Question 1

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has been associated with abnormalities in brainstem neurons that release:

Accepted Answer

A)  dopamine. 
B)  glutamate. 
C)  serotonin. 
D)  vasopressin.
Answer Key 
A)  dopamine. 
B)  glutamate. 
C)  serotonin. 
D)  vasopressin.
Answer Key C

Question 2

The amount of neurotransmitter released from the presynaptic terminal in response to a single action potential depends, in part, on _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the amount of Ca2+ that enters the presynaptic terminal 
B)  the amount of Na+ that enters the presynaptic terminal 
C)  the size of the synaptic vesicles 
D)  the length of the axon 
A)  the amount of Ca2+ that enters the presynaptic terminal 
B)  the amount of Na+ that enters the presynaptic terminal 
C)  the size of the synaptic vesicles 
D)  the length of the axon A

Question 3

Which of the following statements MOST accurately represents current theory regarding the localization of neurotransmitters within a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  A given neuron contains only one particular neurotransmitter. 
B)  A given neuron contains only one class of neurotransmitter. 
C)  A given neuron can contain more than one type of neurotransmitter. 
D)  A given neuron can produce only one type of postsynaptic effect. 
A)  A given neuron contains only one particular neurotransmitter. 
B)  A given neuron contains only one class of neurotransmitter. 
C)  A given neuron can contain more than one type of neurotransmitter. 
D)  A given neuron can produce only one type of postsynaptic effect. C

Question 4

Neurotransmitter release depends on an influx of _____ ions into the presynaptic terminal.

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+ 
B)  Mg2+ 
C)  Ca2+ 
D)  Cl- 
A)  Na+ 
B)  Mg2+ 
C)  Ca2+ 
D)  Cl-

Question 5

Reuptake of a neurotransmitter is accomplished by _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the postsynaptic neuron 
B)  surrounding glial cells 
C)  nearby capillaries 
D)  the presynaptic neuron 
A)  the postsynaptic neuron 
B)  surrounding glial cells 
C)  nearby capillaries 
D)  the presynaptic neuron

Question 6

Which of the following neurotransmitters does NOT share a common precursor with the others named?

Accepted Answer

A)  dopamine 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  norepinephrine 
D)  acetylcholine 
A)  dopamine 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  norepinephrine 
D)  acetylcholine

Question 7

The substance that Otto Loewi found slowed the heart is now called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  epinephrine 
B)  acetylcholine 
C)  glutamate 
D)  norepinephrine 
A)  epinephrine 
B)  acetylcholine 
C)  glutamate 
D)  norepinephrine

Question 8

Which class of neurotransmitter is synthesized and packaged in the axon terminal itself?

Accepted Answer

A)  peptides 
B)  small molecules 
C)  gases 
D)  neurosteroids 
A)  peptides 
B)  small molecules 
C)  gases 
D)  neurosteroids

Question 9

The cell bodies of the neurons of the major activating systems are located in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  basal ganglia. 
B)  diencephalon. 
C)  frontal cortex. 
D)  brainstem. 
A)  basal ganglia. 
B)  diencephalon. 
C)  frontal cortex. 
D)  brainstem.

Question 10

The ion that triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the cleft is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+ 
B)  K+ 
C)  Ca2+ 
D)  Cl- 
A)  Na+ 
B)  K+ 
C)  Ca2+ 
D)  Cl-

Question 11

An increase in the activity at a particular synapse is likely to be associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters. 
B)  decreased synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters. 
C)  decreased energy consumption. 
D)  increased action potential speed. 
A)  increased synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters. 
B)  decreased synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters. 
C)  decreased energy consumption. 
D)  increased action potential speed.

Question 12

Blockage of voltage - gated Ca2+ channels would be expected to:

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulate neurotransmitter release. 
B)  inhibit neurotransmitter release. 
C)  inhibit the generation of nerve impulses. 
D)  stimulate the generation of nerve impulses. 
A)  stimulate neurotransmitter release. 
B)  inhibit neurotransmitter release. 
C)  inhibit the generation of nerve impulses. 
D)  stimulate the generation of nerve impulses.

Question 13

Synapses characterized by wide clefts, large active zones, and round secretory vesicles are thought to be:

Accepted Answer

A)  neuroendocrine. 
B)  modulatory. 
C)  excitatory. 
D)  inhibitory. 
A)  neuroendocrine. 
B)  modulatory. 
C)  excitatory. 
D)  inhibitory.

Question 14

The excitatory effect of a neurotransmitter is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  the chemical structure of the neurotransmitter. 
B)  the nature of the receptor with which it interacts. 
C)  the part of the brain where it is released. 
D)  the amount of neurotransmitter that is released. 
A)  the chemical structure of the neurotransmitter. 
B)  the nature of the receptor with which it interacts. 
C)  the part of the brain where it is released. 
D)  the amount of neurotransmitter that is released.

Question 15

Whether a particular neurotransmitter is excitatory or inhibitory is associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)  the chemical structure of the neurotransmitter. 
B)  whether or not the neurotransmitter molecules had been in flat or round vesicles. 
C)  the type of postsynaptic neuron. 
D)  the brain region in which it is released. 
A)  the chemical structure of the neurotransmitter. 
B)  whether or not the neurotransmitter molecules had been in flat or round vesicles. 
C)  the type of postsynaptic neuron. 
D)  the brain region in which it is released.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a class of neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

A)  gases 
B)  peptides 
C)  small molecules 
D)  lipids 
A)  gases 
B)  peptides 
C)  small molecules 
D)  lipids

Question 17

At glutamate (excitatory) synapses, the postsynaptic thickening is _____ as compared with a GABA (inhibitory) synapse.

