Question 1

Matching

-The symbol for free energy under standard biochemical conditions is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  phylogenetic 
B)  negative 
C)  H2O 
D)  ΔH° 
E)  H – TS
F) halobacteria
G) open
H) entropy
I) flux
J) polymers
K) ΔG°´
L) thermophiles
M) nitrogen
N) positive 
A)  phylogenetic 
B)  negative 
C)  H2O 
D)  ΔH° 
E)  H – TS
F) halobacteria
G) open
H) entropy
I) flux
J) polymers
K) ΔG°´
L) thermophiles
M) nitrogen
N) positive K

Question 2

Which cellular compartment or organelle is involved in the synthesis of proteins and lipids?

Accepted Answer

A) endoplasmic reticulum 
B) lysosomes 
C) peroxisomes 
D) vacuoles 
E) all of the above 
A) endoplasmic reticulum 
B) lysosomes 
C) peroxisomes 
D) vacuoles 
E) all of the above A

Question 3

Which three cellular components are present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) ribosomes,chloroplasts,mitochondria 
B) nucleus,ribosomes,RNA 
C) RNA,DNA,ribosomes 
D) endoplasmic reticulum,DNA,RNA 
E) mitochondria,DNA,RNA 
A) ribosomes,chloroplasts,mitochondria 
B) nucleus,ribosomes,RNA 
C) RNA,DNA,ribosomes 
D) endoplasmic reticulum,DNA,RNA 
E) mitochondria,DNA,RNA C

Question 4

For the followin questions,consider the structure of the coenzyme NADP  
-Which arrow points at a phosphate ester bond?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 5

Living organisms are classified thermodynamically as:

Accepted Answer

A) open systems. 
B) closed systems. 
C) isolated systems. 
D) thermally isolated. 
E) none of the above 
A) open systems. 
B) closed systems. 
C) isolated systems. 
D) thermally isolated. 
E) none of the above

Question 6

Carbohydrates,proteins,nucleotides,and nucleic acids are important groups of molecules found in living organisms.Which 6 elements do living organisms need to build these molecules?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Carbohydrates,proteins,nucleotides,and nucleic acids are important groups of...

Question 7

The reaction pyruvate + ATP $\leftrightarrows$ PEP + ADP is catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate kinase.The $\Delta$G°ꞌ for this reaction is 31.4 kJ/mol.Use this information to answer the following questions.
a.Does this reaction move forward (from left to right)or backward under standard state conditions? Explain you answer in one sentence.
b.Calculate the Keq for this reaction at 25°C.
c.After the reaction has reached equilibrium at 25°C [ATP] = 5 mM,[ADP] = 0.5 mM,[pyruvate] = 0.2 mM.Calculate the concentration PEP.

Accepted Answer

a.The reaction goes backward (from right

Question 8

Consider the reaction A + B$\leftrightarrow$ C + D.After reaching equilibrium at 25°C,the following concentrations of reactants and products were measured: [A] = 10 $\mu$M,[B] = 15 $\mu$M,[C] = 10 $\mu$M,[D] = 10 $\mu$M.Calculate $\Delta$G°' for this reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) 1000 J/mol 
B) 10 kJ/mol 
C) 1 J/mol 
D) insufficient data to determine answer 
E) none of the above 
A) 1000 J/mol 
B) 10 kJ/mol 
C) 1 J/mol 
D) insufficient data to determine answer 
E) none of the above

Question 9

For a reaction with $\Delta$H = 23 kJ/mol and $\Delta$S =22 J/K•mol,at 2°C,the reaction is:

Accepted Answer

A) spontaneous 
B) nonspontaneous 
C) at equilibrium 
D) impossible to determine reactivity 
E) none of the above 
A) spontaneous 
B) nonspontaneous 
C) at equilibrium 
D) impossible to determine reactivity 
E) none of the above

Question 10

Enzymes accelerate biochemical reactions by

Accepted Answer

A) decreasing the $\Delta$G for the reactions. 
B) increasing the $\Delta$G for the reactions. 
C) establishing a 'closed system' for each reaction. 
D) promoting reaction pathways associated with a positive $\Delta$G. 
E) providing a more favorable pathway for the reactions. 
A) decreasing the $\Delta$G for the reactions. 
B) increasing the $\Delta$G for the reactions. 
C) establishing a 'closed system' for each reaction. 
D) promoting reaction pathways associated with a positive $\Delta$G. 
E) providing a more favorable pathway for the reactions.

