Question 1

The theory of evolution is relevant to the study of learning and memory because:

Accepted Answer

A) learned information is passed on to offspring. 
B) the type of information people learn varies across individuals. 
C) people are born as "blank slates." 
D) learning is useful in allowing organisms to adapt to the environment. 
A) learned information is passed on to offspring. 
B) the type of information people learn varies across individuals. 
C) people are born as "blank slates." 
D) learning is useful in allowing organisms to adapt to the environment.

Question 2

Draw a graph that shows two learning curves: one demonstrating gradual,incremental learning,and the other demonstrating learning by insight.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Y-axis label refers to

Question 3

According to ________,attending a soccer game might activate a memory of having attended a hockey game the previous day because there would be an association between some of the components the two events have in common.

Accepted Answer

A) William James 
B) Charles Darwin 
C) René Descartes 
D) Francis Galton. 
A) William James 
B) Charles Darwin 
C) René Descartes 
D) Francis Galton.

Question 4

The law of effect predicts which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) If we play a tone and then give a dog food,the dog will eventually salivate in response to the tone. 
B) If a child is bitten by a large black dog,she will start to fear all dogs,not just large black dogs. 
C) If a teenager is grounded for staying out past his curfew,he will come home on time in the future. 
D) If you can remember a list of words for a few hours after studying it,you will be less likely to forget the list later on. 
A) If we play a tone and then give a dog food,the dog will eventually salivate in response to the tone. 
B) If a child is bitten by a large black dog,she will start to fear all dogs,not just large black dogs. 
C) If a teenager is grounded for staying out past his curfew,he will come home on time in the future. 
D) If you can remember a list of words for a few hours after studying it,you will be less likely to forget the list later on.

Question 5

In Watson's studies,which of the following was found to impair rats' ability to navigate through mazes they had previously learned?

Accepted Answer

A) blinding the rats 
B) removing the rats' whiskers 
C) eliminating all odors in the maze 
D) rotating the maze 
A) blinding the rats 
B) removing the rats' whiskers 
C) eliminating all odors in the maze 
D) rotating the maze

Question 6

George Miller demonstrated that short-term memory capacity for digits was:

Accepted Answer

A) between 10 and 20 digits. 
B) virtually unlimited. 
C) about 3 digits. 
D) between 7 and 9 digits. 
A) between 10 and 20 digits. 
B) virtually unlimited. 
C) about 3 digits. 
D) between 7 and 9 digits.

Question 7

One problem with Ebbinghaus's studies was:

Accepted Answer

A) he did not manipulate any variables. 
B) he used a double-blind design. 
C) he used a blind design. 
D) there was a possibility of subject bias. 
A) he did not manipulate any variables. 
B) he used a double-blind design. 
C) he used a blind design. 
D) there was a possibility of subject bias.

Question 8

Who believed that rats were forming a "cognitive map" when they learned to navigate through a maze?

Accepted Answer

A) Clark Hull 
B) Ivan Pavlov. 
C) John B.Watson 
D) Edward Tolman 
A) Clark Hull 
B) Ivan Pavlov. 
C) John B.Watson 
D) Edward Tolman

Question 9

Mary wants to encourage her son to work harder in school.She has decided to reward him with money for good grades,and punish him by adding extra chores for bad grades.Mary's approach is most similar to the ideas of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Edward Thorndike 
B) Ivan Pavlov 
C) Herbert Simon 
D) David Rumelhart 
A) Edward Thorndike 
B) Ivan Pavlov 
C) Herbert Simon 
D) David Rumelhart

Question 10

As you read a textbook,you do not consciously try to keep track of where all of the information is located.Yet,when you need to look something up,you often have a good sense of where you saw it in the textbook.What is latent learning,and how is it demonstrated by this example?

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Define latent learning

Question 11

Behaviorism focuses on the study of:

Accepted Answer

A) brain processes. 
B) internal thoughts. 
C) intentions. 
D) observable behaviors. 
A) brain processes. 
B) internal thoughts. 
C) intentions. 
D) observable behaviors.

Question 12

"Behavior reeks of purpose" was the maxim of:

Accepted Answer

A) 
B) F.Skinner. 
B) Edward Thorndike. 
C) Edward Tolman. 
D) John B.Watson. 
A) 
B) F.Skinner. 
B) Edward Thorndike. 
C) Edward Tolman. 
D) John B.Watson.

Question 13

What was Gordon Bower's concern regarding reporting average learning curves for a large group of people?

Accepted Answer

A) The average may demonstrate incremental learning even if all individuals demonstrate learning by insight. 
B) The results may not be generalizable to other groups of people. 
C) The average fails to distinguish between slow and quick learners. 
D) The results from lab experiments may not apply to the real world. 
A) The average may demonstrate incremental learning even if all individuals demonstrate learning by insight. 
B) The results may not be generalizable to other groups of people. 
C) The average fails to distinguish between slow and quick learners. 
D) The results from lab experiments may not apply to the real world.

Question 14

Describe the retention curve measured by Hermann Ebbinghaus.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: The curve shows the pe

Question 15

Pavlov paired a bell with food until a dog learned to salivate in response to the bell.To produce extinction,Pavlov:

Accepted Answer

A) rang the bell more quietly. 
B) paired the bell with a different kind of food. 
C) stopped ringing the bell. 
D) paired the bell with the absence of food. 
A) rang the bell more quietly. 
B) paired the bell with a different kind of food. 
C) stopped ringing the bell. 
D) paired the bell with the absence of food.

