Question 1

Which group of organisms is not prokaryotic?

Accepted Answer

A) Fungi 
B) Archaea 
C) Purple bacteria 
D) Cyanobacteria 
E) Methanococcus 
A) Fungi 
B) Archaea 
C) Purple bacteria 
D) Cyanobacteria 
E) Methanococcus

Question 2

consider the structure of the coenzyme NADP  
-Which arrow points at an anhydride bond?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 3

For a reaction with $\Delta$H = 23 kJ/mol and $\Delta$S =22 J/K•mol, at 2°C, the reaction is:

Accepted Answer

A) spontaneous 
B) nonspontaneous 
C) at equilibrium 
D) impossible to determine reactivity 
E) none of the above 
A) spontaneous 
B) nonspontaneous 
C) at equilibrium 
D) impossible to determine reactivity 
E) none of the above

Question 4

Lynn Margulis' Theory of Endosymbiosis is an explanation for the origin of

Accepted Answer

A) the endoplasmic reticulum. 
B) the nucleus. 
C) the mitochondria. 
D) peroxisomes. 
E) the Golgi apparatus. 
A) the endoplasmic reticulum. 
B) the nucleus. 
C) the mitochondria. 
D) peroxisomes. 
E) the Golgi apparatus.

Question 5

Matching
-Spontaneous processes are characterized by a change in Gibbs free energy that is ______.

Accepted Answer

A) phylogenetic 
B) negative 
C) H₂O 
D) ΔH° 
E) H – TS
F)halobacteria
G)open
H)entropy
I)flux
J)polymers
K)ΔG°'
L)thermophiles
M)nitrogen
N)positive 
A) phylogenetic 
B) negative 
C) H₂O 
D) ΔH° 
E) H – TS
F)halobacteria
G)open
H)entropy
I)flux
J)polymers
K)ΔG°'
L)thermophiles
M)nitrogen
N)positive

Question 6

Consider the reaction A + B $\longleftrightarrow$ C + D.After reaching equilibrium at 25°C, the following concentrations of reactants and products were measured: [A] = 10 $\mu$M, [B] = 15 $\mu$M, [C] = 10 $\mu$M, [D] = 10 $\mu$M.Calculate $\Delta$G°$^\prime$ for this reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) 1000 J/mol 
B) 10 kJ/mol 
C) 1 J/mol 
D) insufficient data to determine answer 
E) none of the above 
A) 1000 J/mol 
B) 10 kJ/mol 
C) 1 J/mol 
D) insufficient data to determine answer 
E) none of the above

Question 7

Matching
-The term used to indicate the degree of randomness within a system is ______.

Accepted Answer

A) phylogenetic 
B) negative 
C) H₂O 
D) ΔH° 
E) H – TS
F)halobacteria
G)open
H)entropy
I)flux
J)polymers
K)ΔG°'
L)thermophiles
M)nitrogen
N)positive 
A) phylogenetic 
B) negative 
C) H₂O 
D) ΔH° 
E) H – TS
F)halobacteria
G)open
H)entropy
I)flux
J)polymers
K)ΔG°'
L)thermophiles
M)nitrogen
N)positive

Question 8

Which cellular compartment or organelle is involved in the synthesis of proteins and lipids?

Accepted Answer

A) endoplasmic reticulum 
B) lysosomes 
C) peroxisomes 
D) vacuoles 
E) all of the above 
A) endoplasmic reticulum 
B) lysosomes 
C) peroxisomes 
D) vacuoles 
E) all of the above

Question 9

Halophiles and thermophiles are

Accepted Answer

A) early versions of eukaryotic cells. 
B) highly evolved organisms that thrive in their specific environments. 
C) relatively inefficient and unevolved organisms. 
D) more complex than eukaryotes. 
E) extremely slow growing. 
A) early versions of eukaryotic cells. 
B) highly evolved organisms that thrive in their specific environments. 
C) relatively inefficient and unevolved organisms. 
D) more complex than eukaryotes. 
E) extremely slow growing.

Question 10

Matching
-The most abundant molecule in the human body is _____.

Accepted Answer

A) phylogenetic 
B) negative 
C) H₂O 
D) ΔH° 
E) H – TS
F)halobacteria
G)open
H)entropy
I)flux
J)polymers
K)ΔG°'
L)thermophiles
M)nitrogen
N)positive 
A) phylogenetic 
B) negative 
C) H₂O 
D) ΔH° 
E) H – TS
F)halobacteria
G)open
H)entropy
I)flux
J)polymers
K)ΔG°'
L)thermophiles
M)nitrogen
N)positive

Question 11

Which of the following statement(s)is (are)not true?

Accepted Answer

A) Margulis proposed the endosymbiotic theory to explain the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts. 
B) Woese proposed the "new" phylogenic tree that divides living organisms into the 3 domains of bacteria, archaea and eukarya based upon genetic relationships rather than obvious morphological similarities. 
C) Urey and Miller conducted an experiment that involved sparking a mixture of NH3, CH4, H2O and H2 gases to yield amino acids, some of the fundamental building blocks of life. 
D) All of the above are false. 
E) All of the above are true. 
A) Margulis proposed the endosymbiotic theory to explain the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts. 
B) Woese proposed the "new" phylogenic tree that divides living organisms into the 3 domains of bacteria, archaea and eukarya based upon genetic relationships rather than obvious morphological similarities. 
C) Urey and Miller conducted an experiment that involved sparking a mixture of NH3, CH4, H2O and H2 gases to yield amino acids, some of the fundamental building blocks of life. 
D) All of the above are false. 
E) All of the above are true.

Question 12

Which of the following is a similarity between all prokaryotes and all eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) Both contain DNA in a nucleus. 
B) Both contain some of the same membrane bound cell organelles (like mitochondria, Golgi complexes, etc). 
C) Both have a cytoskeleton. 
D) All of the above are similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 
E) None of the above is a similarity between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 
A) Both contain DNA in a nucleus. 
B) Both contain some of the same membrane bound cell organelles (like mitochondria, Golgi complexes, etc). 
C) Both have a cytoskeleton. 
D) All of the above are similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 
E) None of the above is a similarity between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Question 13

Matching
-Gibbs free energy is defined as G = ______.

Accepted Answer

A) phylogenetic 
B) negative 
C) H₂O 
D) ΔH° 
E) H – TS
F)halobacteria
G)open
H)entropy
I)flux
J)polymers
K)ΔG°'
L)thermophiles
M)nitrogen
N)positive 
A) phylogenetic 
B) negative 
C) H₂O 
D) ΔH° 
E) H – TS
F)halobacteria
G)open
H)entropy
I)flux
J)polymers
K)ΔG°'
L)thermophiles
M)nitrogen
N)positive

Question 14

The atmosphere of prebiotic earth probably contained the following molecules:

Accepted Answer

A) H2O, CO2, N2 , CH4, and NH3. 
B) H2O, CO2, CH4, C6H12O6, and NH3. 
C) H2O, CO2, CH4, C6H12O6, and COO-CH2NH+3. 
D) H2O, CO2, CH4, COOHCH2NH3, and NH3. 
E) none of the above 
A) H2O, CO2, N2 , CH4, and NH3. 
B) H2O, CO2, CH4, C6H12O6, and NH3. 
C) H2O, CO2, CH4, C6H12O6, and COO-CH2NH+3. 
D) H2O, CO2, CH4, COOHCH2NH3, and NH3. 
E) none of the above

Question 15

Matching
-Evolutionary relationships can be visualized using a ______ tree.

Accepted Answer

A) phylogenetic 
B) negative 
C) H₂O 
D) ΔH° 
E) H – TS
F)halobacteria
G)open
H)entropy
I)flux
J)polymers
K)ΔG°'
L)thermophiles
M)nitrogen
N)positive 
A) phylogenetic 
B) negative 
C) H₂O 
D) ΔH° 
E) H – TS
F)halobacteria
G)open
H)entropy
I)flux
J)polymers
K)ΔG°'
L)thermophiles
M)nitrogen
N)positive

Question 16

The reaction pyruvate + ATP $\rightleftarrows$PEP + ADP is catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate kinase.The $\Delta$G°ꞌ for this reaction is 31.4 kJ/mol.Use this information to answer the following questions.
a.Does this reaction move forward (from left to right)or backward under standard state conditions? Explain you answer in one sentence.
b.Calculate the Keq for this reaction at 25°C.
c.After the reaction has reached equilibrium at 25°C [ATP] = 5 mM, [ADP] = 0.5 mM, [pyruvate] = 0.2 mM.Calculate the concentration PEP.

Accepted Answer

a.The reaction goes backward (from right

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the theories of (bio)chemical evolution is not true?