Question 11

What are the four most abundant elements in a human body?

Accepted Answer

A) C,N,O,H 
B) C,N,O,P 
C) C,S,O,H 
D) C,Na,O,H 
E) none of the above 
A) C,N,O,H 
B) C,N,O,P 
C) C,S,O,H 
D) C,Na,O,H 
E) none of the above

Question 12

For the followin questions,consider the structure of the coenzyme NADP  
-Which arrow points at a glycosidic bond?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 13

Calculate the $\Delta$G for a reaction with $\Delta$H = 20.kJ/mol and $\Delta$S =20.J/K•mol,that is carried out at 27°C.

Accepted Answer

A) 14 J/mol 
B) 140 J/mol 
C) 1400 J/mol 
D) 14,000 J/mol 
E) none of the above 
A) 14 J/mol 
B) 140 J/mol 
C) 1400 J/mol 
D) 14,000 J/mol 
E) none of the above

Question 14

Living organisms

Accepted Answer

A) are closed systems. 
B) maintain a steady state. 
C) exist outside the laws of thermodynamics. 
D) are all of the above 
E) are none of the above 
A) are closed systems. 
B) maintain a steady state. 
C) exist outside the laws of thermodynamics. 
D) are all of the above 
E) are none of the above

Question 15

Which of the following statement(s)is (are)not true?

Accepted Answer

A) Margulis proposed the endosymbiotic theory to explain the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts. 
B) Woese proposed the "new" phylogenic tree that divides living organisms into the 3 domains of bacteria,archaea and eukarya based upon genetic relationships rather than obvious morphological similarities. 
C) Urey and Miller conducted an experiment that involved sparking a mixture of NH3,CH4,H2O and H2 gases to yield amino acids,some of the fundamental building blocks of life. 
D) All of the above are false. 
E) All of the above are true. 
A) Margulis proposed the endosymbiotic theory to explain the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts. 
B) Woese proposed the "new" phylogenic tree that divides living organisms into the 3 domains of bacteria,archaea and eukarya based upon genetic relationships rather than obvious morphological similarities. 
C) Urey and Miller conducted an experiment that involved sparking a mixture of NH3,CH4,H2O and H2 gases to yield amino acids,some of the fundamental building blocks of life. 
D) All of the above are false. 
E) All of the above are true.

Question 16

For the followin questions,consider the structure of the coenzyme NADP  
-Which arrow points at an amide bond?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 17

Matching

-The term used to indicate the degree of randomness within a system is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  phylogenetic 
B)  negative 
C)  H2O 
D)  ΔH° 
E)  H – TS
F) halobacteria
G) open
H) entropy
I) flux
J) polymers
K) ΔG°´
L) thermophiles
M) nitrogen
N) positive 
A)  phylogenetic 
B)  negative 
C)  H2O 
D)  ΔH° 
E)  H – TS
F) halobacteria
G) open
H) entropy
I) flux
J) polymers
K) ΔG°´
L) thermophiles
M) nitrogen
N) positive

Question 18

For the followin questions,consider the structure of the coenzyme NADP  
-Which arrow points at an anhydride bond?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 19

Matching

-Spontaneous processes are characterized by a change in Gibbs free energy that is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  phylogenetic 
B)  negative 
C)  H2O 
D)  ΔH° 
E)  H – TS
F) halobacteria
G) open
H) entropy
I) flux
J) polymers
K) ΔG°´
L) thermophiles
M) nitrogen
N) positive 
A)  phylogenetic 
B)  negative 
C)  H2O 
D)  ΔH° 
E)  H – TS
F) halobacteria
G) open
H) entropy
I) flux
J) polymers
K) ΔG°´
L) thermophiles
M) nitrogen
N) positive

