Question 1

Which of the following is true regarding configural nodes?

Accepted Answer

A) They are part of the input layer of a discrete-component representation. 
B) They are part of the input layer of a distributed representation. 
C) They respond only when a combination of input nodes are active. 
D) Their connection to the output node has a positive weight. 
A) They are part of the input layer of a discrete-component representation. 
B) They are part of the input layer of a distributed representation. 
C) They respond only when a combination of input nodes are active. 
D) Their connection to the output node has a positive weight.

Question 2

Suppose we reinforce a rat for responding to an 800-Hz tone,and we then observe that its response to a novel 750-Hz tone is about 50% of its response to the 800-Hz tone.The lower response to the 750-Hz tone occurs because the rat:

Accepted Answer

A) cannot tell the difference between the two tones,so it responds by guessing. 
B) expects a 50% probability that its response will lead to a reward. 
C) can hear the 750-Hz tone about half as well as the 800-Hz tone. 
D) has learned to discriminate between the tones;therefore,it makes different responses to them. 
A) cannot tell the difference between the two tones,so it responds by guessing. 
B) expects a 50% probability that its response will lead to a reward. 
C) can hear the 750-Hz tone about half as well as the 800-Hz tone. 
D) has learned to discriminate between the tones;therefore,it makes different responses to them.

Question 3

Howard can tell from the way his baby cries whether she is hungry,needs changing,is sick,or is tired.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) generalization. 
B) discrimination. 
C) sensory preconditioning. 
D) negative patterning. 
A) generalization. 
B) discrimination. 
C) sensory preconditioning. 
D) negative patterning.

Question 4

Preston enjoys listening to piano music,and he enjoys listening to violin music,but he dislikes hearing both instruments played together in a duet.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) discrimination training. 
B) negative patterning. 
C) sensory preconditioning. 
D) acquired equivalence. 
A) discrimination training. 
B) negative patterning. 
C) sensory preconditioning. 
D) acquired equivalence.

Question 5

In people with schizophrenia,antipsychotic medications appear to:

Accepted Answer

A) remove the enhanced acquired-equivalence effects that are normally present. 
B) increase even more the enhanced acquired-equivalence effects that are normally present. 
C) remove some of the acquired-equivalence deficits. 
D) increase some of the acquired-equivalence deficits. 
A) remove the enhanced acquired-equivalence effects that are normally present. 
B) increase even more the enhanced acquired-equivalence effects that are normally present. 
C) remove some of the acquired-equivalence deficits. 
D) increase some of the acquired-equivalence deficits.

Question 6

If we tell a schizophrenic patient that both Julie and Stephanie like apples more than oranges,and Julie also likes carrots more than peppers,what would the patient have the MOST trouble with?

Accepted Answer

A) remembering that Julie prefers apples. 
B) remembering that Julie prefers carrots. 
C) inferring that Stephanie prefers carrots. 
D) inferring that Stephanie prefers peppers. 
A) remembering that Julie prefers apples. 
B) remembering that Julie prefers carrots. 
C) inferring that Stephanie prefers carrots. 
D) inferring that Stephanie prefers peppers.

Question 7

In the peak shift effect,the maximum response during generalization is:

Accepted Answer

A) to the nonreinforced stimulus. 
B) to the reinforced stimulus. 
C) shifted toward the nonreinforced stimulus. 
D) shifted away from the nonreinforced stimulus. 
A) to the nonreinforced stimulus. 
B) to the reinforced stimulus. 
C) shifted toward the nonreinforced stimulus. 
D) shifted away from the nonreinforced stimulus.

Question 8

The hippocampal region seems to be important for:

Accepted Answer

A) learning a stimulus-response association. 
B) determining what information is allowed to enter memory. 
C) maintaining a topographic map of sensory stimuli. 
D) encouraging cortical remapping to enhance the response to a stimulus. 
A) learning a stimulus-response association. 
B) determining what information is allowed to enter memory. 
C) maintaining a topographic map of sensory stimuli. 
D) encouraging cortical remapping to enhance the response to a stimulus.

Question 9

When Gluck and Bower tested their participants' ability to generalize what they had learned from categorizing symptoms and diseases,they found that participants:

Accepted Answer

A) had trouble taking into account the relative rates of the diseases. 
B) were quite good in their ability to generalize. 
C) followed the predictions of the Rescorla-Wagner model. 
D) followed the predictions of Bayesian statistics. 
A) had trouble taking into account the relative rates of the diseases. 
B) were quite good in their ability to generalize. 
C) followed the predictions of the Rescorla-Wagner model. 
D) followed the predictions of Bayesian statistics.

Question 10

Describe the specific ways that generalization is affected in people with schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Discuss acqu

Question 11

Negative patterning is difficult to learn because it requires the organism to suppress its tendency to:

Accepted Answer

A) make a motor response. 
B) discriminate. 
C) categorize. 
D) generalize. 
A) make a motor response. 
B) discriminate. 
C) categorize. 
D) generalize.