Question 16

Gordon Bower believed that:

Accepted Answer

A) learning is a gradual,incremental process. 
B) it is important to look at the average of learning scores. 
C) learning can be explained by a mathematical model. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
A) learning is a gradual,incremental process. 
B) it is important to look at the average of learning scores. 
C) learning can be explained by a mathematical model. 
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a stimulus in René Descartes's reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

A) a person being tapped on the shoulder 
B) spirits flowing from the shoulder to the brain 
C) spirits being reflected back from the brain to the muscles 
D) a person turning around to see who has tapped him on the shoulder 
A) a person being tapped on the shoulder 
B) spirits flowing from the shoulder to the brain 
C) spirits being reflected back from the brain to the muscles 
D) a person turning around to see who has tapped him on the shoulder

Question 18

Which of the following was a proponent of associationism?

Accepted Answer

A) Gottfried Leibniz 
B) René Descartes 
C) William James 
D) Plato 
A) Gottfried Leibniz 
B) René Descartes 
C) William James 
D) Plato

Question 19

The idea that rats have a cognitive map of a maze is supported by the finding that rats:

Accepted Answer

A) only learn to navigate the maze if a food reward is given at the end. 
B) cannot navigate the maze if their usual route is blocked. 
C) can navigate the maze even if they start from a novel position. 
D) require only one trial to learn the layout of a maze. 
A) only learn to navigate the maze if a food reward is given at the end. 
B) cannot navigate the maze if their usual route is blocked. 
C) can navigate the maze even if they start from a novel position. 
D) require only one trial to learn the layout of a maze.

Question 20

Marty's dog always sits when Marty opens th e cupboard to get the dog a biscuit.How would a behaviorist describe the dog's behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) The dog thinks that if he sits,he will get a biscuit. 
B) The dog is hungry,so his instincts tell him to sit. 
C) The dog expects to get a biscuit when Marty opens the cupboard. 
D) The dog sits when Marty opens the cupboard. 
A) The dog thinks that if he sits,he will get a biscuit. 
B) The dog is hungry,so his instincts tell him to sit. 
C) The dog expects to get a biscuit when Marty opens the cupboard. 
D) The dog sits when Marty opens the cupboard.

The theory of evolution is relevant to the study of learning and memory because:

Draw a graph that shows two learning curves: one demonstrating gradual,incremental learning,and the other demonstrating learning by insight.

According to ________,attending a soccer game might activate a memory of having attended a hockey game the previous day because there would be an association between some of the components the two events have in common.

The law of effect predicts which of the following?

In Watson's studies,which of the following was found to impair rats' ability to navigate through mazes they had previously learned?

George Miller demonstrated that short-term memory capacity for digits was:

One problem with Ebbinghaus's studies was:

Who believed that rats were forming a "cognitive map" when they learned to navigate through a maze?

Mary wants to encourage her son to work harder in school.She has decided to reward him with money for good grades,and punish him by adding extra chores for bad grades.Mary's approach is most similar to the ideas of which of the following?

As you read a textbook,you do not consciously try to keep track of where all of the information is located.Yet,when you need to look something up,you often have a good sense of where you saw it in the textbook.What is latent learning,and how is it demonstrated by this example?

Behaviorism focuses on the study of:

"Behavior reeks of purpose" was the maxim of:

What was Gordon Bower's concern regarding reporting average learning curves for a large group of people?

Describe the retention curve measured by Hermann Ebbinghaus.

Pavlov paired a bell with food until a dog learned to salivate in response to the bell.To produce extinction,Pavlov:

Gordon Bower believed that:

Which of the following is an example of a stimulus in René Descartes's reflex arc?

Which of the following was a proponent of associationism?

The idea that rats have a cognitive map of a maze is supported by the finding that rats:

Marty's dog always sits when Marty opens th e cupboard to get the dog a biscuit.How would a behaviorist describe the dog's behavior?

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Important Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization and Discrimination Learning

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Facts and Events

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

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Exam 1: The Psychology of Learning and Memory

The theory of evolution is relevant to the study of learning and memory because:

Draw a graph that shows two learning curves: one demonstrating gradual,incremental learning,and the other demonstrating learning by insight.

According to ________,attending a soccer game might activate a memory of having attended a hockey game the previous day because there would be an association between some of the components the two events have in common.

The law of effect predicts which of the following?

In Watson's studies,which of the following was found to impair rats' ability to navigate through mazes they had previously learned?

George Miller demonstrated that short-term memory capacity for digits was:

One problem with Ebbinghaus's studies was:

Who believed that rats were forming a "cognitive map" when they learned to navigate through a maze?

Mary wants to encourage her son to work harder in school.She has decided to reward him with money for good grades,and punish him by adding extra chores for bad grades.Mary's approach is most similar to the ideas of which of the following?

As you read a textbook,you do not consciously try to keep track of where all of the information is located.Yet,when you need to look something up,you often have a good sense of where you saw it in the textbook.What is latent learning,and how is it demonstrated by this example?

Behaviorism focuses on the study of:

"Behavior reeks of purpose" was the maxim of:

What was Gordon Bower's concern regarding reporting average learning curves for a large group of people?

Describe the retention curve measured by Hermann Ebbinghaus.

Pavlov paired a bell with food until a dog learned to salivate in response to the bell.To produce extinction,Pavlov:

Gordon Bower believed that:

Which of the following is an example of a stimulus in René Descartes's reflex arc?

Which of the following was a proponent of associationism?

The idea that rats have a cognitive map of a maze is supported by the finding that rats:

Marty's dog always sits when Marty opens th e cupboard to get the dog a biscuit.How would a behaviorist describe the dog's behavior?

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Important Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization and Discrimination Learning

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Facts and Events

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters