Question 1

The effect size and the number of participants are two important determinants of

Accepted Answer

A) the minimum significant result. 
B) experimental significance. 
C) power. 
D) alpha. 
A) the minimum significant result. 
B) experimental significance. 
C) power. 
D) alpha.

Question 2

In studies using a very large number of participants,it is common to get statistically significant results that have a very small __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In studies using a very large number...

Question 3

Rejecting the null hypothesis when in fact it is true is a(n)__________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rejecting the null hypothesis when in fact...

Question 4

The probability of NOT making a Type II error is

Accepted Answer

A) the experimental safety region. 
B) power. 
C) alpha. 
D) beta. 
A) the experimental safety region. 
B) power. 
C) alpha. 
D) beta.

Question 5

A cognitive psychologist tests whether memory for abstract ideas improves when the information is presented both verbally and visually.Which of the following scenarios represents a Type II error?

Accepted Answer

A) The psychologist concludes that memory does not improve when the true situation is that it does not improve. 
B) The psychologist concludes that memory does not improve when the true situation is that it does improve. 
C) The psychologist concludes that memory does improve when the true situation is that it does improve. 
D) The psychologist concludes that memory does improve when the true situation is that it does not improve. 
A) The psychologist concludes that memory does not improve when the true situation is that it does not improve. 
B) The psychologist concludes that memory does not improve when the true situation is that it does improve. 
C) The psychologist concludes that memory does improve when the true situation is that it does improve. 
D) The psychologist concludes that memory does improve when the true situation is that it does not improve.

Question 6

When the standard deviation of the original population is small,the experiment tends to

Accepted Answer

A) have a higher level of power. 
B) have a lower level of power. 
C) show a less significant difference between the two populations. 
D) have a high level of Type II error. 
A) have a higher level of power. 
B) have a lower level of power. 
C) show a less significant difference between the two populations. 
D) have a high level of Type II error.

Question 7

d = (μ1 - μ2)/ __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of d = (μ1 - μ2)/ __________....

Question 8

Interpreting the results of theoretical studies is more likely to emphasize significance level,while interpreting the results of applied studies is more likely to emphasize __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Interpreting the results of theoretical studies is...

Question 9

Cohen proposed effect-size conventions based on the effects observed in psychology research in general because

Accepted Answer

A) experimenters need to assess whether the obtained effect size will allow them to reject the null hypothesis. 
B) determining how large an effect can be expected in a given experiment is difficult. 
C) they follow from the original scales he developed. 
D) they are more accurate than calculating a minimum meaningful difference. 
A) experimenters need to assess whether the obtained effect size will allow them to reject the null hypothesis. 
B) determining how large an effect can be expected in a given experiment is difficult. 
C) they follow from the original scales he developed. 
D) they are more accurate than calculating a minimum meaningful difference.

Question 10

Effect size is one of the two major factors that contribute to power; the other factor is

Accepted Answer

A) the sample's standard deviation. 
B) the minimum meaningful difference. 
C) the sample size. 
D) the mean of the known population. 
A) the sample's standard deviation. 
B) the minimum meaningful difference. 
C) the sample size. 
D) the mean of the known population.

Question 11

Advanced topic: A psychologist investigating hearing thresholds knows that an average participant gets a score of 42 with a standard deviation of 15 on a standard hearing test.The psychologist plans to add a distraction task to the standard test for 10 participants and evaluate the effect of the distraction at the .01 level.The psychologist believes that the distraction should result in a 12-point reduction in scores .During the planning process,the psychologist realizes that 10 participants may not be enough for adequate power and has asked a consultant to calculate the power for this experiment.
a.What is the current power of the planned study?
b.Sketch the distributions involved.
c.What are three ways to increase the power of this study?
d.What is the predicted effect size?
e.Explain these procedures to a person who understands hypothesis testing with means of samples,but who is not familiar with effect size or power.

Accepted Answer

A)μ1 = 30,μ2 = 42,σ = 15,σM = √(152/10)=

Question 12

A psychologist conducts a study and finds that d = 1.41.This effect size would most likely be described as

Accepted Answer

A) small 
B) medium 
C) large 
D) an error because d cannot be greater than 1 
A) small 
B) medium 
C) large 
D) an error because d cannot be greater than 1

Question 13

If beta equals 70%,then alpha

Accepted Answer

A) equals 30%. 
B) equals 50%. 
C) equals 70%. 
D) cannot be determined from information provided. 
A) equals 30%. 
B) equals 50%. 
C) equals 70%. 
D) cannot be determined from information provided.

Question 14

When conducting an experiment with 95% power,failing to reject the null hypothesis means that

Accepted Answer

A) there is no difference between the experimental and control populations. 
B) the experiment was poorly conducted. 
C) the null hypothesis is true. 
D) the chance that the data came from populations with a difference larger than that predicted when calculating power is less than 5%. 
A) there is no difference between the experimental and control populations. 
B) the experiment was poorly conducted. 
C) the null hypothesis is true. 
D) the chance that the data came from populations with a difference larger than that predicted when calculating power is less than 5%.

Question 15

A cognitive psychologist tests whether memory for abstract ideas improves when the information is presented both verbally and visually.Which of the following scenarios represents a Type I error?

Accepted Answer

A) The psychologist concludes that memory does not improve when the true situation is that it does not improve. 
B) The psychologist concludes that memory does not improve when the true situation is that it does improve. 
C) The psychologist concludes that memory does improve when the true situation is that it does improve. 
D) The psychologist concludes that memory does improve when the true situation is that it does not improve. 
A) The psychologist concludes that memory does not improve when the true situation is that it does not improve. 
B) The psychologist concludes that memory does not improve when the true situation is that it does improve. 
C) The psychologist concludes that memory does improve when the true situation is that it does improve. 
D) The psychologist concludes that memory does improve when the true situation is that it does not improve.

