people using her questionnaire.To determine whether she developed a good measure (called "Friend"),she administered her "Friend" questionnaire to a group of 300 people twice (Friend-Time1 and Friend-Time 2),separated by six months.At the second testing session she also administered a similar questionnaire called "Nice," which previous research has shown to be a valid measure of people's ability to get along with people and to make friends.She also administered a questionnaire designed to measure art ability,which she predicted to be unrelated to friendliness.She observed the following correlations among the measures:  
-What correlation coefficient value indicates the "Friend" measure is reliable?

Accepted Answer

The test-retest reliability is .85.

Question 3

A survey researcher randomly selected individuals in Canada,Mexico,and the United States and mailed them a survey about North American trade policies.The researcher compared individuals' survey responses in these countries.This researcher used a

Accepted Answer

A) cross-sectional survey design. 
B) successive independent samples design. 
C) longitudinal survey design. 
D) observational design. 
A) cross-sectional survey design. 
B) successive independent samples design. 
C) longitudinal survey design. 
D) observational design. A

Question 4

A respondent completes items on a closed-response survey by agreeing with each statement on the survey.This might represent a problem of

Accepted Answer

A) response bias. 
B) selection bias. 
C) filter questions. 
D) loaded questions. 
A) response bias. 
B) selection bias. 
C) filter questions. 
D) loaded questions.

Question 5

Suppose a recent issue of the campus newspaper reported a survey about students' attitudes toward proposed changes in the required curriculum.Which of the following would you need to focus on most to decide whether the survey results reported in the paper can be generalized to the entire population of students?

Accepted Answer

A) number of students in the sample 
B) distinctiveness of the sample 
C) representativeness of the sample 
D) variability among students in the sample 
A) number of students in the sample 
B) distinctiveness of the sample 
C) representativeness of the sample 
D) variability among students in the sample

Question 6

In sampling,the specific list of the elements of the population is called the

Accepted Answer

A) sample. 
B) sampling frame. 
C) survey set. 
D) representative sample. 
A) sample. 
B) sampling frame. 
C) survey set. 
D) representative sample.

Question 7

Which of the following is not a potential limitation of the longitudinal design?

Accepted Answer

A) It takes a massive effort to complete a longitudinal design successfully. 
B) It can be difficult to obtain a sample of respondents willing to participate in a longitudinal design. 
C) It is not possible to determine whether the final sample is comparable to the original sample in a longitudinal design. 
D) It is difficult to pinpoint the exact causes for changes in individuals' attitudes that are identified using a longitudinal design. 
A) It takes a massive effort to complete a longitudinal design successfully. 
B) It can be difficult to obtain a sample of respondents willing to participate in a longitudinal design. 
C) It is not possible to determine whether the final sample is comparable to the original sample in a longitudinal design. 
D) It is difficult to pinpoint the exact causes for changes in individuals' attitudes that are identified using a longitudinal design.

Question 8

Identify the key features of a good questionnaire item.

Accepted Answer

Good questionnaire items should use voca

Question 9

studied changes in the values and goals of college freshman from 1966 to the present.They drew random samples from each year's incoming class.Which survey research design did these researchers use?

Accepted Answer

A) convenience design 
B) cross-sectional design 
C) successive independent samples design 
D) longitudinal design 
A) convenience design 
B) cross-sectional design 
C) successive independent samples design 
D) longitudinal design

Question 10

A researcher wants to assess the construct validity of a measure of life satisfaction.Which of the following dimensions would likely be most useful in determining the discriminant validity of the measure?

Accepted Answer

A) happiness 
B) well-being 
C) self-esteem 
D) artistic ability 
A) happiness 
B) well-being 
C) self-esteem 
D) artistic ability

Question 11

The reliability of a survey or test can be increased by

Accepted Answer

A) identifying a sample of individuals who are very similar to each other in terms of the construct of interest. 
B) asking people to respond to a few brief questions about the concept of interest. 
C) asking people to answer many questions about the concept of interest. 
D) none of these 
A) identifying a sample of individuals who are very similar to each other in terms of the construct of interest. 
B) asking people to respond to a few brief questions about the concept of interest. 
C) asking people to answer many questions about the concept of interest. 
D) none of these

Question 12

Distinguish between nonprobability sampling and probability sampling.Name a type of nonprobability sample and two types of probability samples.