Accepted Answer

A) During chemical evolution, simple organic molecules (monomers)condensed to form more complex molecules (polymers)which then began to replicate based upon complementarity. 
B) Margulis suggested that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from the symbiotic relationship between primordial prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 
C) The first cells were probably formed when self-replicating systems were enveloped in membranous vesicles. 
D) Oparin and Haldane demonstrated that by passing an electrical discharge through a vessel containing H2O, CO2, N2, CH4 and NH3 some basic biological building blocks (like simple amino acids)could have formed abiotically in the earth's early atmosphere. 
E) The RNA world hypothesis as proposed by Woese, Crick and Orgel states that RNA, instead of protein, was the first self replicating biochemical molecule that evolved because RNA could have stored genetic information and performed the catalytic roles necessary for primitive self-replication. 
A) During chemical evolution, simple organic molecules (monomers)condensed to form more complex molecules (polymers)which then began to replicate based upon complementarity. 
B) Margulis suggested that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from the symbiotic relationship between primordial prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 
C) The first cells were probably formed when self-replicating systems were enveloped in membranous vesicles. 
D) Oparin and Haldane demonstrated that by passing an electrical discharge through a vessel containing H2O, CO2, N2, CH4 and NH3 some basic biological building blocks (like simple amino acids)could have formed abiotically in the earth's early atmosphere. 
E) The RNA world hypothesis as proposed by Woese, Crick and Orgel states that RNA, instead of protein, was the first self replicating biochemical molecule that evolved because RNA could have stored genetic information and performed the catalytic roles necessary for primitive self-replication.

Question 18

Matching
-The organisms most likely to be found in a brine environment would be ______.

Accepted Answer

A) phylogenetic 
B) negative 
C) H₂O 
D) ΔH° 
E) H – TS
F)halobacteria
G)open
H)entropy
I)flux
J)polymers
K)ΔG°'
L)thermophiles
M)nitrogen
N)positive 
A) phylogenetic 
B) negative 
C) H₂O 
D) ΔH° 
E) H – TS
F)halobacteria
G)open
H)entropy
I)flux
J)polymers
K)ΔG°'
L)thermophiles
M)nitrogen
N)positive

Question 19

The theory of evolution includes which of the following principles?

Accepted Answer

A) Evolution is not directed toward a specific goal. 
B) Evolution is ongoing, and is constrained by its past. 
C) Evolution requires some sloppiness for adaptation to changes. 
D) A and B 
E) A, B, and C 
A) Evolution is not directed toward a specific goal. 
B) Evolution is ongoing, and is constrained by its past. 
C) Evolution requires some sloppiness for adaptation to changes. 
D) A and B 
E) A, B, and C

Question 20

Change in enthalpy ($\Delta$H)is best defined as

Accepted Answer

A) the sum of heat absorbed and work done. 
B) the heat transferred at constant pressure. 
C) the pressure change at constant temperature. 
D) the measure of disorder in a system. 
E) none of the above 
A) the sum of heat absorbed and work done. 
B) the heat transferred at constant pressure. 
C) the pressure change at constant temperature. 
D) the measure of disorder in a system. 
E) none of the above

Exam 1: Introduction to the Chemistry of Life

Which group of organisms is not prokaryotic?

consider the structure of the coenzyme NADP -Which arrow points at an anhydride bond?

For a reaction with Δ\DeltaΔ H = 23 kJ/mol and Δ\DeltaΔ S =22 J/K•mol, at 2°C, the reaction is:

Lynn Margulis' Theory of Endosymbiosis is an explanation for the origin of

Matching -Spontaneous processes are characterized by a change in Gibbs free energy that is ______.

Matching -The term used to indicate the degree of randomness within a system is ______.

Which cellular compartment or organelle is involved in the synthesis of proteins and lipids?

Halophiles and thermophiles are

Matching -The most abundant molecule in the human body is _____.

Which of the following statement(s)is (are)not true?

Which of the following is a similarity between all prokaryotes and all eukaryotes?

Matching -Gibbs free energy is defined as G = ______.

The atmosphere of prebiotic earth probably contained the following molecules:

Matching -Evolutionary relationships can be visualized using a ______ tree.

Which of the following statements about the theories of (bio)chemical evolution is not true?

Matching -The organisms most likely to be found in a brine environment would be ______.

The theory of evolution includes which of the following principles?

Change in enthalpy ( Δ\DeltaΔ H)is best defined as

Water

Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, and Genetic Information

Amino Acids

Proteins: Primary Structure

Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure

Protein Function Part I: Myoglobin and Hemoglobin

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Biological Membranes

Membrane Transport

Enzyme Catalysis

Enzyme Kinetics, Inhibition and Control

Biochemical Signaling

Introduction to Metabolism

Glycogen Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis

Glucose Catabolism

Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Mammalian Fuel Metabolism: Integration and Regulation

Nucleotide Metabolism

Nucleic Acid Structure

Dna Replication, Repair and Recombination

Transcription and Rna Processing

Translation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

For a reaction with $\Delta$ H = 23 kJ/mol and $\Delta$ S =22 J/K•mol, at 2°C, the reaction is:

Change in enthalpy ( $\Delta$ H)is best defined as