Question 20

Which of the following statements about hydrothermal vents is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The vents have temperatures as high as 800°C and emit H2S and metal sulfides. 
B) The vents have temperatures as high as 600°C and emit H2S and metal nitrates. 
C) The vents have temperatures as high as 400°C and emit H2S and metal sulfides. 
D) none of the above 
E) all of the above 
A) The vents have temperatures as high as 800°C and emit H2S and metal sulfides. 
B) The vents have temperatures as high as 600°C and emit H2S and metal nitrates. 
C) The vents have temperatures as high as 400°C and emit H2S and metal sulfides. 
D) none of the above 
E) all of the above

Exam 1: Introduction to the Chemistry of Life

Matching -The symbol for free energy under standard biochemical conditions is ______.

Which cellular compartment or organelle is involved in the synthesis of proteins and lipids?

Which three cellular components are present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

For the followin questions,consider the structure of the coenzyme NADP -Which arrow points at a phosphate ester bond?

Living organisms are classified thermodynamically as:

Carbohydrates,proteins,nucleotides,and nucleic acids are important groups of molecules found in living organisms.Which 6 elements do living organisms need to build these molecules?

Consider the reaction A + B ↔\leftrightarrow↔ C + D.After reaching equilibrium at 25°C,the following concentrations of reactants and products were measured: [A] = 10 μ\muμ M,[B] = 15 μ\muμ M,[C] = 10 μ\muμ M,[D] = 10 μ\muμ M.Calculate Δ\DeltaΔ G°' for this reaction.

For a reaction with Δ\DeltaΔ H = 23 kJ/mol and Δ\DeltaΔ S =22 J/K•mol,at 2°C,the reaction is:

Enzymes accelerate biochemical reactions by

What are the four most abundant elements in a human body?

For the followin questions,consider the structure of the coenzyme NADP -Which arrow points at a glycosidic bond?

Calculate the Δ\DeltaΔ G for a reaction with Δ\DeltaΔ H = 20.kJ/mol and Δ\DeltaΔ S =20.J/K•mol,that is carried out at 27°C.

Living organisms

Which of the following statement(s)is (are)not true?

For the followin questions,consider the structure of the coenzyme NADP -Which arrow points at an amide bond?

Matching -The term used to indicate the degree of randomness within a system is ______.

For the followin questions,consider the structure of the coenzyme NADP -Which arrow points at an anhydride bond?

Matching -Spontaneous processes are characterized by a change in Gibbs free energy that is ______.

Which of the following statements about hydrothermal vents is true?

Water

Nucleotides, nucleic Acids, and Genetic Information

Amino Acids

Proteins: Primary Structure

Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure

Protein Function Part I: Myoglobin and Hemoglobin

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Biological Membranes

Membrane Transport

Enzyme Catalysis

Enzyme Kinetics, inhibition and Control

Biochemical Signaling

Introduction to Metabolism

Glucose Catabolism

Glycogen Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis

Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Mammalian Fuel Metabolism: Integration and Regulation

Nucleotide Metabolism

Nucleic Acid Structure

DNA Replication, repair and Recombination

Transcription and Rna Processing

Protein Synthesis

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

Consider the reaction A + B $\leftrightarrow$ C + D.After reaching equilibrium at 25°C,the following concentrations of reactants and products were measured: [A] = 10 $\mu$ M,[B] = 15 $\mu$ M,[C] = 10 $\mu$ M,[D] = 10 $\mu$ M.Calculate $\Delta$ G°' for this reaction.

For a reaction with $\Delta$ H = 23 kJ/mol and $\Delta$ S =22 J/K•mol,at 2°C,the reaction is:

Calculate the $\Delta$ G for a reaction with $\Delta$ H = 20.kJ/mol and $\Delta$ S =20.J/K•mol,that is carried out at 27°C.