Exam 9: Thermodynamics: The Second and Third Laws

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Consider the following processes (treat all gases as ideal). 1.The pressure of 1 mole of oxygen gas is allowed to double isothermally. 2.Carbon dioxide is allowed to expand isothermally to 10 times its original volume. 3.The temperature of 1 mol of helium is increased 25°C at constant pressure. 4.Nitrogen gas is compressed isothermally to half its original volume. 5.A glass of water loses 100 J of energy reversibly at 30°C. Which of these processes lead(s) to an increase in entropy?

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Consider the reaction 2SO3(g) \rightarrow 2SO2(g)+ O2(g) Which statement is true for this reaction?

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Consider the compounds PCl5(g),HCN(g),CuO(s),NO(g),NH3(g),and SO2(g). Which compound will become more stable with respect to its elements if the temperature is raised?

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Predict the sign (+,-,0)of the entropy change when a glass of water reversibly loses 200 J of energy at 25°C.

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The cooling of a hot metal is accompanied by an increase in entropy.

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An example of a spontaneous process having Δ\Delta H ~ 0 is

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Use tabulated thermodynamic data to estimate the temperature at which the vapor pressure of benzene is 1.33 kPa.Hint: Assume that the enthalpy and entropy of the reaction are independent of temperature.

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Calculate the change in molar entropy when 2.00 mol of ozone are compressed isothermally to one quarter of its original volume.Treat ozone as an ideal gas.

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All the halogens exist as diatomic molecules at room temperature and 1 bar.Under these conditions,which of the halogens,F to I,has the smallest molar entropy?

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The reaction CH3CH2CH2CH3(g) \rightarrow CH3CH(CH3)2(g),is exothermic.This reaction will be spontaneous at high temperatures.

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What is the change in entropy when the pressure of an ideal gas is increased at constant temperature? Choose from +,0,-.

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For the reaction 2NH3(g)→ 3H2(g)+ N2(g),KP = 1.47 *10-6 at 298 K.Estimate the temperature at which KP = 0.0100.

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The molar heat capacity of Cu(s)at 1 atm pressure has been measured over a range of temperatures from close to 0 K to 400 K.Describe how you would obtain the standard molar entropy of Cu(s)at 298 K.

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Which of the following is true for a spontaneous reaction at constant temperature?

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The dehydrogenation of cyclohexane,C6H12(l),to form benzene,C6H6(l),is not spontaneous.However,the hydrogenation of ethene to form ethane is spontaneous.Calculate the reaction free energy for the coupled reaction C6H12(l)+ 3CH2=CH2(g) \rightarrow C6H6(l)+ CH3CH3(g)

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