Question 1

During which of the following processes are RNA−DNA hybrids observed?

Accepted Answer

A) transcription, both eukaryotic and prokaryotic 
B) translation, both eukaryotic and prokaryotic 
C) replication, both eukaryotic and prokaryotic 
D) transcription, prokaryotic only 
E) replication, prokaryotic only 
A) transcription, both eukaryotic and prokaryotic 
B) translation, both eukaryotic and prokaryotic 
C) replication, both eukaryotic and prokaryotic 
D) transcription, prokaryotic only 
E) replication, prokaryotic only

Question 2

The sugar pucker is___ in the ___form.

Accepted Answer

A) C2'-endo; A-DNA 
B) C3'-endo; B-DNA 
C) C2'-endo for pyrimidines and C3'-endo for purines: Z-DNA 
D) C2'-endo for purines and C3'-endo for pyrimidines: B-DNA 
E) C2'-endo for purines and C3'-endo for pyrimidines: A-DNA 
A) C2'-endo; A-DNA 
B) C3'-endo; B-DNA 
C) C2'-endo for pyrimidines and C3'-endo for purines: Z-DNA 
D) C2'-endo for purines and C3'-endo for pyrimidines: B-DNA 
E) C2'-endo for purines and C3'-endo for pyrimidines: A-DNA

Question 3

Matching 
Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used.
-The denaturation of DNA is a ______ cooperative process.

Accepted Answer

A) type I 
B) ribocatalyzers 
C) C2'-endo 
D) repressors 
E) ethidium
F)type II
G)C3'-endo
H)hybridized
I)interchanged
J)supercoiled
K)cooperative
L)non-cooperative
M)underwound
N)ribozymes
O)deuterium
P)zinc finger
Q)leucine zipper 
A) type I 
B) ribocatalyzers 
C) C2'-endo 
D) repressors 
E) ethidium
F)type II
G)C3'-endo
H)hybridized
I)interchanged
J)supercoiled
K)cooperative
L)non-cooperative
M)underwound
N)ribozymes
O)deuterium
P)zinc finger
Q)leucine zipper

Question 4

Which of the following is FALSE regarding DNA binding to proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) Most eukaryotic transcription factors contain a conserved DNA-binding basic region. 
B) The basic regions typically bind in the major groove of its target DNA. 
C) Eukaryotic transcription factors either contain an HTH motif or resemble the met repressor. 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above 
A) Most eukaryotic transcription factors contain a conserved DNA-binding basic region. 
B) The basic regions typically bind in the major groove of its target DNA. 
C) Eukaryotic transcription factors either contain an HTH motif or resemble the met repressor. 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above

Question 5

Which atoms, or groups attached to them, face into the major groove of B- DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) purine 1 & 2; pyrimidine 2 & 3 
B) purine 2 & 3; pyrimidine 2 
C) purine 8 & 9; pyrimidine 1 & 6 
D) purine 6 & 7; pyrimidine 4 & 5 
E) purine 6 & 7; pyrimidine 2 
A) purine 1 & 2; pyrimidine 2 & 3 
B) purine 2 & 3; pyrimidine 2 
C) purine 8 & 9; pyrimidine 1 & 6 
D) purine 6 & 7; pyrimidine 4 & 5 
E) purine 6 & 7; pyrimidine 2

Question 6

Which of the following is FALSE about RNA?

Accepted Answer

A) It may be double stranded in viral genomes. 
B) It may form double stranded stems by binding its complementary bases within the same strand. 
C) It always forms a single strand that resembles the structure of B-DNA. 
D) It is only synthesized as a single strand. 
E) It may be involved in the control of gene expression. 
A) It may be double stranded in viral genomes. 
B) It may form double stranded stems by binding its complementary bases within the same strand. 
C) It always forms a single strand that resembles the structure of B-DNA. 
D) It is only synthesized as a single strand. 
E) It may be involved in the control of gene expression.

Question 7

Histone H1 binds to ____ which allows attachment to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) the nucleosome core particle; nucleases 
B) linker DNA; the next nucleosome 
C) the nucleosome core particle; the next nucleosome 
D) linker DNA; nucleases 
E) none of the above 
A) the nucleosome core particle; nucleases 
B) linker DNA; the next nucleosome 
C) the nucleosome core particle; the next nucleosome 
D) linker DNA; nucleases 
E) none of the above

Question 8

The sequence-specific binding of BamHI to DNA depends primarily on

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen bonding and allows binding to less specific sequences as well. 
B) hydrogen bonding and precludes binding to any other sequence. 
C) stacking interactions and could be mimicked using an intercalation molecule. 
D) hydrogen bonding and could be mimicked using an intercalation molecule. 
E) none of the above 
A) hydrogen bonding and allows binding to less specific sequences as well. 
B) hydrogen bonding and precludes binding to any other sequence. 
C) stacking interactions and could be mimicked using an intercalation molecule. 
D) hydrogen bonding and could be mimicked using an intercalation molecule. 
E) none of the above