Question 12

What is combinatorial explosion? Why is it a problem in categorization learning?

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Describe the

Question 13

Suppose Pigeon A is reinforced for pecking a key when a yellow light is on.Suppose too that pigeon B is reinforced for pecking in response to a yellow light,but is also trained to not respond when an orange light is on.If we test both pigeons with a yellow-orange light,we will find that:

Accepted Answer

A) both pigeons will give the same response to the yellow-orange light. 
B) neither pigeon will respond to the yellow-orange light. 
C) pigeon A will give a stronger response to the yellow-orange light than pigeon B. 
D) pigeon B will give a stronger response to the yellow-orange light than pigeon A. 
A) both pigeons will give the same response to the yellow-orange light. 
B) neither pigeon will respond to the yellow-orange light. 
C) pigeon A will give a stronger response to the yellow-orange light than pigeon B. 
D) pigeon B will give a stronger response to the yellow-orange light than pigeon A.

Question 14

Blough's study using two different fixed-ratio schedules to reward pigeons for pecking at lights below or above 597nm demonstrated the operation of _________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

A) sensory preconditioning;discrete-component networks 
B) the error-correction mechanism of the Rescorla-Wagner model;discrete-component networks 
C) the shared-elements mechanism;the error-correction mechanism of the Rescorla-Wagner model 
D) the shared-elements mechanism;sensory preconditioning 
A) sensory preconditioning;discrete-component networks 
B) the error-correction mechanism of the Rescorla-Wagner model;discrete-component networks 
C) the shared-elements mechanism;the error-correction mechanism of the Rescorla-Wagner model 
D) the shared-elements mechanism;sensory preconditioning

Which of the following is true regarding configural nodes?

Suppose we reinforce a rat for responding to an 800-Hz tone,and we then observe that its response to a novel 750-Hz tone is about 50% of its response to the 800-Hz tone.The lower response to the 750-Hz tone occurs because the rat:

Howard can tell from the way his baby cries whether she is hungry,needs changing,is sick,or is tired.This is an example of:

Preston enjoys listening to piano music,and he enjoys listening to violin music,but he dislikes hearing both instruments played together in a duet.This is an example of:

In people with schizophrenia,antipsychotic medications appear to:

If we tell a schizophrenic patient that both Julie and Stephanie like apples more than oranges,and Julie also likes carrots more than peppers,what would the patient have the MOST trouble with?

In the peak shift effect,the maximum response during generalization is:

The hippocampal region seems to be important for:

When Gluck and Bower tested their participants' ability to generalize what they had learned from categorizing symptoms and diseases,they found that participants:

Describe the specific ways that generalization is affected in people with schizophrenia.

Negative patterning is difficult to learn because it requires the organism to suppress its tendency to:

What is combinatorial explosion? Why is it a problem in categorization learning?

Suppose Pigeon A is reinforced for pecking a key when a yellow light is on.Suppose too that pigeon B is reinforced for pecking in response to a yellow light,but is also trained to not respond when an orange light is on.If we test both pigeons with a yellow-orange light,we will find that:

Blough's study using two different fixed-ratio schedules to reward pigeons for pecking at lights below or above 597nm demonstrated the operation of _ and __.

The Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Important Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Facts and Events

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 6: Generalization and Discrimination Learning

Which of the following is true regarding configural nodes?

Suppose we reinforce a rat for responding to an 800-Hz tone,and we then observe that its response to a novel 750-Hz tone is about 50% of its response to the 800-Hz tone.The lower response to the 750-Hz tone occurs because the rat:

Howard can tell from the way his baby cries whether she is hungry,needs changing,is sick,or is tired.This is an example of:

Preston enjoys listening to piano music,and he enjoys listening to violin music,but he dislikes hearing both instruments played together in a duet.This is an example of:

In people with schizophrenia,antipsychotic medications appear to:

If we tell a schizophrenic patient that both Julie and Stephanie like apples more than oranges,and Julie also likes carrots more than peppers,what would the patient have the MOST trouble with?

In the peak shift effect,the maximum response during generalization is:

The hippocampal region seems to be important for:

When Gluck and Bower tested their participants' ability to generalize what they had learned from categorizing symptoms and diseases,they found that participants:

Describe the specific ways that generalization is affected in people with schizophrenia.

Negative patterning is difficult to learn because it requires the organism to suppress its tendency to:

What is combinatorial explosion? Why is it a problem in categorization learning?

Suppose Pigeon A is reinforced for pecking a key when a yellow light is on.Suppose too that pigeon B is reinforced for pecking in response to a yellow light,but is also trained to not respond when an orange light is on.If we test both pigeons with a yellow-orange light,we will find that:

Blough's study using two different fixed-ratio schedules to reward pigeons for pecking at lights below or above 597nm demonstrated the operation of _________ and __________.

The Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Important Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Facts and Events

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Blough's study using two different fixed-ratio schedules to reward pigeons for pecking at lights below or above 597nm demonstrated the operation of _ and __.