Question 1

Briefly discuss what John Hughlings - Jackson meant by his concept of "hierarchical organization."

Accepted Answer

Hughlings-Jackson suggested that the spinal cord, brainstem, and forebrain had developed successively, in that order, during evolution and that earlier-evolved animals and animals with injuries at higher levels would have simpler behaviors than those with the spinal cord, brainstem and forebrain intact.

Question 2

Sketch and label the main parts of a neuron.

Accepted Answer

See Figure Answer: 9 Major Parts of a Neuron in the text.

Question 3

Use the following to answer questions:
The nineteenth century saw an increase in scientific interest in the functions of the brain. Match the scientist(s) with the MOST appropriate phrase.
-Flourens ___

Accepted Answer

A) conduction aphasia 
B) recovery of function 
C) electrical excitability of the cortex 
D) left hemisphere localization for speech 
A) conduction aphasia 
B) recovery of function 
C) electrical excitability of the cortex 
D) left hemisphere localization for speech B

Question 4

Use the following to answer questions:
The history of neuropsychology has been influenced by a variety of hypotheses regarding the functional organization of the human brain. For each hypothesis, choose the individual MOST closely associated with that idea from the list below.
-neuron hypothesis ___

Accepted Answer

A) Goltz 
B) Ramón y Cajal 
C) Hughlings-Jackson 
D) Golgi 
A) Goltz 
B) Ramón y Cajal 
C) Hughlings-Jackson 
D) Golgi

Question 5

Discuss the ways statistics are useful in dealing with individual differences in neuropsychological experiments.

Accepted Answer

Statistics have allowed for seeing patte

Question 6

Use the following to answer questions:
Following Broca, several other investigators extended knowledge regarding the association of brain damage and language and movement disorders. For each individual, choose the MOST appropriate alternative from the list below.
-Dejerine ___

Accepted Answer

A) apraxia 
B) hierarchical organization 
C) fluent aphasia 
D) alexia 
A) apraxia 
B) hierarchical organization 
C) fluent aphasia 
D) alexia

Question 7

What was Broca's main contribution to the concept of lateralization of function in the human brain?

Accepted Answer

Broca's clinical studies established tha

Question 8

What was Descartes's view of the mind-body problem?

Accepted Answer

Descartes believed the mind an

Question 9

What was Wernicke's main contribution to the concept of a modular functional organization of the human brain?

Accepted Answer

Wernicke created the first model of how

Question 10

Use the following to answer questions:
Different theorists down the ages have placed mental processes in various parts of the body. Choose the appropriate body region for each theorist.
-Descartes ___

Accepted Answer

A) pineal gland 
B) heart 
C) brain 
A) pineal gland 
B) heart 
C) brain

Question 11

What is a "Hebb synapse"?

Accepted Answer

A Hebb synapse is a synapse th

Question 12

Distinguish between sulci and gyri in the cerebral cortex.

Accepted Answer

Gyri are folds or bu

Question 13

Of what historical significance were the experiments of Fritsch and Hitzig?

Accepted Answer

Their studies demonstrated that the cere

Question 14

Use the following to answer questions:
For each discipline listed below, choose the MOST appropriate alternative from the list.
-neurosurgery ___

Accepted Answer

A) positron emission tomography 
B) failed in developing a functional atlas of the human brain 
C) intelligence quotient 
D) stereotaxic device 
A) positron emission tomography 
B) failed in developing a functional atlas of the human brain 
C) intelligence quotient 
D) stereotaxic device

Question 15

Use the following to answer questions:
The history of neuropsychology has been influenced by a variety of hypotheses regarding the functional organization of the human brain. For each hypothesis, choose the individual MOST closely associated with that idea from the list below.
-hierarchical organization ___

Accepted Answer

A) Goltz 
B) Ramón y Cajal 
C) Hughlings-Jackson 
D) Golgi 
A) Goltz 
B) Ramón y Cajal 
C) Hughlings-Jackson 
D) Golgi

Question 16

Use the following to answer questions:
The nineteenth century saw an increase in scientific interest in the functions of the brain. Match the scientist(s) with the MOST appropriate phrase.
-Wernicke ___

Accepted Answer

A) conduction aphasia 
B) recovery of function 
C) electrical excitability of the cortex 
D) left hemisphere localization for speech 
A) conduction aphasia 
B) recovery of function 
C) electrical excitability of the cortex 
D) left hemisphere localization for speech

Question 17

Describe the contributions of psychometrics to the field of neuropsychology.
Answer Key

Accepted Answer

The standardization of measures of vario

Question 18

Use the following to answer questions:
The nineteenth century saw an increase in scientific interest in the functions of the brain. Match the scientist(s) with the MOST appropriate phrase.
-Fritsch and Hitzig ___

Accepted Answer

A) conduction aphasia 
B) recovery of function 
C) electrical excitability of the cortex 
D) left hemisphere localization for speech 
A) conduction aphasia 
B) recovery of function 
C) electrical excitability of the cortex 
D) left hemisphere localization for speech

Question 19

Use the following to answer questions:
The nineteenth century saw an increase in scientific interest in the functions of the brain. Match the scientist(s) with the MOST appropriate phrase.
-Dax ___

Accepted Answer

A) conduction aphasia 
B) recovery of function 
C) electrical excitability of the cortex 
D) left hemisphere localization for speech 
A) conduction aphasia 
B) recovery of function 
C) electrical excitability of the cortex 
D) left hemisphere localization for speech

Question 20

What is the definitive evidence that refutes the nerve net hypothesis of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Electron microscopy studies in

Exam 1: Extension: B - The Development of Neuropsychology

Briefly discuss what John Hughlings - Jackson meant by his concept of "hierarchical organization."