Question 9

Indirect readout refers to
I.a protein's ability to form hydrogen bonds through a network of water molecules.
II.the 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 to 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 sequence on the opposite strand of a DNA helix.
III.a protein's ability to recognize a specific DNA sequence by its backbone conformation and flexibility.
IV.the protein's ability to make hydrogen bonds with nonesterified phosphate oxygens

Accepted Answer

A) I, III, IV 
B) II, IV 
C) III, IV 
D) I, III 
E) I, IV 
A) I, III, IV 
B) II, IV 
C) III, IV 
D) I, III 
E) I, IV

Question 10

Which of the following can be determined from a Northern blot?

Accepted Answer

A) the size of a gene transcript 
B) the abundance of a gene transcript 
C) the tissue specificity of gene transcript 
D) the stage-specificity of a gene transcript 
E) all of the above 
A) the size of a gene transcript 
B) the abundance of a gene transcript 
C) the tissue specificity of gene transcript 
D) the stage-specificity of a gene transcript 
E) all of the above

Question 11

Which of the following statements about zinc fingers is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Zinc fingers contain Cys and His residues. 
B) Zinc is tetrahedrally coordinated as part of a small compact protein domain. 
C) More than one finger can be found in a protein; as many as 60 have been observed. 
D) Zinc fingers are the predominant DNA-binding motif of restriction enzymes. 
E) A zinc finger recognizes specific sequences of DNA via its N-terminal helices. 
A) Zinc fingers contain Cys and His residues. 
B) Zinc is tetrahedrally coordinated as part of a small compact protein domain. 
C) More than one finger can be found in a protein; as many as 60 have been observed. 
D) Zinc fingers are the predominant DNA-binding motif of restriction enzymes. 
E) A zinc finger recognizes specific sequences of DNA via its N-terminal helices.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a requirement of genetic material?

Accepted Answer

A) The lifetime of the material must be such that it can undergo repeated decoding. 
B) The material must be accessible for replication, transcription, and translation. 
C) The material must be capable of duplication. 
D) The material must perform a read only function to minimize damaging changes in structure. 
E) none of the above 
A) The lifetime of the material must be such that it can undergo repeated decoding. 
B) The material must be accessible for replication, transcription, and translation. 
C) The material must be capable of duplication. 
D) The material must perform a read only function to minimize damaging changes in structure. 
E) none of the above

Question 13

Hammerhead ribozyme

Accepted Answer

A) contains a catalytic core with a Fe2+ at its center. 
B) utilizes hydrogen bonding to position itself favorably for nucleophilic attack. 
C) enhances the rate of cleavage of itself by a factor of five. 
D) A and C 
E) B and C 
A) contains a catalytic core with a Fe2+ at its center. 
B) utilizes hydrogen bonding to position itself favorably for nucleophilic attack. 
C) enhances the rate of cleavage of itself by a factor of five. 
D) A and C 
E) B and C

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the structure and conformation of DNA is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA binding proteins distort DNA structure 
B) Changes in ionic strength can alter DNA structure 
C) Specific sequences can cause deviations in conformation. 
D) Changes in DNA conformation result from energy minimizations and do not relate to in vivo conditions. 
E) All of the above are true. 
A) DNA binding proteins distort DNA structure 
B) Changes in ionic strength can alter DNA structure 
C) Specific sequences can cause deviations in conformation. 
D) Changes in DNA conformation result from energy minimizations and do not relate to in vivo conditions. 
E) All of the above are true.

Question 15

A circular 25000 base pair DNA molecule with no supercoils will have _____ helical twists if it is B-DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) about 2.5 
B) about 25 
C) about 250 
D) about 2500 
E) about 25000. 
A) about 2.5 
B) about 25 
C) about 250 
D) about 2500 
E) about 25000.

Question 16

Matching 
Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used.
-_________ topoisomerases that make double-strand breaks in DNA in a controlled fashion.

