Question 1

p < .05 means that there is less than a 5% chance of making a(n)__________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of p < .05 means that there is...

Question 2

Failing to reject the null hypothesis when in fact it is false is a(n)__________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Failing to reject the null hypothesis when...

Question 3

A study in which the results are not sufficient to reject the null hypothesis is truly inconclusive if the __________ is low.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A study in which the results are...

Question 4

A Type I error is the result of

Accepted Answer

A) improper measurement techniques on the part of the researcher. 
B) failing to reject the null hypothesis when,in fact,it is true. 
C) incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis. 
D) incorrectly failing to reject the null hypothesis. 
A) improper measurement techniques on the part of the researcher. 
B) failing to reject the null hypothesis when,in fact,it is true. 
C) incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis. 
D) incorrectly failing to reject the null hypothesis.

Question 5

Advanced topic: A social psychologist is designing a study to see whether people who see a particular film are more likely to use violence as a solution to a problem.The psychologist plans to use a scale that assesses this construct,which has a population mean of 78 and a standard deviation of 14.The psychologist expects an increase of eight points above the population mean.Fifteen participants will be enrolled in the study,and the data will be analyzed at the .05 level.
a.What is the power of the study?
b.Sketch the distributions involved.
c.Explain your answer to a person who understands hypothesis testing with means of samples,but who is not familiar with effect size or power.
d.What is the predicted effect size?
e.What are three things that might be done to increase the power of the study?

Accepted Answer

A)μ1 = 86,μ2 = 78,σ = 14,σM = √(142/15)=

Question 6

The probability of not making a Type II error is __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The probability of not making a Type...

Question 7

The degree to which the experimental manipulation separates the two populations of individual scores is

Accepted Answer

A) experimental effectiveness. 
B) power. 
C) the effect size. 
D) the significance level. 
A) experimental effectiveness. 
B) power. 
C) the effect size. 
D) the significance level.

Question 8

Cohen's (1962)review of power in psychological studies revealed that

Accepted Answer

A) power levels were reasonable for most studies. 
B) most researchers used large sample sizes to compensate for low power. 
C) no study had power greater than 50%. 
D) most studies were not worth repeating. 
A) power levels were reasonable for most studies. 
B) most researchers used large sample sizes to compensate for low power. 
C) no study had power greater than 50%. 
D) most studies were not worth repeating.

Question 9

If the research hypothesis is true but the study has a low level of power,then

Accepted Answer

A) the probability that the study will have a significant result is high. 
B) the probability that the study will have a significant result is low. 
C) the null hypothesis will almost certainly be rejected. 
D) beta is necessarily low. 
A) the probability that the study will have a significant result is high. 
B) the probability that the study will have a significant result is low. 
C) the null hypothesis will almost certainly be rejected. 
D) beta is necessarily low.

Question 10

The probability of making a Type I error is __________.

Accepted Answer

Alpha,the

Question 11

To determine how likely it is that the result of a planned experiment will be significant if,in fact,the research hypothesis is true,an experimenter can figure __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of To determine how likely it is that...

Question 12

Most of the time,experimenters determine the power of a planned experiment by using a(n)__________.

Accepted Answer

power tabl

Question 13

The probability of making a Type II error is __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The probability of making a Type II...

Question 14

Standard power tables are useful for

Accepted Answer

A) directly determining the power of an experiment. 
B) determining the predicted score for the group exposed to the experimental manipulation. 
C) determining the predicted effect size of a proposed experiment. 
D) determining the probability of falsely accepting the research hypothesis. 
A) directly determining the power of an experiment. 
B) determining the predicted score for the group exposed to the experimental manipulation. 
C) determining the predicted effect size of a proposed experiment. 
D) determining the probability of falsely accepting the research hypothesis.

Question 15

Setting the significance level cutoff at .10 instead of the more usual .05 increases the likelihood of

Accepted Answer

A) a Type I error. 
B) a Type II error. 
C) failing to reject the null hypothesis. 
D) accepting the null hypothesis when,in fact,it is false. 
A) a Type I error. 
B) a Type II error. 
C) failing to reject the null hypothesis. 
D) accepting the null hypothesis when,in fact,it is false.

Question 16

Beta is the probability that

Accepted Answer

A) if the research hypothesis is true,the experiment would still fail to support it. 
B) the research will be able to correctly reject the null hypothesis. 
C) there will be neither a Type I nor a Type II error. 
D) an alpha error will not occur. 
A) if the research hypothesis is true,the experiment would still fail to support it. 
B) the research will be able to correctly reject the null hypothesis. 
C) there will be neither a Type I nor a Type II error. 
D) an alpha error will not occur.

Question 17

The conventional levels of significance of 5% and 1%

Accepted Answer

A) provide maximum protection against Type I errors. 
B) provide maximum protection against Type II errors. 
C) are a compromise between the risks of making Type I and Type II errors. 
D) are more related to power and sample-size considerations than decision errors. 
A) provide maximum protection against Type I errors. 
B) provide maximum protection against Type II errors. 
C) are a compromise between the risks of making Type I and Type II errors. 
D) are more related to power and sample-size considerations than decision errors.