Question 16

The procedure for combining the results of several different studies is __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The procedure for combining the results of...

Question 17

A new company has made the claim that its test preparation program will improve SAT scores by 25 points.A skeptical educational psychologist has decided to test this theory and has enlisted 25 students who are willing to participate in the program.Assume the standard SAT mean is 550 with a standard deviation of 100.
a.What is the predicted effect size for an increase of 25 points?
b.Explain the logic of what has been done.
c.Advanced topic: Sketch the distributions involved.
d.Advanced topic: If the data are analyzed at the .05 significance level,what will be the power of the study?
e.Advanced topic: Explain your answer to a person who understands hypothesis testing with means of samples,but who is not familiar with power.

Accepted Answer

A)Effect size = (575 - 550)/ 100 = .25.

Question 18

A researcher obtains a statistically significant result.However,if he used a large sample,then the result may not __________.

Accepted Answer

have pract

Question 19

Rejecting the null hypothesis when the research hypothesis is false is

Accepted Answer

A) effect size. 
B) power. 
C) a Type I error. 
D) a Type II error. 
A) effect size. 
B) power. 
C) a Type I error. 
D) a Type II error.

Question 20

A psychologist conducts a study and finds that d = -.63.This effect size would most likely be described as

Accepted Answer

A) small 
B) medium 
C) large 
D) an error because d cannot be negative 
A) small 
B) medium 
C) large 
D) an error because d cannot be negative

The effect size and the number of participants are two important determinants of

In studies using a very large number of participants,it is common to get statistically significant results that have a very small __________.

Rejecting the null hypothesis when in fact it is true is a(n)__________.

The probability of NOT making a Type II error is

A cognitive psychologist tests whether memory for abstract ideas improves when the information is presented both verbally and visually.Which of the following scenarios represents a Type II error?

When the standard deviation of the original population is small,the experiment tends to

d = (μ1 - μ2)/ __________.

Interpreting the results of theoretical studies is more likely to emphasize significance level,while interpreting the results of applied studies is more likely to emphasize __________.

Cohen proposed effect-size conventions based on the effects observed in psychology research in general because

Effect size is one of the two major factors that contribute to power; the other factor is

A psychologist conducts a study and finds that d = 1.41.This effect size would most likely be described as

If beta equals 70%,then alpha

When conducting an experiment with 95% power,failing to reject the null hypothesis means that

A cognitive psychologist tests whether memory for abstract ideas improves when the information is presented both verbally and visually.Which of the following scenarios represents a Type I error?

The procedure for combining the results of several different studies is __________.

A researcher obtains a statistically significant result.However,if he used a large sample,then the result may not __________.

Rejecting the null hypothesis when the research hypothesis is false is

A psychologist conducts a study and finds that d = -.63.This effect size would most likely be described as

Displaying the Order in a Group of Numbers

Central Tendency and Variability

Some Key Ingredients for Inferential Statistics: Z Scores,the Normal Curve, Sample Versus Population, and Probability

Introduction to Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis Tests With Means of Samples

Introduction to T Tests: Single Sample and Dependent Means

The T Test for Independent Means

Introduction to the Analysis of Variance

Factorial Analysis of Variance

Correlation

Prediction

Chi-Square Tests

Strategies When Population Distributions Are Not Normal: Data Transformations and Rank-Order Tests

The General Linear Model and Making Sense of Advanced Statistical Procedures in Research Articles

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Exam 6: Making Sense of Statistical Significance:decision Errors, Effect Size, and Statistical Power

The effect size and the number of participants are two important determinants of

In studies using a very large number of participants,it is common to get statistically significant results that have a very small __________.

Rejecting the null hypothesis when in fact it is true is a(n)__________.

The probability of NOT making a Type II error is

A cognitive psychologist tests whether memory for abstract ideas improves when the information is presented both verbally and visually.Which of the following scenarios represents a Type II error?

When the standard deviation of the original population is small,the experiment tends to

d = (μ1 - μ2)/ __________.

Interpreting the results of theoretical studies is more likely to emphasize significance level,while interpreting the results of applied studies is more likely to emphasize __________.

Cohen proposed effect-size conventions based on the effects observed in psychology research in general because

Effect size is one of the two major factors that contribute to power; the other factor is

A psychologist conducts a study and finds that d = 1.41.This effect size would most likely be described as

If beta equals 70%,then alpha

When conducting an experiment with 95% power,failing to reject the null hypothesis means that

A cognitive psychologist tests whether memory for abstract ideas improves when the information is presented both verbally and visually.Which of the following scenarios represents a Type I error?

The procedure for combining the results of several different studies is __________.

A researcher obtains a statistically significant result.However,if he used a large sample,then the result may not __________.

Rejecting the null hypothesis when the research hypothesis is false is

A psychologist conducts a study and finds that d = -.63.This effect size would most likely be described as

Displaying the Order in a Group of Numbers

Central Tendency and Variability

Some Key Ingredients for Inferential Statistics: Z Scores,the Normal Curve, Sample Versus Population, and Probability

Introduction to Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis Tests With Means of Samples

Introduction to T Tests: Single Sample and Dependent Means

The T Test for Independent Means

Introduction to the Analysis of Variance

Factorial Analysis of Variance

Correlation

Prediction

Chi-Square Tests

Strategies When Population Distributions Are Not Normal: Data Transformations and Rank-Order Tests

The General Linear Model and Making Sense of Advanced Statistical Procedures in Research Articles

Filters