Sketch and label the main parts of a neuron.

Use the following to answer questions: The nineteenth century saw an increase in scientific interest in the functions of the brain. Match the scientist(s) with the MOST appropriate phrase. -Flourens ___

Discuss the ways statistics are useful in dealing with individual differences in neuropsychological experiments.

Use the following to answer questions: Following Broca, several other investigators extended knowledge regarding the association of brain damage and language and movement disorders. For each individual, choose the MOST appropriate alternative from the list below. -Dejerine ___

What was Broca's main contribution to the concept of lateralization of function in the human brain?

What was Descartes's view of the mind-body problem?

What was Wernicke's main contribution to the concept of a modular functional organization of the human brain?

Use the following to answer questions: Different theorists down the ages have placed mental processes in various parts of the body. Choose the appropriate body region for each theorist. -Descartes ___

What is a "Hebb synapse"?

Distinguish between sulci and gyri in the cerebral cortex.

Of what historical significance were the experiments of Fritsch and Hitzig?

Use the following to answer questions: For each discipline listed below, choose the MOST appropriate alternative from the list. -neurosurgery ___

Use the following to answer questions: The nineteenth century saw an increase in scientific interest in the functions of the brain. Match the scientist(s) with the MOST appropriate phrase. -Wernicke ___

Describe the contributions of psychometrics to the field of neuropsychology. Answer Key

Use the following to answer questions: The nineteenth century saw an increase in scientific interest in the functions of the brain. Match the scientist(s) with the MOST appropriate phrase. -Fritsch and Hitzig ___

Use the following to answer questions: The nineteenth century saw an increase in scientific interest in the functions of the brain. Match the scientist(s) with the MOST appropriate phrase. -Dax ___

What is the definitive evidence that refutes the nerve net hypothesis of the nervous system?

Extension: A - The Development of Neuropsychology

Extension: C - The Development of Neuropsychology

Extension: A - Research on the Origins of the Human Brain and Behavior

Extension: B - Research on the Origins of the Human Brain and Behavior

Extension: C - Research on the Origins of the Human Brain and Behavior

Extension: A - Nervous System Organization

Extension: B - Nervous System Organization

Extension: C - Nervous System Organization

Extension: A - the Structure and Electrical Activity of Neurons

Extension: B - the Structure and Electrical Activity of Neurons

Extension: C - the Structure and Electrical Activity of Neurons

Extension: A - Communication Between Neurons

Extension: B - Communication Between Neurons

Extension: C - Communication Between Neurons

Extension: A - The Influence of Drugs and Hormones on Behavior

Extension: B - The Influence of Drugs and Hormones on Behavior

Extension: C - The Influence of Drugs and Hormones on Behavior

Extension: A - Imaging the Brains Activity

Extension: B - Imaging the Brains Activity

Extension: C - Imaging the Brains Activity

Extension: A - Organization of the Sensory Systems

Extension: B - Organization of the Sensory Systems

Extension: C - Organization of the Sensory Systems

Extension: A - Organization of the Motor System

Extension: B - Organization of the Motor System

Extension: C - Organization of the Motor System

Extension: A - Principles of Neurocortical Function

Extension: B - Principles of Neurocortical Function

Extension: C - Principles of Neurocortical Function

Extension: A - Cerebral Asymmetry

Extension: B - Cerebral Asymmetry

Extension: C - Cerebral Asymmetry

Extension: A - Variations in Cerebral Asymmetry

Extension: B - Variations in Cerebral Asymmetry

Extension: C - Variations in Cerebral Asymmetry

Extension: A - The Occipital Lobes

Extension: B - The Occipital Lobes

Extension: C - The Occipital Lobes

Extension: A - The Parietal Lobes

Extension: B - The Parietal Lobes

Extension: C - The Parietal Lobes

Extension: A - The Temporal Lobes

Extension: B - The Temporal Lobes

Extension: C - The Temporal Lobes

Extension: A - The Frontal Lobes

Extension: B - The Frontal Lobes

Extension: C - The Frontal Lobes

Extension: A - Cortical Networks and Disconnection Syndromes

Extension: B - Cortical Networks and Disconnection Syndromes

Extension: C - Cortical Networks and Disconnection Syndromes

Extension: A - Learning and Memory

Extension: B - Learning and Memory

Extension: C - Learning and Memory

Extension: A - Language

Extension: B - Language

Extension: C - Language

Extension: A - Emotion and the Social Brain

Extension: B - Emotion and the Social Brain

Extension: C - Emotion and the Social Brain

Extension: A - Spatial Behavior

Extension: B - Spatial Behavior