Accepted Answer

A) type I 
B) ribocatalyzers 
C) C2'-endo 
D) repressors 
E) ethidium
F)type II
G)C3'-endo
H)hybridized
I)interchanged
J)supercoiled
K)cooperative
L)non-cooperative
M)underwound
N)ribozymes
O)deuterium
P)zinc finger
Q)leucine zipper 
A) type I 
B) ribocatalyzers 
C) C2'-endo 
D) repressors 
E) ethidium
F)type II
G)C3'-endo
H)hybridized
I)interchanged
J)supercoiled
K)cooperative
L)non-cooperative
M)underwound
N)ribozymes
O)deuterium
P)zinc finger
Q)leucine zipper

Question 17

Matching 
Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used.
-Heptad repeats are found in the ______ region of DNA binding proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) type I 
B) ribocatalyzers 
C) C2'-endo 
D) repressors 
E) ethidium
F)type II
G)C3'-endo
H)hybridized
I)interchanged
J)supercoiled
K)cooperative
L)non-cooperative
M)underwound
N)ribozymes
O)deuterium
P)zinc finger
Q)leucine zipper 
A) type I 
B) ribocatalyzers 
C) C2'-endo 
D) repressors 
E) ethidium
F)type II
G)C3'-endo
H)hybridized
I)interchanged
J)supercoiled
K)cooperative
L)non-cooperative
M)underwound
N)ribozymes
O)deuterium
P)zinc finger
Q)leucine zipper

Question 18

Matching 
Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used.
-Naturally occurring circular DNA is typically _______.

Accepted Answer

A) type I 
B) ribocatalyzers 
C) C2'-endo 
D) repressors 
E) ethidium
F)type II
G)C3'-endo
H)hybridized
I)interchanged
J)supercoiled
K)cooperative
L)non-cooperative
M)underwound
N)ribozymes
O)deuterium
P)zinc finger
Q)leucine zipper 
A) type I 
B) ribocatalyzers 
C) C2'-endo 
D) repressors 
E) ethidium
F)type II
G)C3'-endo
H)hybridized
I)interchanged
J)supercoiled
K)cooperative
L)non-cooperative
M)underwound
N)ribozymes
O)deuterium
P)zinc finger
Q)leucine zipper

Question 19

The DNA helix is stabilized by
I.hydrogen bonds between phosphate groups.
II.stacking interactions.
III.an entropically favored interaction between hydrophobic groups.
IV.favorable electrostatic interactions.

Accepted Answer

A) I, II, III, IV 
B) I, II, IV 
C) II, IV 
D) III, IV 
E) II, III 
A) I, II, III, IV 
B) I, II, IV 
C) II, IV 
D) III, IV 
E) II, III

Question 20

In A-DNA

Accepted Answer

A) the glycosidic bond is in the syn conformation with a C3'-endo sugar pucker. 
B) the glycosidic bond is in the syn conformation with a C2'-endo sugar pucker. 
C) the glycosidic bond is in the anti conformation with a C3'-endo sugar pucker. 
D) the glycosidic bond is in the anti conformation with a C2'-endo sugar pucker. 
E) the glycosidic bond conformation and sugar pucker is dependent on the base. 
A) the glycosidic bond is in the syn conformation with a C3'-endo sugar pucker. 
B) the glycosidic bond is in the syn conformation with a C2'-endo sugar pucker. 
C) the glycosidic bond is in the anti conformation with a C3'-endo sugar pucker. 
D) the glycosidic bond is in the anti conformation with a C2'-endo sugar pucker. 
E) the glycosidic bond conformation and sugar pucker is dependent on the base.

Exam 24: Nucleic Acid Structure

During which of the following processes are RNA−DNA hybrids observed?

The sugar pucker is___ in the ___form.

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -The denaturation of DNA is a ______ cooperative process.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding DNA binding to proteins?

Which atoms, or groups attached to them, face into the major groove of B- DNA?

Which of the following is FALSE about RNA?

Histone H1 binds to ____ which allows attachment to _____.

The sequence-specific binding of BamHI to DNA depends primarily on

Which of the following can be determined from a Northern blot?

Which of the following statements about zinc fingers is FALSE?

Which of the following is NOT a requirement of genetic material?

Hammerhead ribozyme

Which of the following statements about the structure and conformation of DNA is FALSE?

A circular 25000 base pair DNA molecule with no supercoils will have _____ helical twists if it is B-DNA.

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -_________ topoisomerases that make double-strand breaks in DNA in a controlled fashion.

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -Heptad repeats are found in the ______ region of DNA binding proteins.

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -Naturally occurring circular DNA is typically _______.

The DNA helix is stabilized by I.hydrogen bonds between phosphate groups. II.stacking interactions. III.an entropically favored interaction between hydrophobic groups. IV.favorable electrostatic interactions.

In A-DNA

Introduction to the Chemistry of Life

Water

Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, and Genetic Information

Amino Acids

Proteins: Primary Structure

Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure

Protein Function Part I: Myoglobin and Hemoglobin

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Biological Membranes

Membrane Transport

Enzyme Catalysis

Enzyme Kinetics, Inhibition and Control

Biochemical Signaling

Introduction to Metabolism

Glycogen Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis

Glucose Catabolism

Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Mammalian Fuel Metabolism: Integration and Regulation

Nucleotide Metabolism

Dna Replication, Repair and Recombination

Transcription and Rna Processing

Translation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

The sugar pucker is_ in the _form.

Histone H1 binds to which allows attachment to _.