Accepted Answer

In nonprobability sampling there is no w

Question 13

Convergent validity in survey research,used to establish the construct validity of a measure,is similar to the use of _________ to establish the validity of findings from research employing unobtrusive measures.

Accepted Answer

A) converging evidence 
B) spurious relationships 
C) natural treatments 
D) archival data 
A) converging evidence 
B) spurious relationships 
C) natural treatments 
D) archival data

Question 14

When the distribution of characteristics in a sample is systematically different from that of the target population,the sample is called a

Accepted Answer

A) distorted sample. 
B) selected sample. 
C) skewed sample. 
D) biased sample. 
A) distorted sample. 
B) selected sample. 
C) skewed sample. 
D) biased sample.

Question 15

Which of the following factors is likely to increase the reliability of a test or of a questionnaire?

Accepted Answer

A) distractions in the testing situation 
B) variability on the factor being tested among those individuals being tested 
C) ambiguous instructions for completing the test 
D) fewer items on a test 
A) distractions in the testing situation 
B) variability on the factor being tested among those individuals being tested 
C) ambiguous instructions for completing the test 
D) fewer items on a test

Question 16

When individuals report on a questionnaire that their behavior is more favorable than it actually is,researchers need to be concerned about the _____ of the questions.

Accepted Answer

A) morality 
B) selection bias 
C) demographics 
D) social desirability 
A) morality 
B) selection bias 
C) demographics 
D) social desirability

Question 17

The potential problem of noncomparable successive samples can arise in the successive independent samples design.Samples are considered noncomparable when

Accepted Answer

A) they differ in sample size by more than 50 respondents. 
B) they are not representative of the same population. 
C) there is a large difference among the samples on the average survey response. 
D) there is no standard value in the population on which the different samples can be compareD. 
A) they differ in sample size by more than 50 respondents. 
B) they are not representative of the same population. 
C) there is a large difference among the samples on the average survey response. 
D) there is no standard value in the population on which the different samples can be compareD.

Question 18

A survey researcher chose to administer a survey using the Internet.This sample likely overrepresents people who own a computer and underrepresents people who don't own a computer.This problem in the researcher's survey is best described as

Accepted Answer

A) low response rate. 
B) selection bias. 
C) social desirability. 
D) a spurious relationship. 
A) low response rate. 
B) selection bias. 
C) social desirability. 
D) a spurious relationship.

Question 19

A professor wants to determine if students' final exam scores in a course can be predicted based on their scores on the first test.The quantitative index the professor is likely using in this situation is the

Accepted Answer

A) prediction product. 
B) contingency score. 
C) correlation coefficient. 
D) covariation cross product. 
A) prediction product. 
B) contingency score. 
C) correlation coefficient. 
D) covariation cross product.

Question 20

When a questionnaire item implies a preferred response within the wording the question,it is called a

Accepted Answer

A) loaded question. 
B) double-barreled question. 
C) leading question. 
D) filter question. 
A) loaded question. 
B) double-barreled question. 
C) leading question. 
D) filter question.

In order to assess the test-retest reliability of a measure the researcher should

A survey researcher randomly selected individuals in Canada,Mexico,and the United States and mailed them a survey about North American trade policies.The researcher compared individuals' survey responses in these countries.This researcher used a

A respondent completes items on a closed-response survey by agreeing with each statement on the survey.This might represent a problem of

In sampling,the specific list of the elements of the population is called the

Which of the following is not a potential limitation of the longitudinal design?

Identify the key features of a good questionnaire item.

studied changes in the values and goals of college freshman from 1966 to the present.They drew random samples from each year's incoming class.Which survey research design did these researchers use?

A researcher wants to assess the construct validity of a measure of life satisfaction.Which of the following dimensions would likely be most useful in determining the discriminant validity of the measure?

The reliability of a survey or test can be increased by

Distinguish between nonprobability sampling and probability sampling.Name a type of nonprobability sample and two types of probability samples.

Convergent validity in survey research,used to establish the construct validity of a measure,is similar to the use of _________ to establish the validity of findings from research employing unobtrusive measures.

When the distribution of characteristics in a sample is systematically different from that of the target population,the sample is called a

Which of the following factors is likely to increase the reliability of a test or of a questionnaire?

When individuals report on a questionnaire that their behavior is more favorable than it actually is,researchers need to be concerned about the _____ of the questions.

The potential problem of noncomparable successive samples can arise in the successive independent samples design.Samples are considered noncomparable when

A survey researcher chose to administer a survey using the Internet.This sample likely overrepresents people who own a computer and underrepresents people who don't own a computer.This problem in the researcher's survey is best described as

A professor wants to determine if students' final exam scores in a course can be predicted based on their scores on the first test.The quantitative index the professor is likely using in this situation is the

When a questionnaire item implies a preferred response within the wording the question,it is called a

Introduction

The Scientifi C Method

Ethical Issues in the Conduct of Psychological Research

Observation

Independent Groups Designs

Repeated Measures Designs

Complex Designs

Single-Case Designs and Small-N Research

Quasi-Experimental Designs and Program Evaluation

Data Analysis and Interpretation: Part I Describing Data,confi Dence Intervals, Correlation

Data Analysis and Interpretation: Part II Tests of Statisticalsignifi Cance and the Analysis Story

Communication in Psychology

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Exam 5: Survey Research

In order to assess the test-retest reliability of a measure the researcher should

A survey researcher randomly selected individuals in Canada,Mexico,and the United States and mailed them a survey about North American trade policies.The researcher compared individuals' survey responses in these countries.This researcher used a

A respondent completes items on a closed-response survey by agreeing with each statement on the survey.This might represent a problem of

In sampling,the specific list of the elements of the population is called the

Which of the following is not a potential limitation of the longitudinal design?

Identify the key features of a good questionnaire item.

studied changes in the values and goals of college freshman from 1966 to the present.They drew random samples from each year's incoming class.Which survey research design did these researchers use?

A researcher wants to assess the construct validity of a measure of life satisfaction.Which of the following dimensions would likely be most useful in determining the discriminant validity of the measure?

The reliability of a survey or test can be increased by

Distinguish between nonprobability sampling and probability sampling.Name a type of nonprobability sample and two types of probability samples.

Convergent validity in survey research,used to establish the construct validity of a measure,is similar to the use of _________ to establish the validity of findings from research employing unobtrusive measures.

When the distribution of characteristics in a sample is systematically different from that of the target population,the sample is called a

Which of the following factors is likely to increase the reliability of a test or of a questionnaire?

When individuals report on a questionnaire that their behavior is more favorable than it actually is,researchers need to be concerned about the _____ of the questions.

The potential problem of noncomparable successive samples can arise in the successive independent samples design.Samples are considered noncomparable when

A survey researcher chose to administer a survey using the Internet.This sample likely overrepresents people who own a computer and underrepresents people who don't own a computer.This problem in the researcher's survey is best described as

A professor wants to determine if students' final exam scores in a course can be predicted based on their scores on the first test.The quantitative index the professor is likely using in this situation is the

When a questionnaire item implies a preferred response within the wording the question,it is called a

Introduction

The Scientifi C Method

Ethical Issues in the Conduct of Psychological Research

Observation

Independent Groups Designs

Repeated Measures Designs

Complex Designs

Single-Case Designs and Small-N Research

Quasi-Experimental Designs and Program Evaluation

Data Analysis and Interpretation: Part I Describing Data,confi Dence Intervals, Correlation

Data Analysis and Interpretation: Part II Tests of Statisticalsignifi Cance and the Analysis Story

Communication in Psychology

Filters