Question 18

Effect size is

Accepted Answer

A) the amount of statistical importance a particular finding has in psychological practice. 
B) the power of a study divided by the sample size. 
C) the sample size multiplied by 1 - beta. 
D) the degree to which an experimental manipulation separates two populations. 
A) the amount of statistical importance a particular finding has in psychological practice. 
B) the power of a study divided by the sample size. 
C) the sample size multiplied by 1 - beta. 
D) the degree to which an experimental manipulation separates two populations.

Question 19

James asks his friend Rob for advice on how to increase the power of his experiment.Which of Rob's suggestions is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) use a larger sample size 
B) use a less diverse population 
C) use a two-tailed instead of a one-tailed test 
D) use a more intense experimental manipulation to increase effect size 
A) use a larger sample size 
B) use a less diverse population 
C) use a two-tailed instead of a one-tailed test 
D) use a more intense experimental manipulation to increase effect size

Question 20

Type II errors concern psychologists because

Accepted Answer

A) they could mean that good theories or useful practical procedures are not used. 
B) they could mean that experiments must be repeated to confirm positive results. 
C) rejecting the null hypothesis should only occur when the research hypothesis is true. 
D) future research might be based on results mistakenly declared significant. 
A) they could mean that good theories or useful practical procedures are not used. 
B) they could mean that experiments must be repeated to confirm positive results. 
C) rejecting the null hypothesis should only occur when the research hypothesis is true. 
D) future research might be based on results mistakenly declared significant.

p < .05 means that there is less than a 5% chance of making a(n)__________.

Failing to reject the null hypothesis when in fact it is false is a(n)__________.

A study in which the results are not sufficient to reject the null hypothesis is truly inconclusive if the __________ is low.

A Type I error is the result of

The probability of not making a Type II error is __________.

The degree to which the experimental manipulation separates the two populations of individual scores is

Cohen's (1962)review of power in psychological studies revealed that

If the research hypothesis is true but the study has a low level of power,then

The probability of making a Type I error is __________.

To determine how likely it is that the result of a planned experiment will be significant if,in fact,the research hypothesis is true,an experimenter can figure __________.

Most of the time,experimenters determine the power of a planned experiment by using a(n)__________.

The probability of making a Type II error is __________.

Standard power tables are useful for

Setting the significance level cutoff at .10 instead of the more usual .05 increases the likelihood of

Beta is the probability that

The conventional levels of significance of 5% and 1%

Effect size is

James asks his friend Rob for advice on how to increase the power of his experiment.Which of Rob's suggestions is incorrect?

Type II errors concern psychologists because

Displaying the Order in a Group of Numbers

Central Tendency and Variability

Some Key Ingredients for Inferential Statistics: Z Scores,the Normal Curve, Sample Versus Population, and Probability

Introduction to Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis Tests With Means of Samples

Introduction to T Tests: Single Sample and Dependent Means

The T Test for Independent Means

Introduction to the Analysis of Variance

Factorial Analysis of Variance

Correlation

Prediction

Chi-Square Tests

Strategies When Population Distributions Are Not Normal: Data Transformations and Rank-Order Tests

The General Linear Model and Making Sense of Advanced Statistical Procedures in Research Articles

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Exam 6: Making Sense of Statistical Significance:decision Errors, Effect Size, and Statistical Power

p < .05 means that there is less than a 5% chance of making a(n)__________.

Failing to reject the null hypothesis when in fact it is false is a(n)__________.

A study in which the results are not sufficient to reject the null hypothesis is truly inconclusive if the __________ is low.

A Type I error is the result of

The probability of not making a Type II error is __________.

The degree to which the experimental manipulation separates the two populations of individual scores is

Cohen's (1962)review of power in psychological studies revealed that

If the research hypothesis is true but the study has a low level of power,then

The probability of making a Type I error is __________.

To determine how likely it is that the result of a planned experiment will be significant if,in fact,the research hypothesis is true,an experimenter can figure __________.

Most of the time,experimenters determine the power of a planned experiment by using a(n)__________.

The probability of making a Type II error is __________.

Standard power tables are useful for

Setting the significance level cutoff at .10 instead of the more usual .05 increases the likelihood of

Beta is the probability that

The conventional levels of significance of 5% and 1%

Effect size is

James asks his friend Rob for advice on how to increase the power of his experiment.Which of Rob's suggestions is incorrect?

Type II errors concern psychologists because

Displaying the Order in a Group of Numbers

Central Tendency and Variability

Some Key Ingredients for Inferential Statistics: Z Scores,the Normal Curve, Sample Versus Population, and Probability

Introduction to Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis Tests With Means of Samples

Introduction to T Tests: Single Sample and Dependent Means

The T Test for Independent Means

Introduction to the Analysis of Variance

Factorial Analysis of Variance

Correlation

Prediction

Chi-Square Tests

Strategies When Population Distributions Are Not Normal: Data Transformations and Rank-Order Tests

The General Linear Model and Making Sense of Advanced Statistical Procedures in Research Articles

Filters