Accepted Answer

A)  thinner 
B)  absent 
C)  greater 
D)  narrower 
A)  thinner 
B)  absent 
C)  greater 
D)  narrower

Question 18

A neurotransmitter released at the axon terminal must _____ in order to affect the postsynaptic cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  diffuse across the synaptic cleft 
B)  be transported across the synaptic cleft 
C)  be taken up by the postsynaptic cell 
D)  be metabolized by the postsynaptic cell 
A)  diffuse across the synaptic cleft 
B)  be transported across the synaptic cleft 
C)  be taken up by the postsynaptic cell 
D)  be metabolized by the postsynaptic cell

Question 19

The first two chemicals to be identified as neurotransmitters were:

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine and epinephrine. 
B)  dopamine and serotonin. 
C)  glutamate and glycine. 
D)  GABA and NMDA. 
A)  acetylcholine and epinephrine. 
B)  dopamine and serotonin. 
C)  glutamate and glycine. 
D)  GABA and NMDA.

Question 20

Type II synapses are most often found on:

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle fibers. 
B)  dendritic spines. 
C)  astrocytes. 
D)  neuronal cell bodies. 
A)  muscle fibers. 
B)  dendritic spines. 
C)  astrocytes. 
D)  neuronal cell bodies.

Exam 5: Extension: A - Communication Between Neurons

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has been associated with abnormalities in brainstem neurons that release:

The amount of neurotransmitter released from the presynaptic terminal in response to a single action potential depends, in part, on _____.

Which of the following statements MOST accurately represents current theory regarding the localization of neurotransmitters within a neuron?

Neurotransmitter release depends on an influx of _____ ions into the presynaptic terminal.

Reuptake of a neurotransmitter is accomplished by _____.

Which of the following neurotransmitters does NOT share a common precursor with the others named?

The substance that Otto Loewi found slowed the heart is now called _____.

Which class of neurotransmitter is synthesized and packaged in the axon terminal itself?

The cell bodies of the neurons of the major activating systems are located in the:

The ion that triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the cleft is _____.

An increase in the activity at a particular synapse is likely to be associated with:

Blockage of voltage - gated Ca2+ channels would be expected to:

Synapses characterized by wide clefts, large active zones, and round secretory vesicles are thought to be:

The excitatory effect of a neurotransmitter is caused by:

Whether a particular neurotransmitter is excitatory or inhibitory is associated with:

Which of the following is NOT a class of neurotransmitter?

At glutamate (excitatory) synapses, the postsynaptic thickening is _____ as compared with a GABA (inhibitory) synapse.

A neurotransmitter released at the axon terminal must _____ in order to affect the postsynaptic cell.

The first two chemicals to be identified as neurotransmitters were:

Type II synapses are most often found on:

Extension: A - The Development of Neuropsychology

Extension: B - The Development of Neuropsychology

Extension: C - The Development of Neuropsychology

Extension: A - Research on the Origins of the Human Brain and Behavior

Extension: B - Research on the Origins of the Human Brain and Behavior

Extension: C - Research on the Origins of the Human Brain and Behavior

Extension: A - Nervous System Organization

Extension: B - Nervous System Organization

Extension: C - Nervous System Organization

Extension: A - the Structure and Electrical Activity of Neurons

Extension: B - the Structure and Electrical Activity of Neurons

Extension: C - the Structure and Electrical Activity of Neurons

Extension: B - Communication Between Neurons

Extension: C - Communication Between Neurons

Extension: A - The Influence of Drugs and Hormones on Behavior

Extension: B - The Influence of Drugs and Hormones on Behavior

Extension: C - The Influence of Drugs and Hormones on Behavior

Extension: A - Imaging the Brains Activity

Extension: B - Imaging the Brains Activity

Extension: C - Imaging the Brains Activity

Extension: A - Organization of the Sensory Systems

Extension: B - Organization of the Sensory Systems

Extension: C - Organization of the Sensory Systems

Extension: A - Organization of the Motor System

Extension: B - Organization of the Motor System

Extension: C - Organization of the Motor System

Extension: A - Principles of Neurocortical Function

Extension: B - Principles of Neurocortical Function

Extension: C - Principles of Neurocortical Function

Extension: A - Cerebral Asymmetry

Extension: B - Cerebral Asymmetry

Extension: C - Cerebral Asymmetry

Extension: A - Variations in Cerebral Asymmetry

Extension: B - Variations in Cerebral Asymmetry

Extension: C - Variations in Cerebral Asymmetry

Extension: A - The Occipital Lobes

Extension: B - The Occipital Lobes

Extension: C - The Occipital Lobes

Extension: A - The Parietal Lobes

Extension: B - The Parietal Lobes

Extension: C - The Parietal Lobes

Extension: A - The Temporal Lobes

Extension: B - The Temporal Lobes

Extension: C - The Temporal Lobes

Extension: A - The Frontal Lobes

Extension: B - The Frontal Lobes

Extension: C - The Frontal Lobes

Extension: A - Cortical Networks and Disconnection Syndromes

Extension: B - Cortical Networks and Disconnection Syndromes

Extension: C - Cortical Networks and Disconnection Syndromes

Extension: A - Learning and Memory

Extension: B - Learning and Memory

Extension: C - Learning and Memory

Extension: A - Language

Extension: B - Language

Extension: C - Language

Extension: A - Emotion and the Social Brain

Extension: B - Emotion and the Social Brain

Extension: C - Emotion and the Social Brain

Blockage of voltage - gated Ca²⁺ channels would be expected to: