Question 1

Describe Luria's model dividing the cerebral cortex into two functional units, each with three hierarchical units.

Accepted Answer

In Luria's model a posterior unit in the cerebral cortex, comprised of parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes, receives, processes, and stores information while an anterior unit comprised of the frontal lobes formulates intentions, organizes them into programs of action, and executes those plans as behaviors. Processing in the posterior unit is hierarchical from the primary to secondary to tertiary cortices, while in the anterior unit, information flows hierarchically from the tertiary to secondary to primary cortices. These units work together in concert.

Question 2

What is meant by the binding problem? What is a proposed solution?

Accepted Answer

The binding problem asks how sensations in specific channels (touch, vision, hearing, etc.) combine into perceptions that represent a unified experience that we can call reality. One proposed solution is that intracortical networks of connections among subsets of cortical regions are these unified perceptions when they all act together simultaneously.

Question 3

Name the functional characteristics of the inputs to each of the six neocortical layers.

Accepted Answer

The inputs to each of the six neocortical layers are as follows: I) nonspecific afferents; II) nonspecific afferents (motor cortex); III) specific and nonspecific afferents; IV) specific and nonspecific afferents (sensory cortex); V) specific and nonspecific afferents; and VI) nonspecific afferents (little).

Question 4

Use the following to answer questions:
Various experiments have shown that in addition to the horizontal layered organization of the cortex, there are also vertical organizations, as described by investigators using various experimental techniques. For each type of organization listed, select the most appropriate alternative from the list below.
-columns ___

Accepted Answer

A) color perception in V1 
B) whisker (vibrissa) perception 
C) ocular dominance 
D) visual perception in V2 
A) color perception in V1 
B) whisker (vibrissa) perception 
C) ocular dominance 
D) visual perception in V2

Question 5

Use the following to answer questions:
Many neuroscientists have contributed to our understanding of the principles of neocortical function. Match the neuroscientist(s) with the term most representative of his(their) work.
-Luria ___

Accepted Answer

A) decerebrate animals 
B) sensory and motor unit theory 
C) distributed hierarchy theory 
D) behavior of the mesencephalic child 
A) decerebrate animals 
B) sensory and motor unit theory 
C) distributed hierarchy theory 
D) behavior of the mesencephalic child

Question 6

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the individual in each question with the appropriate scientific contribution.
-Brodmann ___

Accepted Answer

A) cortical stimulation 
B) hierarchical model 
C) cortical maps 
D) cortical modules 
A) cortical stimulation 
B) hierarchical model 
C) cortical maps 
D) cortical modules

Question 7

What are cortical blobs? What are cortical barrels?

Accepted Answer

Cortical blobs are regions of V1 cortex,

Question 8

Compare the behavioral capacities of high - and low - decerebrate animals.

Accepted Answer

Low decerebrate animals, if undisturbed,

Question 9

Use the following to answer questions:
For each cortical area of the monkey listed, select the appropriate multisensory functions from the list below. (One of the functions below is used twice.)
-ventral premotor cortex ___

Accepted Answer

A) auditory and visual 
B) auditory and somatosensory 
C) auditory, visual, and somatosensory 
A) auditory and visual 
B) auditory and somatosensory 
C) auditory, visual, and somatosensory

Question 10

Use the following to answer questions:
For each cortical area of the monkey listed, select the appropriate multisensory functions from the list below. (One of the functions below is used twice.)
-superior temporal sulcus ___

Accepted Answer

A) auditory and visual 
B) auditory and somatosensory 
C) auditory, visual, and somatosensory 
A) auditory and visual 
B) auditory and somatosensory 
C) auditory, visual, and somatosensory

Question 11

Describe a cortical column or module.

Accepted Answer

A cortical column or module is a vertica

Question 12

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the individual in each question with the appropriate scientific contribution.
-Zeki ___

Accepted Answer

A) cortical stimulation 
B) hierarchical model 
C) cortical maps 
D) cortical modules 
A) cortical stimulation 
B) hierarchical model 
C) cortical maps 
D) cortical modules

Question 13

Contrast Luria's model of cortical function with that of Felleman and van Essen.
Answer Key

Accepted Answer

Felleman and van Essen maintain a hierar

Question 14

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the individual in each question with the appropriate scientific contribution.
-Penfield ___

Accepted Answer

A) cortical stimulation 
B) hierarchical model 
C) cortical maps 
D) cortical modules 
A) cortical stimulation 
B) hierarchical model 
C) cortical maps 
D) cortical modules

Question 15

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the individual in each question with the appropriate scientific contribution.
-Luria

Accepted Answer

A) cortical stimulation 
B) hierarchical model 
C) cortical maps 
D) cortical modules 
A) cortical stimulation 
B) hierarchical model 
C) cortical maps 
D) cortical modules

Question 16

According to the results of studies of decorticate animals, what behavioral advantages appear to be conferred by the neocortex?

Accepted Answer

The cortex allows for nest building and

Question 17

What is the anatomical basis for the observation that "spinal" animals are alert but decerebrate animals are not?

Accepted Answer

In a decerebrate animal, inputs from the

Question 18

Use the following to answer questions:
Various experiments have shown that in addition to the horizontal layered organization of the cortex, there are also vertical organizations, as described by investigators using various experimental techniques. For each type of organization listed, select the most appropriate alternative from the list below.
-stripes ___

Accepted Answer

A) color perception in V1 
B) whisker (vibrissa) perception 
C) ocular dominance 
D) visual perception in V2 
A) color perception in V1 
B) whisker (vibrissa) perception 
C) ocular dominance 
D) visual perception in V2

Question 19

Name the general anatomical targets of the outputs from each of the six neocortical layers.

Accepted Answer

The outputs from each of the six neocort

Question 20

Use the following to answer questions:
Many neuroscientists have contributed to our understanding of the principles of neocortical function. Match the neuroscientist(s) with the term most representative of his(their) work.
-Gamper ___

Accepted Answer

A) decerebrate animals 
B) sensory and motor unit theory 
C) distributed hierarchy theory 
D) behavior of the mesencephalic child 
A) decerebrate animals 
B) sensory and motor unit theory 
C) distributed hierarchy theory 
D) behavior of the mesencephalic child

Exam 10: Extension: B - Principles of Neurocortical Function

Describe Luria's model dividing the cerebral cortex into two functional units, each with three hierarchical units.

What is meant by the binding problem? What is a proposed solution?

Name the functional characteristics of the inputs to each of the six neocortical layers.

Use the following to answer questions: Many neuroscientists have contributed to our understanding of the principles of neocortical function. Match the neuroscientist(s) with the term most representative of his(their) work. -Luria ___

Use the following to answer questions: Match the individual in each question with the appropriate scientific contribution. -Brodmann ___

What are cortical blobs? What are cortical barrels?

Compare the behavioral capacities of high - and low - decerebrate animals.

Use the following to answer questions: For each cortical area of the monkey listed, select the appropriate multisensory functions from the list below. (One of the functions below is used twice.) -ventral premotor cortex ___

Use the following to answer questions: For each cortical area of the monkey listed, select the appropriate multisensory functions from the list below. (One of the functions below is used twice.) -superior temporal sulcus ___

Describe a cortical column or module.

Use the following to answer questions: Match the individual in each question with the appropriate scientific contribution. -Zeki ___

Contrast Luria's model of cortical function with that of Felleman and van Essen. Answer Key

Use the following to answer questions: Match the individual in each question with the appropriate scientific contribution. -Penfield ___

Use the following to answer questions: Match the individual in each question with the appropriate scientific contribution. -Luria

According to the results of studies of decorticate animals, what behavioral advantages appear to be conferred by the neocortex?

What is the anatomical basis for the observation that "spinal" animals are alert but decerebrate animals are not?

Name the general anatomical targets of the outputs from each of the six neocortical layers.

Use the following to answer questions: Many neuroscientists have contributed to our understanding of the principles of neocortical function. Match the neuroscientist(s) with the term most representative of his(their) work. -Gamper ___

Extension: A - The Development of Neuropsychology

Extension: B - The Development of Neuropsychology

Extension: C - The Development of Neuropsychology

Extension: A - Research on the Origins of the Human Brain and Behavior

Extension: B - Research on the Origins of the Human Brain and Behavior

Extension: C - Research on the Origins of the Human Brain and Behavior

Extension: A - Nervous System Organization

Extension: B - Nervous System Organization

Extension: C - Nervous System Organization

Extension: A - the Structure and Electrical Activity of Neurons

Extension: B - the Structure and Electrical Activity of Neurons

Extension: C - the Structure and Electrical Activity of Neurons

Extension: A - Communication Between Neurons

Extension: B - Communication Between Neurons

Extension: C - Communication Between Neurons

Extension: A - The Influence of Drugs and Hormones on Behavior

Extension: B - The Influence of Drugs and Hormones on Behavior

Extension: C - The Influence of Drugs and Hormones on Behavior

Extension: A - Imaging the Brains Activity

Extension: B - Imaging the Brains Activity

Extension: C - Imaging the Brains Activity

Extension: A - Organization of the Sensory Systems

Extension: B - Organization of the Sensory Systems

Extension: C - Organization of the Sensory Systems

Extension: A - Organization of the Motor System

Extension: B - Organization of the Motor System

Extension: C - Organization of the Motor System

Extension: A - Principles of Neurocortical Function

Extension: C - Principles of Neurocortical Function

Extension: A - Cerebral Asymmetry

Extension: B - Cerebral Asymmetry

Extension: C - Cerebral Asymmetry

Extension: A - Variations in Cerebral Asymmetry

Extension: B - Variations in Cerebral Asymmetry

Extension: C - Variations in Cerebral Asymmetry

Extension: A - The Occipital Lobes

Extension: B - The Occipital Lobes

Extension: C - The Occipital Lobes

Extension: A - The Parietal Lobes

Extension: B - The Parietal Lobes

Extension: C - The Parietal Lobes

Extension: A - The Temporal Lobes

Extension: B - The Temporal Lobes

Extension: C - The Temporal Lobes

Extension: A - The Frontal Lobes

Extension: B - The Frontal Lobes

Extension: C - The Frontal Lobes

Extension: A - Cortical Networks and Disconnection Syndromes

Extension: B - Cortical Networks and Disconnection Syndromes

Extension: C - Cortical Networks and Disconnection Syndromes

Extension: A - Learning and Memory

Extension: B - Learning and Memory

Extension: C - Learning and Memory

Extension: A - Language

Extension: B - Language

Extension: C - Language

Extension: A - Emotion and the Social Brain

Extension: B - Emotion and the Social Brain

Extension: C - Emotion and the Social Brain

Extension: A - Spatial Behavior

Extension: B - Spatial Behavior